Annals of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Novel Isotope Dilution-Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Serum C-Peptide.","authors":"Sung-Eun Cho, Jungsun Han, Juyoung You, Jun Hyung Lee, Ahram Yi, Sang Gon Lee, Eun Hee Lee","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0072","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mass spectrometry (MS) methods exhibit higher accuracy and comparability in measuring serum C-peptide concentrations than immunoassays. We developed and validated a novel isotope dilution-ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem MS (ID-UPLC-MS/MS) assay to measure serum C-peptide concentrations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sample pretreatment involved solid-phase extraction, ion-exchange solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidylcarbamate (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA). We used an ExionLC UPLC system (Sciex, Framingham, MA, USA) and a Sciex Triple Quad 6500+ MS/MS system (Sciex) for electrospray ionization in positive-ion mode with multiple charge states of [M+3H]3+ and multiple reaction monitoring transitions. The total run time was 50 mins, and the flow rate was 0.20 mL/min. We evaluated the precision, trueness, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), carryover, and matrix effects. Method comparison with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) was performed in 138 clinical specimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intra- and inter-run precision coefficients of variation were <5% and the bias values for trueness were <4%, which were all acceptable. The verified linear interval was 0.050-15 ng/mL, and the LLOQ was 0.050 ng/mL. No significant carryover or matrix effects were observed. The correlation between this ID-UPLC-MS/MS method and ECLIA was good (R=0.995, slope=1.564); however, the ECLIA showed a positive bias (51.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed ID-UPLC-MS/MS assay shows acceptable performance in measuring serum C-peptide concentrations. This will be useful in situations requiring accurate measurement of serum C-peptide in clinical laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Korean Case of <i>MAN1B1</i>-Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Diagnosed Using Whole-Exome Sequencing and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Kyoung Bo Kim, Gi Su Lee, Soyoung Shin, Dong-Chan Kim, Donggun Seo, Hyeongjin Kweon, Hyein Kang, Sunggyun Park, Do-Hoon Kim, Namhee Ryoo, Soyoung Lee, Jung Sook Ha","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0226","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"112-115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142589819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Laboratory Medicine Practice With Machine Learning: Swift yet Exact.","authors":"Jiwon You, Hyeon Seok Seok, Sollip Kim, Hangsik Shin","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0354","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Machine learning (ML) is currently being widely studied and applied in data analysis and prediction in various fields, including laboratory medicine. To comprehensively evaluate the application of ML in laboratory medicine, we reviewed the literature on ML applications in laboratory medicine published between February 2014 and March 2024. A PubMed search using a search string yielded 779 articles on the topic, among which 144 articles were selected for this review. These articles were analyzed to extract and categorize related fields within laboratory medicine, research objectives, specimen types, data types, ML models, evaluation metrics, and sample sizes. Sankey diagrams and pie charts were used to illustrate the relationships between categories and the proportions within each category. We found that most studies involving the application of ML in laboratory medicine were designed to improve efficiency through automation or expand the roles of clinical laboratories. The most common ML models used are convolutional neural networks, multilayer perceptrons, and tree-based models, which are primarily selected based on the type of input data. Our findings suggest that, as the technology evolves, ML will rise in prominence in laboratory medicine as a tool for expanding research activities. Nonetheless, expertise in ML applications should be improved to effectively utilize this technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11609717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting M-Protein via Mass Spectrometry and Affinity Beads: Enrichment With Mixed Kappa-Lambda Beads Enables Prompt Application in Clinical Laboratories.","authors":"Jikyo Lee, Jung Hoon Choi, Eun-Hee Kim, Jihyun Im, Heeyoun Hwang, Seojin Yang, Joon Hee Lee, Kyunghoon Lee, Junghan Song, Seungman Park, Sang Hoon Song","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0039","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Detecting monoclonal protein (M-protein), a hallmark of plasma cell disorders, traditionally relies on methods such as protein electrophoresis, immune-electrophoresis, and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight (ESI-qTOF) MS, have emerged as sensitive methods. We explored the M-protein-detection efficacies of different MS techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To isolate immunoglobulin and light chain proteins, six types