Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)最新文献

{"title":"Introduction: Climate Change, Cosmopolitanism, and Media Politics","authors":"Sang-Jin Han, Sun-Jin Yun","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.001","url":null,"abstract":"The four papers shown in this special section have been chosen out of the 20 papers presented in an international conference on the overall topic of \"Climate Change and Risk Society: New Trends of Megacity Transformation\" held at Seoul National University from July 9-11, 2014, with Professor Ulrich Beck who delivered a keynote public lecture \"Emancipatory Catastrophism: What does it mean to Climate Change and Risk Society\" at Press Center in the downtown of Seoul in the afternoon of July 8, 2014.Beck's concept of global risk society starts from the recognition that modernization has produced new forms of risks that cannot avoid with advanced technology development. Modernization became a root cause of modern risks which are deeply embedded in modern society itself. In particular, global ecological risks threaten the survival of humanity. Perhaps, one of the most critical type of such global risks is climate change, a representative cross-boundary and inter-generational environmental problem. Material growth of the modern society has boosted by fossil fuel combustion, leading to climate disruption. Another representative global risk is driven by radioactive disaster. The Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011 has clearly demonstrated how vulnerable the nuclear power plant system is and how globally dangerous the leakage of radiation is once it breaks out. Even though the nuclear damages depends on the distance from the source and direction of the wind, no country cannot be free since we all share air and ocean, as in the case of climate change. As long as we live on this planet, there is no way to escape from these global risks. We are locked in this shared ecological condition.Within this background, however, Beck raised two points decisively in his Seoul public address. First, he made a sharp confrontation with all kinds of pessimistic, apocalyptic outlooks of climate change and defended a European tradition of critical theory by advancing an interesting claim that climate change tends to produce emancipatory consequences on politics, social movements, human action and norms. Second, while departing from the apocalyptic inclination of climate catastrophism, he also made a sharp confrontation with a technologically oriented, top-down, an elite-centered approach to climate change, in the form of scientific solution and emancipation, and instead defended a practical, bottom-up, and action-theoretical approach to emancipation.There are numerous examples of international consultation aiming at a technological solution of climate change. For example, the 20th Conference of Parties (COP-20) of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Lima, Peru in December 2014. Delegates from 196 countries just managed to reach a new global climate change agreement, called \"Lima Call for Climate Action.\" The agreement requires every nation in the world to commit itself to cutting planet-warming greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with no divi","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"19 1","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88779818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Dimensions of Family Risk in East Asia: Variations and Contextualization","authors":"Young-hee Shim, Myoung-Soo Kim, Byung-Soo Kim","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates family risks from the perspective of risk society. Conceptual distinction is made between the first modern and the second modern type of family risk as well as between its objective and subjective dimensions. The major finding in terms of variation of family risks is that the second-modern type of risks is more conspicuous than the first-modern one in Seoul and Tokyo whereas the reverse is the case in Beijing. Yet these two types of risk coexist in all three cities. The contextualized relationship between the objective and subjective dimensions shows the tendency that the risk perception moves up or down in a way reflecting the official statistics of family risks. We argue that this pattern of contextualization can be explained by social construction of risks.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"1 1","pages":"239-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91248365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twice-Migrant Chinese and Indians in the United States: Their Origins and Attachment to Their Original Homeland","authors":"P. Min, Sung S. Park","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"China and India, the two most populated countries in the world, also have the largest overseas populations scattered all over the world. Following the global migration flow, many overseas Chinese and Indians have re-migrated from their diasporic communities to the United States in the post-1965 immigration era. This article, focusing on twice-migrant Chinese and Indians in the United States, has two interrelated objectives. First, it shows twice-migrant Chinese and Indians’ regions and countries of origin that roughly reflect their global dispersals. Second, it examines their attachment to their original homeland using two indicators: use of ethnic language (a Chinese or an Indian language) at home and their choice of ancestry. It uses the combined 2009-2011 American Community Surveys as the primary data source. This article is significant because by using an innovative data source, it describes the origins and ethnic attachment of the two largest twice-migrant groups in the United States.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"8 1","pages":"381-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81399892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Housing Estates as Experimental Fields of Social Research","authors":"Yasushi Sukenari","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2016.45.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2016.45.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses researchers’ relationships with their research object and its transformation in empirical sociology by examining “danchi” (housing estates) studies conducted by Japanese sociologists. The Japanese housing policy system was quickly established in the early 1950s, and the reinforced concrete housing complexes stimulated journalistic interest. Most influential researchers in postwar Japanese sociology launched into research on these newly constructed housing estates. One reason was that social surveys with standardized questionnaires to individual respondents were compatible with the new housing form. Danchi became experimental fields of social research. Some early researchers emphasized the sparsity of neighbor relationships in danchi and the surviving kinship across geographical boundaries. However, the image of danchi as pictured by sociologists transformed around 1960. Studies of residents’ associations showed that danchi communities were being formed through cooperative solutions found for residents’ common problems. Whether or not a housing estate was formed as a community depended on how the residents related to the space. This change was also reflected in the relationships between the researchers and the respondents in that the distance between them under the standardized attitude and opinion survey was lost. The change in the image of housing estates in the 1960s can be said to overlap with a turning point in social research.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"17 1","pages":"69-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75555044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Economic Activity, Skills and Inequality in the Service Economy","authors":"Seung-Ho Baek, S. Lee","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to understand how wage inequality is associated with different level and kind of skills in service economy. Our logic of argument, changes in economic activity and skills in the service economy, is suggested following our observation on changes in skill by examining the International Standard of Industrial Classification of all Economies (ISIC) and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). Then we examine how the service sector contributes to total income inequality since the 1980s through conducting a MLD (Mean Logarithmic Deviation) based decomposition analysis with four selected countries, Germany, United States, Sweden and Taiwan, using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database. Overall, the findings suggest that inequality within the service sector contributes most to total inequality. Among the three skill levels in service sector, inequality within the middle skill level contributed most to the total service sector inequality in all four selected countries.