Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology最新文献

{"title":"Identification of probable pectinesterase as a major allergen of pollen of the Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla)in northern China.","authors":"Yingyang Xu, Barbara Gepp, Nina Lengger, Jia Yin, Heimo Breiteneder","doi":"10.12932/AP-100722-1409","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-100722-1409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pollen of the Asian white birch (Betula platyphylla) is a major source of allergens in spring in northern China, yet little research on its pollen allergens has been done so far.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the B. platyphylla pollen allergen profile of patients from northern China and to identify the major pollen allergens in this patient cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sera from 35 Chinese patients with birch pollinosis were collected for this study. The IgE-binding proteins in B. platyphylla pollen extract were analyzed by IgE immunoblots. A novel major allergen was purified by cation exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography. Its IgE reactivity was evaluated by ELISA. The protein was excised from a 2D electrophoresis gel and subjected to ESI-QUAD-TOF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study cohort, the prevalence of IgE specific for Bet v 1 was 68.8% (n = 22/32) as measured by ImmunoCAP. In immunoblots, two major bands at around 17 kDa and 70 kDa were detected by IgE from 68.5% (24/35) and 65.7% (23/35) of sera, respectively. The 17 kDa band was identified as Bet v 1 by a monoclonal antibody to Bet v 1 and inhibition experiments with recombinant Bet v 1. The 70 kDa band was a polymorphic glycoprotein and 7 isoforms were found. The protein was identified as probably pectinesterase with a molecular weight of 66 kDa and a PI of 5.7.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 66 kDa protein, probably belonging to pectinesterase family, was identified as a novel major allergen of B. platyphylla pollen in patients from northern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"186-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis in children: Effect of age and atopic status.","authors":"Nutthakit Wong-Onta, Adithep Sawatchai, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Wiparat Manuyakorn","doi":"10.12932/AP-310723-1664","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-310723-1664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction with rising incidence worldwide. Young children's limited ability to express symptoms adds unique diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study on anaphylaxis in children, including triggers, symptoms, treatment, atopic status impact, and adrenaline injection time intervals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-patient medical records of children who were diagnosed with anaphylaxis during 2014-2021 were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred thirty-three anaphylaxis events were identified. Food (47%) was the most common trigger, followed by drugs (31%), blood components (17%), insects (3%), and idiopathic causes (2%). Ten cases of refractory anaphylaxis, 2 cases of biphasic reactions, and 1 case of persistent anaphylaxis were found. There were no reported fatalities. The most common presentations involved the skin (94%), followed by the respiratory (73%), gastrointestinal (47%), and cardiovascular (42%) systems. In atopic patients, wheezing was more prominent than in those without atopy (p-value = 0.017). In the non-atopic patients, there was a higher incidence of cardiovascular symptoms, particularly hypotension (p-value = 0.001), compared to individuals with atopy. Children under 5 years old with mild-moderate anaphylaxis required more time to reach the hospital (147.0 vs. 45.0 minutes, p = 0.033) and to receive adrenaline injections (35.0 vs. 9.0 minutes, p-value = 0.017) than those with severe anaphylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Childhood anaphylaxis is prevalent. Children with mild-moderate anaphylaxis experienced delays in hospital visits and adrenaline administration. Education on allergies is needed to improve the identification and prompt response to anaphylactic reactions, especially in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate lymphoid cell population distributions and related gene expression characteristics in blood from allergic and nonallergic patients with eosinophilic asthma.","authors":"Byung-Keun Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Suh-Young Lee, Heung-Woo Park","doi":"10.12932/AP-140124-1765","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-140124-1765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (NAEA) is a distinct subtype of asthma. However, the immune mechanisms associated with NAEA are not yet clearly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of NAEA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proportion of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the blood of patients with allergic eosinophilic asthma (AEA) and NAEA was evaluated. Eosinophilic asthma was defined when fractional exhaled nitric oxide measured at diagnosis (before initiating anti-asthma medications) was greater than 50 ppb. We evaluated the genome-wide gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at enrollment (in a stable state).