Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)最新文献

{"title":"Ethnic Insularity among 1.5- and Second-Generation Korean-American Christians","authors":"Jerry Z. Park","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2736054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2736054","url":null,"abstract":"Building on insights from Min’s (2010) comparisons between Korean Protestants and Indian Hindus, and my findings of elite freshmen Korean racial insularity (Park 2012), I use data from the Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles (2004) survey to examine the extent to which religion serves to not only preserve ethnicity but also support insularity in young adult 1.5- and second-generation (“second generation” hereafter) Korean Americans. Findings suggest that at the racial level of comparison, second-generation Korean-American endogamy resembles that of white, black, and Latino endogamy; second-generation Korean-American endogamy reflects not only the highest intraracial marriage rate, but also the highest intraethnic marriage rate of all Asian groups in the sample. Further, religious married second-generation Korean Americans have the highest racially homogeneous composition rate in the congregations they attend relative to other racial groups and other Asian ethnicities. In multivariate analyses, these two dynamics of marital endogamy and congregational racial homophily produce strong effects on one another and diminish the unique Korean effect. Findings suggest that these group relational patterns are more evident for second-generation Korean Americans and may have implications for social mobility in a racialized context.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"38 1","pages":"113-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73634439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Environmental Governance and Social Capital: A Case Study of Mangyeong River Communities*","authors":"Jae-Woo Kim, Kyung-eun Lee, Young-Jeong Kim","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2013.42.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2013.42.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"With a growing concern over the quality of water running downward into the Saemangeum area, the public-private-academic partnership for water quality management called \"Jeollabuk-do River Restoration Association\" was inaugurated in 2011 at the municipal level. On account of the fact that the water quality control as common pool resource faces a social dilemma, non-point source pollution requires cooperation particularly among river community residents supported by the public-private-academic partnership. Drawing upon a survey of the residents of Wanju-gun, Iksan-si, and Gimje-si along the Mangyeong River, we find that, firstly, residents including farmers do not consider diffuse pollution from the agricultural riverbank to be serious. Secondly, the partnership's activities are not sufficiently familiar to residents. Thirdly, residents commonly tend to perceive the current form of regional environmental governance as a managerial model that is led by the local government. Fourthly, residents of Iksan-si and Gimje-si have significantly higher levels of social capital. Lastly, norms of cooperation can be explained by civic associations and regional identity, with more cooperation from Iksansi residents. Several implications of these findings are discussed.Keywords: Water Quality Control, Non-point Source Pollution, Social Dilemma, Regional Environmental Governance, Social Capital, Cooperative NormsIntroductionSince the biggest land reclamation project in the history of South Korea called Saemangeum Seawall was launched in 1989 as a national project for farmland construction, water demand estimation was the main subject of research during the 1990s. The issue of water quality was first raised in 1996, and thereafter, the central government of South Korea implemented various tasks informed by the \"Water Quality Improvement Measures Phase 1\" (2001-2010). Meanwhile, the government changed the fundamental design of the Saemangeum Seawall project in October 2008 to increase the share of land for non-agricultural purposes such as industry, tourism and leisure, international affairs, science, and research, with the proportion of agricultural land down to 30%. To this end, the government upwardly adjusted the overall level of water quality to grade 4 for the agricultural sector and grade 3 for the urban sector, according to the Comprehensive Development Plan passed in March 2011 by the 6th Saemangeum Committee. Highlighting the priority of the intensive maintenance of two rivers named Mangyeong and Dongjin in the upstream regions of the Saemangeum land, \"Water Quality Improvement Measures Phase 2\" (2011-2020) focuses mainly on how to effectively control pollution from livestock farms, point source pollution, and non-point source pollution. Pertinently, the government began to draw new attention to various diffuse sources of water pollution (e.g., by means of combined sewer overflow facilities and low impact development-based urban planning) in contrast to th","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"1 1","pages":"29-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82988554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group Membership and Context of Participation in Electoral Politics among Korean, Chinese, and Filipino Americans*","authors":"Sookhee Oh","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2013.42.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2013.42.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"Asian Americans have fallen behind other ethnic groups with regard to political participation, despite being one of the fastest growing populations and having achieved socioeconomic advantages over the last few decades. This paper examines this puzzle by looking at a demographic and socioeconomic portrait of major Asian-American groups and their participation patterns in electoral politics. The paper focuses on a host of factors, such as group membership, generation, assimilation, and political and community contexts, that go beyond individual level attributes. The paper explores particularly how group-specific political and community contexts mediate voting behavior differently or similarly across three major Asian groups?Korean, Chinese, and Filipino Americans?based on a review of existing research, secondary data from the Current Population Surveys of 2000, 2004, and 2008, and the 2011 American Community Survey.