Eastern Africa social science research review最新文献

{"title":"Socio-Cultural Dynamics of the khomba Cultural Practice","authors":"William Muchono, M. Naidu","doi":"10.1353/eas.2020.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2020.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This descriptive and exploratory paper looks at how the khomba cultural practice that is ostensibly positioned as transitioning the girl child from adolescence to adulthood and is used to ‘construct the female body’. The study focuses on the Shangaan people of the Mahenye community in the south eastern part of Zimbabwe and draws from narratives and experiences of both men and women via semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The paper also contextualises how the practice of khomba culturally creates the ‘female body’ and how it strengthens masculinity behaviours amongst the Shangaan people. The paper describes and analyses khomba as a rite of passage and considers how it defines what a ‘real woman’ is, according to the Shangaan belief system. The researchers noted that the cultural practice of khomba is used as a tool or vehicle to create the ‘female’ or ‘cultural body’ and strengthens masculinity behaviours.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"6 1","pages":"81 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89464270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Primary School Instructional Processes in Promoting Peace, Harmony, and Conflict Management in Government Primary Schools of the Addis Ababa City Government, Ethiopia: Implications for Teacher Education","authors":"Demis Zergaw","doi":"10.1353/eas.2020.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2020.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ethiopia has been suffering from absence of peace and recurrent conflicts emanating mainly from lack of tolerance of ethnic and religious differences. The purpose of the current study, therefore, is examining the contribution of primary school instructional processes to the prevalence of peace and harmony and reduction of conflicts and the implication it has for teacher education. A descriptive study design using quantitative method was used to study the current situation in schools. The instrument used for the study was questionnaire. Fifty per cent of teachers undergoing in-service education in the Addis Ababa University in the 2017–18 Academic Year were selected as sample using stratified simple random sampling technique. The validity of the instrument was determined using expert opinions and reliability was established by administering the questionnaire to 10 non-participating teachers. Data were collected by the researcher and an assistant and analyzed using mean, percentage and one way ANOVA. Outcomes suggested that the contents of harmony and conflict were not adequately taught and, consequently, lacked sufficient internalization by students Based on the outcomes, it was concluded that the contribution of instructional processes to the prevalence of peace and mitigation of conflicts was not sufficient. It was, thus, recommended that teachers should more extensively teach about the contents of peace and harmony. Moreover, the teacher education curriculum should include these same contents, and teachers need to be trained in the ways they could better teach the concepts and promote cooperation and collaboration among students.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"64 1","pages":"63 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83683162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mononationalism and Multiculturalism in Korea","authors":"Jung-hyuk Kim, Hwang Ki-Sik, Song Moon-Seok","doi":"10.18859/ssrr.2019.11.35.4.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18859/ssrr.2019.11.35.4.177","url":null,"abstract":"본 논문에서는 단일민족주의 국가인 한국에서 다문화를 수용하고 공존하는 방안에 대하여 연구한다. 한국은 빠르게 ‘다인종 · 다문화사회’로 접어들고 있다. 통상 외국인 주민의 비율이 5%를 넘으면 다문화 사회에 진입한 것으로 보고 있는데 2019년 8월 국내체류외국인 비율은 4.7%에 달하고 있다. 대한민국의 특징은 인종, 언어, 문화적 동질성을 가지는 순혈의 ‘단일민족국가’이다. 따라서 다문화 수용태도도 문화적 다양성을 인정하는 ‘다문화주의’가 아니라 한국의 지배문화로 동화하는 것을 장려하는 배타적 ‘동화주의’ 입장을 취하고 있다. 한국의 ‘민족주의’는 국가와 국민의 자존심이고 남북통일의 명분이기 때문에 없어질 수도 없다. 그러나 세계화와 한국경제의 높은 대외의존도, 저출산, 고령화라는 새로운 사회적 변화 속에서 한국 역시 다문화사회로의 이행은 불가피하고 그 전환속도도 점점 더 빨라질 것으로 보인다. 이렇게 ‘우리’라는 의식이 강한 한국의 민족주의와 다문화가 공존할 수밖에 없는 현실에서, 대한민국의 정체성을 유지시키면서 다문화를 수용하는 한국적 다문화 수용태도는 ‘다문화민족주의’와 ‘선별적수용’으로 요약된다. 국경없는 하나의 지구촌이 된 오늘날 다문화사회가 추구해야 할 이상은 다양한 인종, 언어, 문화의 조화로운 공존을 통해 행복한 삶의 실현에 있다. 따라서 다문화사회에 대한 보다 체계적인 연구와 함께 민족주의가 강한 한국에서의 다문화수용태도의 방향성을 정하는 것은 큰 의미가 있다.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83160055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Congenital Deafness on Language and Cognitive Development of Primary Schools Deaf Students in Addis Ababa","authors":"Alemayehu Teklemariam","doi":"10.1353/eas.2019.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2019.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study explores the effects of congenitally profound deafness on language and cognitive development of deaf students in primary schools, in Addis Ababa. A qualitative case study design was used to investigate the problem by selecting four deaf students, their mothers and two teachers using purposive sampling. Interview was employed as the main instrument for collecting data from participants of the study and observation and focus group discussion were used to supplement data obtained through interviews. Data were analysed using themes and narrations. The outcomes of the study suggest that the language and cognitive development of deaf students were significantly limited due mainly to the inadequacy of the socio-linguistic environment provided for them. It is, therefore, essential to understand deaf students properly and help parents, school administration and teachers to provide the environment suitable for them to obtain better education.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"90 10 1","pages":"28 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83911113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livelihood impacts of Development-induced Displacements: An investigation into Post-Project livelihoods of PAPs","authors":"Ataklti Gebreyesus, Shishay Tadesse","doi":"10.1353/eas.2019.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2019.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This research was conducted with the primary objective of assessing the Livelihood impacts of Development-induced Displacements on Project Affected People (PAP). The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) underpins this research and a descriptive study with both qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data; whereas conceptual interpretation and coding and developing category systems applied to analyze qualitative data. Thus, Negative impacts for the affected people were economic in that PAPs were displaced from their farmlands and were forced to practice farming on a smaller pieces of land. Financial Compensation paid to PAPs was also not adequate enough to restore livelihoods. Despite small in number, there were also some PAPs who benefited from wise use of compensation money and whose asset ownership increased. Jobs requiring unskilled and semi-skilled labor also expanded in the study areas following the projects. In general, despite some who benefited directly or indirectly, as a result of the projects; the negative side of the projects outweighed to a majority of the PAPs.