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Heat Supply Reform: Implications for Consumers in the Far East 供热改革:对远东地区消费者的影响
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2142449
S. Naiden, O. V. Demina
{"title":"Heat Supply Reform: Implications for Consumers in the Far East","authors":"S. Naiden, O. V. Demina","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2142449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2142449","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACt As new legislation concerning the heat supply is put into effect, this article considers its possible consequences for the population of the Far East, which is one of the main consumers of heat supply services in Russia. The article shows that as recipients of this service, Far East residents are limited in their ability to manage the volumes of their consumption. By considering individual Far East regions and cities, we estimate the ability of the population to pay for heat supply services. Despite the regulation of heat tariffs, the burden on Far East residents remains higher than in the rest of country due to higher regional rates and consumption volumes. As the new method of the so-called “alternative boiler plant” is put into effect, a new regulated heat tariff will be introduced in the Far East, which will result in an increase in payments by 1.7–3.1 times. This will inevitably raise the debt risk of enterprises and require the government to spend more money on social welfare support.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"287 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44913863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Supply of Heat to Consumers Under Market Conditions: Current State and Developmental Trends 市场条件下的消费者供热:现状与发展趋势
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2142448
V. Stennikov, A. Penkovskii
{"title":"The Supply of Heat to Consumers Under Market Conditions: Current State and Developmental Trends","authors":"V. Stennikov, A. Penkovskii","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2142448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2142448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article discusses several models and methods for managing the supply of heat to consumers inside a market economy. The main organizational forms of heating systems are described via the models of a “unified heat supply organization” and a “single buyer,” which can be implemented in the population centers of the Russian Federation. We offer an analysis of various types of competition in the thermal energy market and describe the effects that can be achieved when they are implemented. Based on the example of Russia’s large district heating systems, we show the negative consequences resulting from the introduction of the “alternative boiler plant” method, which is a new target model for the Russian thermal energy market.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"277 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48096745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effects of Institutions on Economic Development: Developed and Post-Communist Nations 制度对经济发展的影响：发达国家和后共产主义国家
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2147343
Ismatilla Mardanov
{"title":"The Effects of Institutions on Economic Development: Developed and Post-Communist Nations","authors":"Ismatilla Mardanov","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2147343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2147343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The comparative causal effects of democracy and democratization on economic development in developed and post-communist nations (PCN) are the subject of the present study. The research question is, “Would democratization and established democracy cause economic development through economic institutions?” The instrumental variable estimation indicates that economic institutions created by their political systems (instrumental variables) had strong negative effects on economic growth in PCN. Political institutions were not instrumental variables in developed countries with their economic development. This fact indicates that only democratization, not established democracy, serves as an instrumental variable in economic development.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"444 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Causes and Effects of Discouragement in the Working-Age Population 劳动年龄人口受挫的原因和影响
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141544
S. Zemlianukhina, N. Zemlianukhina
{"title":"The Causes and Effects of Discouragement in the Working-Age Population","authors":"S. Zemlianukhina, N. Zemlianukhina","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Similar to unemployment, the indicator of discouragement provides a specific measurement of a certain segment of the working-age population who are not employed and do not receive a wage. Unlike unemployment, discouragement accounts for those people who are not searching for paying jobs due to a variety of causes such as disillusionment with their job prospects, low education, and family obligations (e.g., child care). This article considers the causes and consequences of discouragement in Russia and its relation to both individual people and society as a whole. After identifying several causes of discouragement (e.g., improved quality of life, poor work ethic, and income inequality) and considering its negative impact on society (e.g., reduced economic development, lower quality of life), this article proposes that discouragement can be reduced by raising wages, improving working conditions, and developing special work and education programs for young people.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"203 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On How to Improve the Training and Certification of Scientific Staff 浅谈如何提高科技人员的培训与认证水平
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141542
A. Todosiichuk
{"title":"On How to Improve the Training and Certification of Scientific Staff","authors":"A. Todosiichuk","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Only highly qualified personnel, especially scientists and specialists, can develop new technologies and solve the complex challenges of a rapidly changing world. The article describes the current state of scientific higher education in Russia, identifies several salient functions of the education system (e.g., awarding degrees, providing scholarships, forming dissertation councils), and considers how these functions can be performed with greater efficiency in order to improve higher education and science. To increase the efficiency of graduate programs in Russia, the Higher Education Commission should be allowed to propose priority areas of scientific research, to assess Russia’s demand for scientists, and to influence scientific education according to the identified priorities. The network of postgraduate and doctoral programs, as well as the formation of dissertation councils, should be revised at the legislative level to better utilize existing resources and direct scientific progress. In addition, it is necessary to improve the public administration of science, to restructure the network of postgraduate and doctoral programs, and to provide government funds for the training of scientific personnel that are demanded by the scientific labor market.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"189 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43363419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Standard and Quality of Life in the Republic of Buryatia 布里亚特共和国的生活水平和质量
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141532
D. Dugarzhapova