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"76 1","pages":"137-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73992517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Adversarial Varieties of Democracy : Which One Produces Fewer Criminals?","authors":"D. Joshi","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relationship between two prominent varieties of democracy and the size of a country’s prison population. Theoretically, it proposes that social democracies increase social and economic equality which reduces both the “demand for crime” and the number of criminals. Adversarial democracies, on the other hand, generate higher levels of inequality and insecurity that lead to higher levels of crime. Utilizing a structured, focused comparison of Nordic social democracies and Anglo-American adversarial democracies complemented by cross-sectional multiple regression analysis of twenty industrialized democracies, I find empirical support for both of these conjectures. A major implication of this study is that states which choose parliamentary democracy, proportional representation elections, and a social democratic orientation may have a long-lasting positive impact on crime reduction by helping to remedy underlying structural causes of political, economic, and social inequality that give rise to criminal behavior.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"69 1","pages":"229-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82360093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Health Care Decommodification Index to the Analysis of the Marginalisation of East Asian Countries in Comparative Welfare Studies","authors":"S. Yu","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article is concerned with two responses to recent discourses on the classification of welfare regimes. The first is a rising interest in constructing different types of typologies based on different criteria such as health care decommodification, education decommodification, and defamilisation. The second response is the concern that East Asian countries are under-represented in the 18 OECD members studied by Esping- Andersen (1990). This article contributes to these two responses through the implementation of two analytical tasks. The first task is to expand the health care decommodification index developed by Bambra (2005a) to cover the 18 OECD members studied by Esping-Andersen (1990) and five additional East Asian countries. The second task is to demonstrate how the health care decommodification index can be used to contribute to the analysis of the view of Walker and Wong (2004, 2005) on the marginalisation of East Asian countries in comparative welfare studies.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"11 1","pages":"253-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88442340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of South Korean Newspaper Coverage on Climate Change : Focusing on Conservative, Progressive, and Economic Newspapers","authors":"Sun-Jin Yun, Dowan Ku, Nyunbae Park, Joon Han","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares and analyzes the contents and sources of news articles on climate change in three major South Korean newspapers between 2007 and 2008. Chosunilbo, Hankyoreh, and Maeil Business were selected as subjects for this study because these three newspapers are representative of the conservative, progressive, and economic newspapers in South Korea, respectively. The key questions asked in this paper are as follows: 1) How do these selected newspapers portray climate change? 2) What kind of sources do they cite, and how do these sources differ? 3) What kind of solutions do the newspapers recommend in dealing with climate change? South Korean press has handled the climate change issue largely from a prognostic frame, placing emphasis on reports concerning policy determination and mitigation policies. The most frequently cited source in all the newspapers was the government. There were differences in the emphasis of each newspaper, however: The conservative newspaper and the business newspaper both supported the policy of sustaining capitalistic economic growth while maintaining existing economic and social structures. The progressive newspaper called for active reduction in the amount of GHG emissions and took a critical position on high-risk and big technologies such as nuclear power generation.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"8 1","pages":"201-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83543120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Militant Labor Unionism and the Decline of Solidarity","authors":"Hyung-Geun Yoo","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a case study of labor unionism at Hyundai Motor Company (HMC), this article explores the changing features of militant labor unionism at leading large firms in South Korea’s export sector. Militant unionism at HMC has been shaped in the overall context of the confrontational nature of industrial relations and the strong workplace bargaining power of labor unions during the transition to democracy. Even after the company has grown into a global automaker and the living standards of workers significantly improved, labor protests and strike actions still prevail. Since the financial crisis of 1997, however, the aim of labor militancy has shifted dramatically from class solidarity among various types of workers to social closure in order to defend the narrow economic interests of the labor union members. This study concludes that “labor militancy without solidarity” comes to represent the characteristics of labor unionism at leading large firms in South Korea in the era of globalization.