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 57 participants were enrolled (10 healthy controls, 23 patients with NAEA, and 24 patients with AEA). We found that the type 1 ILC (ILC1) proportion significantly decreased, but the type 2 ILC (ILC2) and type 3 ILC (ILC3) proportions significantly increased in the blood of both patients with NAEA and those with AEA compared with healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences in the ILC1~3 proportions between NAEA and AEA patients. We also identified distinct biological pathways in patients with NAEA (anti-viral pathway) or AEA (IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and neutrophil degranulation pathways) based on co-expressed gene modules showing significant correlations with the ILC proportions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ILC proportions in the blood did not differ between NAEA and AEA patients. However, different biological pathways were related to the ILC proportions in these patients. Our results provide further insight into eosinophilic airway inflammation in allergic and non-allergic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variations in Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) impact vitamin D level and asthma susceptibility across the four ethnic populations.","authors":"Miao-Hsi Hsieh, Natalia Paramonova, Brigita Gradauskiene Sitkauskiene, Ilva Trapina, Ingrida Rumba-Rozenfelde, Sonomjamts Munkhbayarlakh, Samanta Plavina, Nikolajs Sjakste, Daina Bastyte, Laura Tamasauskiene, Ieva Stakaitiene, Rasa Ugenskiene, Pei-Chi Chen, Jiu-Yao Wang, Lawrence Shih-Hsin Wu","doi":"10.12932/AP-240324-1825","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-240324-1825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma are associated with the vitamin D axis. Genetic variations of VDBP, notably rs7041 and rs4588, influence circulating vitamin D levels. However, data on their link to asthma are inconsistent, and ethnic differences remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We explored how genetic variations in VDBP affect vitamin D levels and susceptibility to asthma across diverse ethnic populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our cross-ethnic study, we analyzed vitamin D levels and VDBP polymorphisms (rs7041 and rs4588) in Taiwanese, Mongolian, Lithuanian, and Latvian populations. Our study included 363 asthmatic subjects and 481 non-asthma controls. We performed genotyping for rs7041 and rs4588 and assessed serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], examining the associations between VDBP polymorphisms, vitamin D levels, and asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant differences in vitamin D levels among ethnic groups. Non-asthmatic individuals from Taiwan had higher concentrations, while asthma subjects in both Taiwanese and Lithuanian populations showed lower levels compared to their non-asthma counterparts (both p-value < 0.001). VDBP polymorphisms were associated with asthma in the Latvian population, with the rs7041 GG vs. GT+TT showing an odds ratio (OR) of 1.72 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-2.69, p = 0.016) and the rs4588 CC vs. CA+AA showing an OR of 1.88 (95%CI: 1.24-2.84, p = 0.003). However, this association was not observed in other populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our cross-ethnic study underscores the intricate relationship between VDBP genetic variations, vitamin D levels, and asthma vulnerability. The association of VDBP polymorphisms with asthma seems to differ among populations, emphasizing the importance of a nuanced comprehension of these connections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of primary human nasal epithelial cells to COVID-19 vaccine candidate.","authors":"Phissinee Jakaew, Tuksin Jearanaiwitayakul, Panuwat Midoeng, Promsin Masrinoul, Panya Sunintaboon, Sukathida Ubol","doi":"10.12932/AP-230523-1623","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-230523-1623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper respiratory tract is the primary target of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, nasal immune responses act as the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aim to investigate the immune responses of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) upon stimulation with a COVID-19 vaccine candidate. This candidate named RBD-NPs is composed of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) encapsulated within the N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles (TMC-NPs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HNEpCs were stimulated with RBD-NPs, empty NPs, or soluble RBD at various concentrations. After 24 and 48 h of treatment, cells viability and delivery of the immunogens were assessed using XTT assay and flow cytometry. Levels of cytokines and chemokines in the supernatant were quantified with Bio-plex Human Cytokine Assay. Communication between RBD-NPs-stimulated HNEpCs and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) was assessed through differentiation of MoDCs into mature phenotype.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RBD-NPs as high as 100 μg exerted no toxicity to HNEpCs and could effectively be delivered to HNEpCs. Treatment of HNEpCs with RBD-NPs strongly activated production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, Th1-related cytokines and the monocytes/macrophages growth factors. Interestingly, soluble mediators secreted from RBD-NPs treated HNEpCs significantly upregulated the expression of maturation markers (CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR) on the MoDCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated that our COVID-19 vaccine candidate drove HNEpCs into immunologically competent cells that not only exerted anti-viral innate immune responses but also potently induced MoDCs maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139110731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the number of times for reuse of hemodialysis dialyzer through macrophage responses against dialyzer-eluted protein, a proposed