Eastern Africa social science research review最新文献

{"title":"Socioeconomic Impacts Of Large-Scale Agricultural Investment In The Upper Awash River Basin, Central Rift Valley Of Ethiopia","authors":"Almaz Deche, Mohammed A. Assen, Shimeles Damene, P. Satyal","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In recent years, sub–Saharan African countries including Ethiopia have largely targeted large-scale agricultural investment (LAI) on the grounds of economic growth, employment and income generation, but with little consideration of its potential impacts on local smallholder farmers. Using evidence from the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (CRVE), this study provides an in-depth analysis of the socioeconomic impacts of LAIs, particularly on the local smallholder farmers, based on data collected through a household survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. For the purpose, descriptive and inferential statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were used to interpret the data. Our study found that the LAI has many positive socioeconomic benefits to the local communities, as measured by technological transfer, employment opportunity and local infrastructure development. However, those farmers who were able to access LAI had better positive socioeconomic benefits while those who could not access LAI (particularly the smallholder farmers) were disproportionately disadvantaged. Nonetheless, LAI motivated and prompted some farmers to use improved agricultural technologies, including irrigation, better crop varieties, chemical fertilizer and engagement in alternative sources of income such as shopkeeping, selling manufactured products and food and drinks to farm employees and casual employment opportunities within the LAI. This has resulted in improvement of the livelihood status of some farming households. Despite several positive impacts, some negative impacts, such as loss of farmlands, reduced numbers of livestock, increased price of farmland for renting, have disproportionately affected the livelihoods of local smallholder households. In light of these findings, we conclude that scaling up of agricultural technologies and targeted support to smallholder farmers for alternative income sources (with technical and financial support) could improve their livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"26 1","pages":"59 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74140711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology Of Language Acquisition In Young Children And Implications For Language Education Policy Making","authors":"Solomon Areaya, Daniel Tefera, B. Tefera, Demis Zergaw","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Above and beyond political implications, proper language policy planning and implementation assume a paramount role in educational practices as well. Addressing language issues to a required level of satisfaction is, therefore, a critical factor for educational quality. The objective of this paper is, then, to explore the psychological dimensions of language acquisition and learning among young children in Ethiopia and draw implications for proper language policy making. It attempts to examine psychological processes, determinants, and implications of language acquisition, and L2, L3 learning. Pursuant on this goal, existing psychological theories of language development were critically reviewed at the beginning. This theoretical review was followed by consultations of international and African experiences to learn from practices. Furthermore, Ethiopian experiences were also brought to the fore and reflected up on based on theoretical and practical experiences. Then, implications were drawn for better language planning and implementation in the country.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"104 1","pages":"37 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83166229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaggregation Of Sources Of Income Inequality In Sudan","authors":"N. Maglad, Omer Eltayeb O. Mustafa","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This paper examines income inequality in Sudan, using data of the national labor surveys carried out by Ministry of Labour, in 1996 and 2011. It attempts to explore the contribution of different income sources to over-all income inequality, by disaggregating the Gini measure of household per capita income, and change in the sources relative marginal effects between the two years. A Gini coefficient of 71% is indicated in 1996 with a lower value of 61% shown for 2011. Wages and paid labor income are found to represent the largest share of household per capita income and ranked first among the different income sources in contribution to overall inequality (63.5% in 1996 and 43% in 2011). Income from agricultural and livestock represented the second largest share (36%) in income composition in 2011 and in relative contribution to inequality (39%) compared to a lower contribution of (around 9%) in 1996, when one fifth of total per capita income was made of remittances and transfers. In 1996 both income and remittances seemed to have benefited the top income recipients. It is argued that this can be attributed to the harsh economic measures implemented in mid-1990, which privatized the provision of vital services to agriculture, including provision of credit. An increase in contribution of non-agricultural income in 2011 seemed to produce favorable impact on inequality as indicated by a marginal effect of -.003. Also in 2011, though contributing less to income than in 1996, remittances and transfers had an equalizing effect on overall inequality (marginal effect of -0.02). It is suggested that improvement in agricultural infrastructure, and provision of inputs like water and credit facilities, especially to small producers, and creation of off-farm activities in rain-fed areas, and support to self-employed and small producers in services and trade in urban areas, would have a favourable impact on employment and income distribution.