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"1 1","pages":"33-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73155761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experts’ social responsibility in the process of large-scale nature-transforming national projects Focusing on the case of the four major rivers restoration project in Korea","authors":"Sun-Jin Yun","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is concerned with the social responsibility of experts in the fields of science and technology in the process of large-scale nature-transforming national projects. This paper took the case of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project in Korea?which has been admired internationally as a Korean-style Green New Deal on the one hand, and has caused domestic controversies especially among experts on the other hand?in order to deal with the issue of experts’ social responsibility. The research questions raised in this paper include why and how experts should take social responsibility and to what extent they have to be responsible. Through exploration of the case of the Four Major Rivers Project, this paper argues that experts have to claim social responsibility when national policies and projects are associated with scientific and technological elements, since these events hugely impact the daily lives of the public and the condition of the environment and demand large investments of public money. It also underscores the necessity of having socially responsible experts reveal their values and stances based on verifiable evidence and giving the public a chance to determine which set of experts are working for the public good. Experts should be allowed to contest their arguments and positions under conditions where free speech is respected so they can practice social responsibility. Whether this is allowed or not can reveal the level of democracy of a society. The Four Major Rivers Project identifies the importance of experts’ social responsibility and the conditions for its realization.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"3 1","pages":"109-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82607824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting Focus in Development Studies: Papers in Development and Society , 1998-2013","authors":"Shin-Kap Han, Sang-jic Lee, Y. Sung","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"How has development studies ? especially the one on and in East Asia in general, and South Korea in particular ? changed over the last decade and a half? We trace the recent trends through a review of articles published in Development and Society (D&S). Bibliographic metadata on a total of 201 authors and 199 papers for the period of 1998-2013 are collected and analyzed. For context, we find that, both in terms of authorship and regional coverage, the range of locales has expanded steadily. For content, research appears to have moved away from topics largely associated with quantity of development toward quality of development during the period. We conclude by discussing the implications for the future direction of development studies and suggesting strategies for D&S to follow in order to enhance its role in the field of development studies.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"32 1","pages":"59-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72905584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Value-based Approach to Sustainability: The Role of Values and Culture in the Pursuit of Wealth","authors":"Leon Miller","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.006","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes social economics as an effective means of balancing the need to establish normative principles for global governance with the need to establish regulatory policies for stabilizing the global economy and safeguarding the global public interests. Such values and principles play an important role in reconciling the dichotomy between development plans that focus on increasing prosperity and those advocating improving overall human well-being. The article offers a theoretical overview of economic value theory and the development of social economic theory. The article then points out why this model would be especially beneficial if applied to sustainable development in India. Complicating the challenge is the fact that there are vast differences in conceptions of economics, the relationship of the market to the state, and the role of cultural values in economic development. This article argues that a sociological approach to economic development provides the means for reconciling the vast differences in conceptions of the role of culture and values in economic strategies for societal flourishing. This is especially true in terms of its ability to reconcile the dichotomy between development as increased production, consumption, and profits as compared to development as a current (updated) manifestation of deeply rooted cultural values.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"28 1","pages":"143-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73897514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Health Care Systems in Seven East Asian Countries by the Cluster Analysis","authors":"S. Yu","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"Since Esping-Andersen (1990) presented the “three worlds of welfare capitalism” thesis based on his study of the OECD countries, there have been debates on whether East Asian countries form a separate world of welfare capitalism or not. The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the study of the health care systems in six East Asian countries (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Thailand) plus Japan contributes to the debate on the existence of a distinct welfare regime in East Asia. This objective is met by mainly using the evidence provided by health care typologies to test two hypotheses: 1) There are significant similarities between some of the health care systems in eleven OECD countries and those in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore, and 2) there are significant differences in the health care systems between Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"26 1","pages":"81-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84026083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New \"Spirit\" of Capitalism? - Globalization and Its Impact on the Diffusion of Neoliberal Management Thinking in Germany and the East Asian Economies","authors":"Mark Pohlmann, Hyun-Chin Lim","doi":"10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21588/DNS.2014.43.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Mainstream globalization literature is quite clear in its assumptions of how globalization affects industrial enterprise. It is presumed to give rise to transnational companies and subsequently, to a transnational class of managers, who use neoliberal management thinking to accelerate the neoliberal transformation of the economy. The article puts these engrained assumptions to strong empirical test by analysing how transnational the life courses of 475 CEOs of the Top 100 industrial company groups in Germany as well as in Korea, Japan, and China are. Furthermore, having carried out 148 in-depth interviews with Top CEOs, the article asks if in fact a neoliberal spirit of capitalism is at work. The findings indicate that neoliberal management thinking is not emerging and that top managers are not the switchmen leading towards a financial market-driven economy. Although neoliberal management thinking has had some impact on German top managers, the various business systems in East Asia indicate the dominance of more indigenous cultural frames.","PeriodicalId":84572,"journal":{"name":"Development and society (Soul Taehakkyo. Institute for Social Devdelopment and Policy Research)","volume":"54 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87384284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}