Problems of economic transition最新文献_第5页

Investments in HealthCare, Life Expectancy, and Economic Growth 对医疗保健、预期寿命和经济增长的投资

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2113312

A.A. Erakhtina

引用次数: 1

Influence of the Crisis on Saint Petersburg’s Public Health and the Goals of Social Policy 危机对圣彼得堡公共卫生的影响及社会政策目标

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2113309

B. Korneichuk

{"title":"Influence of the Crisis on Saint Petersburg’s Public Health and the Goals of Social Policy","authors":"B. Korneichuk","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2113309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2113309","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The goal of this article is to assess the influence of the 2014 economic crisis on the health of Saint Petersburg’s residents. The conventional hypothesis holds that the crisis negatively affected the public’s health and living environment. This hypothesis was tested by looking at changes in more than twenty public health indicators and factors affecting public health. In order to assess precrisis trends, a linear trend was constructed for each indicator and factor, and extrapolated values were calculated for 2015 and 2016. Deviations from these trends were the main measures of the crisis’s effect on these indicators. This research uncovered negative deviations from the trends of all indicators, but there were especially significant deviations in environmental protection, health care resources, and consumption of a number of foods. It is shown that the city’s current program for health care development has understated target values and does not take into account ecological factors. This reduces its effectiveness as an instrument of regional social policy. The proposed method calculates scientifically justified targets for programs to rebuild the city’s social services.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48469109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Value of Yakutian Horse Meat for Extension of Human Life in the North 雅库特马肉在北方延年益寿中的价值

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2113311

S. Sukneva, K. A. Petrov, A. S. Barashkova, A. A. Perk

引用次数: 0

Health Characteristics of the Working Age Population of the Siberian Federal Okrug 西伯利亚联邦直辖区劳动年龄人口的健康特征

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2113313

M. I. Voevoda, V. Chernyshev, O.V. Strel’chenko, I. F. Mingazov

{"title":"Health Characteristics of the Working Age Population of the Siberian Federal Okrug","authors":"M. I. Voevoda, V. Chernyshev, O.V. Strel’chenko, I. F. Mingazov","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2113313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2113313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The share of Russia’s working age population is gradually decreasing. According to the forecasts, in 2026, the total population will have decreased by 4.3 percent, and the working age population will have decreased by 16.4 percent. This will reduce its share in the age structure to 55.1 percent (in 2008, it was 63.2 percent). For this reason, the health of these citizens, cause of death analyses, and measures to reduce mortality acquire particular importance. The goal of this research is to study the status, dynamics, and characteristic features of morbidity, including occupational morbidity, and causes of death of the working age population of the Siberian Federal Okrug (SFO). Drawing on an analysis of the morbidity and mortality literature with respect to working age people in the SFO and Russia, as well as on the statistical data of the regional health authorities of the SFO, the authors concluded that the health of Siberia’s working age population is noticeably worse than the Russian average. In this case, morbidity, both for the first diagnosis and overall morbidity, continues to grow. Mortality is decreasing over time, but the decrease is slower than for the country as a whole. Therefore, for seven years, the mortality of the SFO has lagged the all-Russian value by an increasing amount, from 14.8 to 17.25 percent. The mortality structure shows the increased influence (relative to the Russian Federation as a whole) of external causes such as murder, suicide, poisoning by alcohol substitutes, and others. Despite the sizable decrease in the number of fatal accidents at the workplace (per 1000 people), the SFO’s indicator is only outrunning that of the Far Eastern and Volga Federal Okrugs.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"34 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44997389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alleged and Actual Economic Effectiveness of Fighting Forest Fires in Siberia 西伯利亚森林火灾扑救的据称和实际经济效益