method.","authors":"Thansita Bhunyakarnjanarat, Piyapun Prapunwatana, Khajohn Tiranathanagul, Asada Leelahavanichkul","doi":"10.12932/AP-101122-1500","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-101122-1500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the number of times dialyzer-reuse in hemodialysis is currently determined by the total volume of the dialyzer, the determination by macrophage activation using dialyzer-eluted protein might predict systemic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The pro-inflammatory activities of the proteins from 5- and 15-times reused dialyzers were tested as a proof of concept experiment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Accumulated proteins in dialyzers were eluted by the roller pump (the recirculation of 100 mL of buffer in a dialyzer with a roller pump at 15 mL/min for 2 h) or infusion procedures (infusion of 100 mL buffer in a dialyzer for 2 h) using chaotropic or potassium phosphate buffers (KPB) before the activation on macrophages cell lines (THP-1-derived human macrophages or RAW264.7 murine macrophages).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The concentrations of dialyzer-eluted protein from both methods were not different and the infusion procedure was further used. The eluted proteins (by both buffers) from 15-times-reused dialyzers reduced cell viability, increased supernatant cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and upregulated pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β and iNOS) in either THP-1-derived or RAW264.7 macrophages (higher responses in RAW264.7 cells) compared with the new dialyzer. Meanwhile, the 5-times-reused dialyzer protein did not reduce cell viability but enhanced some of these pro-inflammatory macrophage markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the simpler preparation of KPB over chaotropic buffer with an easier protocol of RAW264.7 over THP-1-derived macrophages, the responses of RAW264.7 against dialyzer-eluted protein with infusion method using KPB buffer were proposed for determination of the number of times dialyzer reuse in hemodialysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"252-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Delphi consensus on nebulized budesonide for adults with asthma and COPD.","authors":"Phunsup Wongsurakiat, Akrawat Rattanawongpaibul, Atikun Limsukon, Chirawat Chiewchalermsri, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Kittiyaporn Wiwatcharagoses, Kumpol Kornthatchapong, Narongkorn Saiphoklang, Pitsucha Sanguanwit, Pornanan Domthong, Tirachat Sewatanon, Wipa Reechaipichitkul, Theerasuk Kawamatawong","doi":"10.12932/AP-190824-1910","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-190824-1910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) represent an alternative treatment option to systemic corticosteroids (SCS) in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, detailed clinical guidance on the use of nebulized ICS, such as budesonide, in the management of asthma and COPD remains scarce.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the literature and develop Delphi consensus statements on the use of nebulized ICS for the management of asthma and COPD in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An expert panel of 13 respiratory physicians, comprising pulmonologists (n = 9), allergists (n = 1), and emergency department consultants (n = 3) from tertiary medical centers in Thailand, undertook a Delphi procedure with the aim of developing evidence-based consensus statements on the use of nebulized ICS in patients with asthma and COPD. Panelists used a 5-point Likert scale to score their agreement with each statement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 Delphi consensus statements pertaining to the use of nebulized ICS in the management of asthma and COPD in both acute and maintenance care were developed. The overall consensus of the panel across the 12 statements was very high (mean agreement score, 4.2-4.9/5). The panelists expressed strongest consensus agreement (84.6% strong agreement) with the following two statements: 1) inhalation devices are the cornerstone of drug delivery in patients with asthma and COPD, and 2) for adult asthma and COPD patients with severe exacerbations, nebulization is more suitable for drug delivery than a pMDI plus spacer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nebulized budesonide is an effective and well tolerated treatment option for the management of asthma and COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"103-113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and circRNA and their clinical implications in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.","authors":"Hui Li, Muhan Shi, Yuxiao Wu, Shien Huang, Congli Geng, Yan Liu, Xiaopei Yuan, Zhimin Xing, Deyun Wang, Lisheng Yu, Min Wang","doi":"10.12932/AP-140123-1529","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-140123-1529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with complex pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CRSwNP are incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic characteristics, ceRNA networks, and whether these molecular markers play a role in the occurrence and development of CRSwNP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following RNA sequencing, a ceRNA network was predicted and constructed based on the sequencing results and multiple databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and disease ontology (DO) were applied to analyze the potential mechanisms in relation to the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the immune cell infiltration levels in CRSwNP. The candidate genes of differentially expressed (DE) mRNA, DE-lncRNA, DE-miRNA, and DE-circRNA were verified by RT-qPCR, and the back-splice junction of circRNA was verified using Sanger sequencing. The clinical significance of differentially expressed genes was analyzed with correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 716 DE-mRNA, 230 DE-lncRNA, 42 DE-miRNA, and 46 DE-circRNA, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that they were involved in multiple biological pathways, predominantly those associated with immunity and inflammation. DO analysis revealed CRSwNP is associated with diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and allergic reactions. High expression of circ_0021727 was significantly and positively correlated with several important clinical indicators, and the area under the curve was 0.741.