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"27 1","pages":"123 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84886370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Credit Constraints On Intensity Of Fertilzer Adoption And Agriclutural Productivity In Amhara Region, Ethiopia: An Endogenous Switching Regression Analysis","authors":"Mulat Goshu Gebeyehu","doi":"10.1353/eas.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Access to finance to the rural households is a powerful intervention to facilitate the adoption of farm inputs and boost agricultural productivity in developing countries like Ethiopia. Credit constraints limit the ability of households to use inputs at optimal level and thereby stifles agricultural productivity. However, evaluation of the impact of credit constraints on agricultural technology adoption and productivity have faced methodological problems and most of the existing studies have failed to explicitly measure and analyze the amount of productivity loss and the magnitude increase in intensity of fertilizer adoption if the farm households are found credit unconstrained. This study has examined the possible effect of credit constraint on the intensity of fertilizer adoption and productivity among households who vary in their credit constraint status. The study used cross sectional farm household level data collected in 2013 from 1165 randomly sampled households. An endogenous switching regression model is used for analytical purpose so as to account for selection bias and heterogeneity problem. The result evidence that intensity of fertilizer adoption and agriculture productivity would be higher among farm households who are found to be credit unconstrained. The result revealed that factors that affect the intensity of fertilizer adoption and agriculture productivity among credit constrained farm households are different from their counterparts. Age and age square of the household head, primary cooperative membership, number of Oxen, ownership of TV, hired labor as dummy and use of manure have significant effect on the intensity of fertilizer adoption among credit unconstrained regimes. Whereas, household size, altitude of land, ownership of land, way of land cultivation, and being risk averse household have significant effect on the intensity of fertilizer adoption in the credit constrained regimes. The result shown that size of land has negative and significant effect on the intensity of fertilizer adoption in the constrained regime while it has positive and significant effect on the intensity of adoption in the unconstrained regime. Age and age square of the household head, TLU, hired labor as dummy are the factors that significantly affect the productivity in the unconstrained regimes. The number of oxen and distance of farm land from residence also affect the productivity. Land size has found the significant and negative effect on the productivity in the constrained regime, but it has the positive and significant effect in the credit constrained regime. The policy implication is that the policy makers should account the credit constraint heterogeneity among farm households when they design agricultural policy to increase intensity of fertilizer adoption and thereby boost productivity of agriculture.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"7 1","pages":"100 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85256762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Social Inclusion in the Cashew Nut Value Chain: The Role of Women and Youth in Agro Processing in Tanzania","authors":"P. Mihyo, Z. Mihyo, Stella Msami, Mbarwa Kivuyo, Audax Rukonge","doi":"10.1353/eas.2019.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2019.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The main thrust of the article is that women and youth play significant roles in the cashew nut value chain, that is, from production, processing, to marketing and trade but they face more constraints than other social groups, especially in production, processing and marketing because of lack of ownership and access to productive resources such as land, credit, and membership in marketing cooperatives. Their lack of recognition deprives them of opportunities to enter into gainful transactions that can improve their working capital, activities and productivity. Their production and processing activities still depend on crude, hazardous, ineffective and inefficient inputs, implements and technologies. Furthermore, they lack the necessary knowledge, confidence and networks that can help them to secure access to inputs and markets without having to go through intermediaries. In addition, they also lack the necessary information, knowledge and skills that can help them to comply with the national regulations for registering of food processing enterprises, national and international food quality standards to qualify them to take part in dynamic domestic and export markets. The article recommends a gender and youth inclusive approach that increases women and youth entitlement to the ownership of productive assets, access to credit, awareness of technical standards required for cashew nuts on local and international markets and modern equipment and technology.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"10 1","pages":"29 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84203668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ebola Shapes Society: No Partner, No Family, No Friends","authors":"Jerome Wotsuna Eria Olowo Ntege*, W. Khamalwa, E. O. Onyango","doi":"10.1353/eas.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ebola is examined as a Critical Event which shaped the communities in Bundibugyo district. The local framing of ebola epidemic 2007-8 as a curse to the particular ethnic groups affected the social networks and individual identities within communities. Ethnographic interviews and observations among victims of ebola were used as data, and a phenomenological approach was used to guide the research process. The paper recovers the lost moments and experiences of ebola survivors. The epidemic altered the socio-cultural set-up of the community and its impact have lasted for a long time; including stigma, discrimination, trauma, poverty and the orphan problem.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"99 1","pages":"101 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76736745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Native Advertising Recognition and Perception of Deception on Advertising Effect and Trust in the Newspapers - With a focus on native advertising (article- and card news-type native advertising) in Hankyoreh","authors":"Jeongki Lee","doi":"10.18859/ssrr.2019.8.35.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18859/ssrr.2019.8.35.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78071915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Factors for Making Residents Feel ‘at home’ in Long-Term Care Facilities in South Korea","authors":"Eun-hee Lee","doi":"10.18859/ssrr.2019.8.35.3.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18859/ssrr.2019.8.35.3.131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}