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"27 1","pages":"39 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81868731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediating Educational Gaps For Refugee Children: The Case Of South Sudanese Children In A Primary School In Addis Ababa","authors":"E. A. Demissie, A. K. Boru","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The major purpose of the study was to understand how culturally mediated is the primary education provided for urban South-Sudanese refugee children that are found in Addis Ababa. Qualitative single case study approach was used. Interviews were used to collect data from six South Sudanese refugee students, three teachers, and two vice principals at Hibret Fire primary schools; officers drawn from Development Interchurch Aid Commission (DICAC), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and Addis Ababa City Education Bureau. Results of the study indicated almost absence of any attempt to make use of previous educational experiences of the children; low attention to bridging language gaps; and lack of preparation on the part of the schools to teach refugee children. The leadership of the school and the teachers lacked commitment to provide for the special needs of the refugee children. In general, it was learned that no attempt was made to mediate gaps the particular refugee children phase in their education. The study hinted that this undesirable state of primary education delivery might have resulted in the reported behavioral problems, high drop-out rate, low academic achievement, and decreased interest to learn which are rampant among the refugee children.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"30 1","pages":"105 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90687997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict Dynamics Behind The State Failure And The Challenges To Peace-Building: The Case Of Somalia","authors":"Temesgen Thomas Halabo, Taddesse Berisso","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This study aimed to examine Somalia conflict dynamics, trends and challenges impeding efforts to build peace in Somalia. The study used qualitative method with explanatory research design. The study indicated that the Somalia conflict has been caused and reinforced by different internal and external factors that exacerbates and sustains conflicts. The study further revealed that lack of inclusive politics and disproportionate influence by the Damul Jadiid members within the SFG is eroding its legitimacy and creating popular perception that it is not representative government of the Somalia political elites. Its key warring party, Al-Shabaab is down but not out as there is a weak or no synergy between international support led AMISOM and the SFG led internal political progress. Moreover, the study showed that AMISOM led military front has been successful. However, the SFG politics is lagging behind and threatening to derail even this huge sacrifice. This is because the SFG has failed to do a catch through strong constitutional political framework and functional local government. For achieving sustainable peace, the study recommend that the SFG politics must be inclusive of all politico-military actors, strong synergy between military achievements and the SFG political progress and continuation of external support and the SFG commitment to honestly confront the governance challenges facing the country.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"195 1","pages":"107 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72626442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges Associated with the Management of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Packaging Bottle Waste in Harare Urban, Zimbabwe","authors":"Matambo Farai, Steven Jerie","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This study analyses challenges associated with management of PET beverages bottle waste in Harare Urban, Zimbabwe. Quantitative data collection instruments used included structured questionnaires and geo-spatial data collection. Qualitative data instruments used included direct observations, open-ended questions, structured interviews (audio and videos) as well as field notes. Fundamental to the quantitative data collection process was the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Earth Observation Tools. Near-real time geo-spatial data was collected using Mobile Data Collector (Open Data Kit-ODK), was analysed (using ArcView GIS, QGIS, SPSS and MS Excel) and then presented for all the attributes associated with this particular research study. Geo-referenced data was collected from a total of 328 outlets and 299 consumers and households. Challenges associated with PET waste management in Harare include inadequate collection infrastructure, consumer behaviour, volatility of oil and PET global markets and the lack of a robust PET waste policy that addresses these challenges. Environmental and health hazards emanating from these challenges included reduced aesthetic value, blockage of drainage systems, toxic gas emissions from PET waste burning, reduced productive land, leaching of hazardous substances, high incidence of malaria and cholera and ingestion by wildlife. In order to address the generation and distribution of PET waste, the primary audiences are manufacturers of beverages packaged in PET Bottle. The manufacturers need to focus on bottle light weighting. This means that less resin are used to manufacture the same bottle and this ultimately reduces the amount of PET waste generated by weight.