{"title":"The Standard and Quality of Life in the Republic of Buryatia","authors":"D. Dugarzhapova","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141532","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article presents a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic indicators of the standard and quality of life in the Republic of Buryatia. Based on a system of social standards, the author considers the differentiation of the populations’ standard and quality of life in 2012–2016. The dynamics of the monetary incomes of the population are analyzed and certain features are highlighted. An increase in per-capita income is described against the background of a slight decrease in the degree of differentiation by income and a high degree of heterogeneity regarding the population’s well-being. These features of income generation are underpinned by low wages among certain types of employees and by significant unemployment among the population. It is concluded that a regional stimulus policy should be adopted to support the kind of economic development that will reduce the income gap of various population groups in the region.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"93 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46331435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Municipal Budget Expenditures and Per Capita Incomes in the Russian Arctic 俄罗斯北极地区的市政预算支出和人均收入
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141538
E. Emelyanova, A. Chapargina
{"title":"Municipal Budget Expenditures and Per Capita Incomes in the Russian Arctic","authors":"E. Emelyanova, A. Chapargina","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study assesses the financial capacity of Russia’s Arctic municipalities and evaluates the wages of Arctic employees working in the education and health care sectors. Research was conducted in three areas: the budget capacity of the social spheres; the standard of living and incomes of employees working in socially significant areas; and the social orientation of municipal budgets in the Russian Arctic. The author’s method of assessing the participation of the state in the life of the population made it possible to formulate a number of proposals for improving the social spheres of the urban districts of the Russian Arctic. The study shows that education and health care have declined in the urban districts of the Russian Arctic, due to lower budgetary spending and a slowdown in the growth of wages. It is concluded that socially significant industries must be further developed using both budgetary and extrabudgetary resources, which could be procured through public–private partnerships.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"161 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Infantile Disorder of Education: How Long Will It Continue? (An Open Letter to Russian Minister of Education O.Y. Vasilieva) 幼儿教育障碍:会持续多久?(致俄罗斯教育部长瓦西里耶娃的公开信)
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141539
V. Afanasyeva
{"title":"The Infantile Disorder of Education: How Long Will It Continue? (An Open Letter to Russian Minister of Education O.Y. Vasilieva)","authors":"V. Afanasyeva","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141539","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This open letter is addressed to Russian Minister of Education O.Y. Vasilieva and asks the minister to change the “Federal Program for the Development of Russian Education in 2016−2020,” because it is incapable of solving the major problems facing Russian education, especially in the case of higher education. The author describes five major problems facing the Russian academic community: lack of funding, over-bureaucratization, dishonesty and plagiarism, commercialization, and the fear and uncertainty that currently permeate Russian academia. To solve these issues, more public funding is needed to alleviate the workload of professors and to encourage hardworking and talented students to respect and pursue academic excellence.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"174 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59610288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preserving Human Capital in Eastern Russia: The Lives of Teachers and HealthCare Professionals After the May Decrees 保护俄罗斯东部的人力资本：五月法令后教师和医疗保健专业人员的生活
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141536
I. Glazyrina, L. Faleichik
{"title":"Preserving Human Capital in Eastern Russia: The Lives of Teachers and HealthCare Professionals After the May Decrees","authors":"I. Glazyrina, L. Faleichik","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141536","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article considers several socioeconomic processes to analyze changes in the social services of federal subjects in the south of the Russian Far East and Baikal region following the reforms initiated by President Putin’s 2012 May Decrees. According to the Romer–Lucas model, increasing knowledge and improving the quality of human capital are key conditions for the long-term development of territories; therefore, the state of health care and education is one of the most important factors in solving the geopolitical problems of eastern Russian. Research has shown that at least in the public sector the recent reform of the social services has failed to improve the individual wealth of workers or to increase the availability of education and health care services. This is equally true for the border regions, where the new measures caused institutional transformations, and for the Baikal region, which was “not covered” by these measures. The results of the study confirmed the thesis that in the regional policy of the East, it is important to emphasize the quality rather than quantity of investment—the extent to which it improves the basic conditions determining the citizens’ quality of life.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"133 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Regional Human Capital Distribution and Economic Development 区域人力资本配置的有效性与经济发展
Problems of economic transition Pub Date : 2022-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611991.2022.2141550
I. S. Bukina, A. Odintsova, P. Orekhovsky
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Regional Human Capital Distribution and Economic Development","authors":"I. S. Bukina, A. Odintsova, P. Orekhovsky","doi":"10.1080/10611991.2022.2141550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611991.2022.2141550","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article considers the relationship between the size of human capital, human migration, investment in human capital, and economic growth. We apply a modified version of the gravity model, according to which migration flows are directed toward megacities (gravity centers). First, our model incorporates the cost of human migration (associated with lower returns on human capital due to the growing cost of living in megacities), and second, it incorporates the elasticity coefficient, which is influenced by the quality of regional government. Several hypothesized correlations are tested: between investment in fixed assets and regional human capital; between migration and human capital; between migration and the presence of megacities in a region; and between migration and investment in human capital. We estimate how much revenue is lost because of the current regional structure of the economy and conclude that regional structural changes in the Russian economy are inevitable.","PeriodicalId":85345,"journal":{"name":"Problems of economic transition","volume":"63 1","pages":"257 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44944446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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