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"33 1","pages":"177-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82105948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Social Quality Related to Subjective Well-Being in Shanghai? an Analysis of Economic and Social Structural Factors*","authors":"Hao Yuan, M. Golpelwar","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Based on an empirical survey in Shanghai, this study tests the effects of four domains of social quality (SQ) viz. economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion, and social empowerment on subjective well-being (SWB). The results show that home ownership and income are important determinants of SWB, though the latter is not as strong a predictor of SWB as the former. Apart from the economic determinants, social cohesion (e.g., political trust) as well as social inclusion (e.g., involvement with social and cultural organizations) can influence people\"s SWB to a high degree. Additionally, social alienation and loneliness are negatively related to SWB. Even the degree to which people can express themselves freely relates directly to their SWB level. Results also show that the more people see success as a result of self-effort, the higher their SWB level.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"1 1","pages":"31-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80788057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Korean Wave (Hallyu) in East Asia: A Comparison of Chinese, Japanese, and Taiwanese Audiences Who Watch Korean TV Dramas*","authors":"Jonghoe Yang","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2012.41.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2012.41.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"The major purpose of this study is to find out what factors are responsible for Hallyu, the flow and popularity of Korean popular cultural products in East Asia, and which direction Hallyu is heading for. To do this, recent structural and institutional changes in the region are examined and the 2008 EASS data analyzed. Opening up of the cultural market and development of the mass media industry, especially television, laid the ground for Hallyu in East Asia. The 2008 EASS data reveal that social proximity and two demographic variables are common factors for the rise of Hallyu in East Asia, but globalization and modernity variables had no effect on Hallyu. Females are more attracted to Korean TV dramas than males, but typical Hallyu fans are youngest in China, followed by Taiwan, and Japan the oldest. Besides these characteristics of Hallyu fans, the quality of Korean cultural products is an important factor in their success abroad. Since the second decade of the new millennium, Hallyu evolves into a new, or second, stage in which its contents, strategy, and media change considerably. Hallyu, representing a case of alternative globalization, signals a new phase in the recent history of globalization. Keywords: Hallyu (the Korean wave), East Asia, popular culture, Audience, Korean TV drama. Introduction It has now been more than a decade since Korean1 popular culture has made a massive inroad into East Asia and, subsequently, other Asian countries. The mass media and concerned scholars have given the appellation of \"Korean Wave\" (Hallyu in Korean) to such Korean cultural products as television dramas, popular music, and movies becoming so popular in these countries.2 Since the mid-1990s, Korean popular culture has spread over the pan ethnic-Chinese countries including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore at first, then over such Southeast Asian countries as Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, followed by Mongolia, Japan, and even beyond East Asia.3 The Hallyu boom in Japan was ignited by a 2004 television drama, Winter Sonata, and has since drawn a great deal of scholarly attention, because Japan is the first modernized or Westernized country in Asia and Japanese popular culture has been dominant in many East Asian countries for several decades. Korea is not an exception; its popular culture has also been strongly influenced by Japanese pop culture. Now, at least some members of the Japanese population are fascinated with Korean popular culture. Thus, some scholars regard Hallyu as \"a counter-case to media imperialism: a fissure in West-centered globalization\" (Kim 2009, pp. 732-37) or as a case proving that globalization is not a one-way traffic but a two-way flow (Cho-Han 2003, p. 40). The surge of popularity of Korean popular culture in these countries has drawn \"anti-Hallyu\" sentiments and campaigns by a few local intellectuals, popular culture industries, and mass media (Chae et al. 2009), especially in China (Kang 2008; Yong-chan K","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"73 1","pages":"103-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77383905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematising the Resource Curse Thesis","authors":"F. Obeng-Odoom","doi":"10.21588/dns.2012.41.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/dns.2012.41.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The natural resource curse thesis is that the blessing/windfall of \"nature’s gifts\" tends to be a curse. The mention of \"oil,\" especially in developing countries, evokes two types of feelings in the form of excitement and fear, further resulting in a discourse about turning a \"resource curse\" into a \"resource blessing.\" This paper questions this binary representation of the political economy of oil. Using data triangulation, I will show that curses and blessings co-exist, intermingle, and impact diversely on different social groups. Further, there are many forms of impact in between the two which are neither curses nor blessings. This evidence suggests there is room for practical steps to remedy specific weaknesses in existing public policy beyond euphoric reactions and propositions that strike a determinist relationship between resource boom and curse.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"57 1","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81787462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}