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2113315

B. Porfir’ev

引用次数: 0

Regional Characteristics of Demographic Aging in Russia 俄罗斯人口老龄化的区域特征

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2020.2082189

L. Popova, E. Zorina

{"title":"Regional Characteristics of Demographic Aging in Russia","authors":"L. Popova, E. Zorina","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2020.2082189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2020.2082189","url":null,"abstract":"Demographic aging refers to an increase in the proportion of middle-aged and old people in the population of a territory as a whole. It is currently a global challenge that touches upon practically all countries and affects all groups of the population. It has various aspects and many economic, social, and political consequences. In the economic sphere, it affects economic growth, savings, investments, consumption, the labor market, pensions, taxation, and intergenerational transfers. In the social sphere, it affects family structures, living conditions, housing requirements, migration trends, epidemiological situations, and demand for medical services. Finally, in the political sphere, it can influence election results and the system of political representation. The UN published its first report on demographic aging more than 60 years ago, in 1956, and by the beginning of the 1980s, this problem had become global in nature. Thus, in 1982, the United Nations held its First World Assembly on Ageing where it declared that this process is one of the priority problems facing humanity. Next, in 1991, the UN General Assembly recommended that the governments of all countries include the UN principles for older persons in their national programs. These principles include independence, participation, care, self-fulfillment, and dignity. The United Nations also declared 1999 to be the International Year of Older Persons. Finally, in 2002, the United Nations conducted the Second World Assembly on Ageing. The international plan of action developed at the assembly focused on three priority directions for improving the lives of older people in the population: older people and the development of society; advancing the health and well-being of","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"62 1","pages":"840 - 854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49167352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Pension Systems of CIS Countries: Outcomes of Their Transformations and Paths to Improvement 独联体国家的养老金制度：转型的结果和改进之路

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2020.2082195

V. Roik

{"title":"The Pension Systems of CIS Countries: Outcomes of Their Transformations and Paths to Improvement","authors":"V. Roik","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2020.2082195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2020.2082195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS] have been reforming their pension systems since 1991. The change in social order and transition of the countries of the former Soviet Union to a market economy necessitated the fundamental transformation of all basic institutions and mechanisms of government social support. This resulted in following: the formation of social and corporate insurance systems; legislatively introduced insurance payments from employers and workers, thereby improving the balance of pension fund budgets; and the formation of information systems to account for insurance rights and facilitate the process of awarding pensions. All countries of the Commonwealth increased their retirement ages, and many introduced funded, voluntary, and corporate pensions. At the same time, efficient institutions providing pension insurance and government social support have yet to be fully developed. By the end of 2017, pension insurance in Commonwealth countries covered no more then 40–50 percent of the economically active population. This is fraught with the emergence of a crisis in pension provision. In order to halt the effects of such a crisis, the government will probably have to increase its expenditures on various social payments and need-based benefits. However, there is still no solution to the challenges of how to increase pensions and ensure the financial stability of pension systems. This article reviews issues connected to the transformation of pension insurance systems. It attempts to uncover typical problems and proposes solutions.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"62 1","pages":"874 - 889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poverty Among Pensioners in the Russian Federation: Causes and the Environment for a Reduction 俄罗斯联邦养老金领取者的贫困：减少贫困的原因和环境

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2020.2082188

А. Solov’ev

{"title":"Poverty Among Pensioners in the Russian Federation: Causes and the Environment for a Reduction","authors":"А. Solov’ev","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2020.2082188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2020.2082188","url":null,"abstract":"The fight against poverty among pensioners is the main goal of pension reform based on the insurance principles of the market economy. However, accomplishment of this goal always, to one degree or another, comes into conflict with the second most important goal of pension reform: long-term financial stability, that is, the financial security of the government’s pension obligations. In addition, this situation is complicated by the increased influence of global and national market risks (macroeconomic and social and labor [the labor market]) on the pension system, since the insurance approach used to generate pension rights is based, along with wages, on pension contributions as part of the cost of labor power. Both of these goals characterize the main pillar of the Russian pension system, mandatory pension insurance (MPI). In order to overcome poverty among pensioners, the pension reform sets the following target: By 2030, insurance pensions should reach 2.5–3.0 times the minimum subsistence level of a pensioner (MSLP). However, given the forecasted macroeconomic environment and pension legislation currently in effect, estimates indicate that the average old-age pension at that time will be no more than 1.7 times the MSLP. Therefore, to meet this objective given the 2014–2016 budgetary and financial crisis, both parametric and institutional measures are needed to improve the material security of pensioners. A pensioner’s main source of income is the pension, which, depending on existence and length of work years of service and earnings, is paid either from the mandatory pension insurance system (insurance and funded pensions) or from the government pension system.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"62 1","pages":"804 - 839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45371096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Market Competition in the Collective Investment of Pension Savings 养老金储蓄集体投资中的市场竞争

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2020.2082184

G. Fatkhlislamova

引用次数: 0

Without Relying on a Pension 不依赖养老金

Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2020.2082187

I. Voronov

引用次数: 0