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides transcriptomic characteristics, which are potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CRSwNP.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"39-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9822542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ligation of CD4 molecules, expressed on monocytes by an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, inhibits T cell activation and monocyte mobility.","authors":"Witida Laopajon, Passaworn Cheyasawan, Supansa Pata, Nuchjira Takheaw, Watchara Kasinrerk","doi":"10.12932/AP-150123-1532","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-150123-1532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CD4, a leukocyte surface glycoprotein, is mainly expressed on CD4+ T cells, but is also expressed on monocytes. The difference in the expression level and structure of CD4 on T cells and monocytes predicts the different functions of this molecule in both cell types. Although the function of CD4 on T cells is well characterized, little is known about that expressed on primary monocytes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated the immunoregulation function of CD4 on peripheral blood monocytes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Methods: CD4 molecule on monocyte was ligated by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), MT4/3. The effect of mAb MT4/3 on T cell proliferation, cytokine production, the expression of monocyte costimulatory molecules, monocyte migration, and macrophage differentiation were investigated. Moreover, the molecular weight of CD4 on peripheral blood monocyte was carried out by Western immunoblotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that mAb MT4/3 inhibited anti-CD3 induced T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and the expression of monocyte costimulatory molecules. The ligation of only CD4 on monocytes was sufficient to inhibit T cell activation. Moreover, mAb MT4/3 could inhibit monocyte migration in a transwell migration assay, but not affect the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Using purified primary monocytes, the molecular weight of CD4 expressed on monocytes was identified as 55 kDa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CD4 molecule expressed on monocytes might play an important role in the regulation of immune responses in both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding the novel role of CD4 on monocytes in immunoregulation is valuable in the development of new therapeutic approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"230-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dyslipidemia, obesity, and atopic status on exhaled and alveolar nitric oxide in asthmatic children.","authors":"Pakvirin Nanakorn Chanachon, Adithep Sawatchai, Wanlapa Jotikasthira, Potjanee Kiewngam, Watcharoot Kanchongkittiphon, Wiparat Manuyakorn","doi":"10.12932/AP-230123-1534","DOIUrl":"10.12932/AP-230123-1534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to a pro-inflammatory state. Eosinophilic airway inflammation can be indirectly measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) produced in the airways of asthmatic subjects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and alveolar NO in asthmatic children with and without dyslipidemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Asthmatic children (5-18 years old) had fasting serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations, and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations measured. FeNO was measured at constant flow rates of 20, 50, 100, and 300 ml/s by the chemiluminescence method. NO concentrations in tissue of the upper airways (CawNO) and the total flux of NO in the conducting airways (JawNO) were determined through FeNO at 20, 100, and 300 ml/s using a mathematical model. The atopic status was assessed using the skin prick test for aero-allergens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred forty-one asthmatic children were enrolled with a mean (standard deviation) age of 11.82 (3.38) years. Sixty-four (45.4%) children had dyslipidemia and 20 (14.2%) were obese. Children with low HDL-C concentrations had significantly higher CawNO and JawNO than those with normal HDL-C concentrations (both p = 0.03). Asthmatic children with obesity had higher CRP concentrations than those with a normal weight (p < 0.001). Atopic children had a significantly higher FeNO, CawNO, and JawNO than non-atopic children (all p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests an effect of HDL-C on CawNO and JawNO in asthmatic children. An intervention that normalizes HDL-C concentrations may be beneficial for airway inflammation in asthmatic children.</p>","PeriodicalId":8552,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology","volume":" ","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10344125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}