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"1 1","pages":"45 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89755074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marital Rape as a Human Rights Violation of Women in Ethiopia: A Case Study of Alumni Association of the Faculty of Law of Addis Ababa University and Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association (EWLA)","authors":"Kebkab Sirgew","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Initially, the concept of marital rape was a legal nullity analogous to the inability to steal what one already owns. Many defended for the exemption of marital rape from being recognized as a crime. The defense came under the assertion that a husband and a wife acted in consent and the wife had no separate rights apart from her husband; the husband was legally responsible for his wife’s conduct, which made it unlikely for a man to stand in court alleging that he had raped her. A reflection of power and position in the household fully supported with the legal exemption and societal approval of family privacy, marital rape remained a taboo for women to talk about despite their sufferings. This paper undergoes an assessment of the challenges women go through in the veil of family privacy and explores the possible mechanisms that can be set to avail protection in the area. In a nutshell, the findings of the research demonstrate that 60% of respondents were victims of marital rape. This piece thus puts forward concrete recommendations that call for the attention of the legal system in terms of resolving the issue from a legal point of view, academic institutions in engaging in scholarly research and organizing high legal dialogues, and awareness raising work by civil society organizations working at the grass root level.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"38 1","pages":"118 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75695374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parents of Typically Developing Children, Ethiopia Ali","authors":"Sani Side, Sreevalsa Kumar","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The level of parental stress parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and parents of typically developing children experienced, the resources available, and the different coping strategies parents employed are investigated using a descriptive research design, 542 parents were randomly selected. Parental Stress Scale was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. As results, both groups of parents experienced moderate levels of stress, and mothers experienced elevated stress. Some other variables were also contributed for parental stress. In conclusion, mothers requiring more support and a level of education can make a difference in coping with parental stress.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"18 1","pages":"25 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78498144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Parental Migration on Emotion and Behaviour of Children Left Behind in Southern Wollo Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Getnet Tesfaw, Abebaw Minaye Gezie","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Though remittance from parental migration contributed to poverty reductions, and the material well-being of children and families left behind, a significant part of the story is omitted. This article explored the impact of parental migration as experienced and perceived by children left behind and caregivers in two woredas Southern Wollo, Ethiopia whose one and both of their parents had migrated abroad. Accordingly, data were qualitatively gathered from 13 children whose parents migrated from two woredas of Southern Wollo, Ethiopia. Moreover, 12 caregivers taking care of children left behind were selected purposely. The results of the study showed that though children became aware of the reasons behind the migration of their parents they do not want their parents to migrate abroad leaving them behind. It was also found that left-behind children experienced feelings of separation, insecurity, sadness, depression, poor social relations, and lack of motivation in schooling following their parents’ migration. To mitigate the problem families, governmental and non-governmental organizations that have a stake in children’s lives shall play a role in supporting and intervening in the problem accordingly.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"6 1","pages":"145 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73102483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Impact Bonds Bandwagon: Critical Reflections And Policy Implications For Africa","authors":"Hardlife Zvoushe","doi":"10.1353/eas.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/eas.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Social impact bonds (SIBs) involve mobilising funding from private investors to finance social interventions by offering repayment of principal and agreed upon return once predetermined outcome metrics have been achieved. The article critically evaluates the potential viability of this new financing innovation for social interventions using evidence from global experiences, with the idea of further establishing the potential for application in Africa. The paper takes a qualitative and descriptive approach that relies heavily on secondary data from academic articles, and to some extent, grey literature. Informed from reviews of global experiences with SIBs, the paper argues that in Africa, SIBs can possibly establish their niche within the context of the chronic social problems, social financing challenges and persistent failure of social interventions. It concludes that while the application of the SIBs concept has produced rather mixed results, there is still potential for good social development results using this vehicle.","PeriodicalId":84617,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa social science research review","volume":"18 1","pages":"119 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74436126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}