of beads (IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa, lambda, and mixed kappa and lambda) were used to prepare samples along with CaptureSelect nanobody affinity beads (NBs). After purification, both MALDI-TOF MS and liquid chromatography coupled with Synapt G2 ESI-qTOF high-resolution MS analysis were performed. We purified 25 normal and 25 abnormal IFE samples using NBs and MALDI-TOF MS (NB-MALDI-TOF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abnormal samples showed monoclonal peaks, whereas normal samples showed polyclonal peaks. The IgG and mixed kappa and lambda beads showed monoclonal peaks following the use of daratumumab (an IgG/kappa type of monoclonal antibody) with both MALDI-TOF and ESI-qTOF MS analysis. The limits of detection for MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-qTOF MS were established as 0.1 g/dL and 0.025 g/dL, respectively. NB-MALDI-TOF and IFE exhibited comparable sensitivity and specificity (92% and 92%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NBs for M-protein detection, particularly with mixed kappa-lambda beads, identified monoclonal peaks with both MALDI-TOF and ESI-qTOF analyses. Qualitative analysis using MALDI-TOF yielded results comparable with that of IFE. NB-MALDI-TOF might be used as an alternative method to replace conventional tests (such as IFE) to detect M-protein with high sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"518-528"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Commutability of Reference Materials for α-Fetoprotein: Accurate Value Assignment With Multiple Systems and Trueness Verification.","authors":"Jianping Zhang, Jing Zhao, Qingtao Wang, Rui Zhang, Yuhong Yue","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0447","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The accurate measurement of α-fetoprotein (AFP) is critical for clinical diagnosis. However, different AFP immunoassays may yield different results. Appropriate AFP reference materials (RMs) were selected and assigned accurate values for applications with external quality assessment (EQA) programs to standardize AFP measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty individual clinical samples and six different concentrations of candidate RMs (Can-RMs, L1-L6) were prepared by the Beijing Center for Clinical Laboratories. The Can-RMs were assigned target values by performing five immunoassays, using WHO International Standard 72/225 as a calibrator, and sent to 45 clinical laboratories in Beijing for AFP measurements. The commutability of all RMs was assessed based on CLSI and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) approaches. Analytical performance was assessed for compliance based on accuracy (total error, TE), trueness (bias), and precision (CV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Can-RMs were commutable for all immunoassays using the CLSI approach and for 6 of 10 assay combinations using the IFCC approach. RMs diluted in WHO RM 72/225 were commutable among all assays with the CLSI approach, except for serum matrix (Autolumo vs. Roche analyzer) and diluted water matrix (Abbott vs. Roche/Mindray analyzer), whereas some inconclusive and non-commutable results were found using the IFCC approach. The average pass rates based on the TE, bias, and CV were 91%, 81%, and 95%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The commutability of the RMs differed between both evaluation approaches. The Can-RMs exhibited good commutability with the CLSI approach, suggesting their suitability for use with that approach as commutable EQA materials with assigned values and for monitoring the performance of AFP measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"507-517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Pharyngeal Gonorrhea in Korean Men With Urethritis.","authors":"Kyoung Ho Roh, Changseung Liu, Young Hee Seo, Hyukmin Lee, Sangbong Lee, Young Uh, Kyungwon Lee","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharyngeal infection is more difficult to diagnose and treat than genital or rectal infection and can act as a reservoir for gonococcal infection. We determined the prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea in Korean men with urethritis and analyzed the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two male patients with symptoms of urethritis who visited a urology clinic in Wonju, Korea, between September 2016 and March 2018 were included. Urethral and pharyngeal gonococcal cultures, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), and multiplex real-time PCR (mRT-PCR) were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 72 patients, 59 tested positive for gonococcus by mRT-PCR. Of these 59 patients, 18 (30.5%) tested positive in both the pharynx and urethra, whereas 41 tested positive only in the urethra. NG-MAST was feasible in 16 out of 18 patients and revealed that 14 patients had the same sequence types in both urethral and pharyngeal specimens, whereas two patients exhibited different sequence types between the urethra and pharynx. Of the 72 patients, 33 tested culture-positive. All patients tested positive only in urethral specimens, except for one patient who tested positive in both. All culture-positive specimens also tested positive by mRT-PCR. All isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and spectinomycin, but resistance rates to ceftriaxone and cefixime were 2.9% and 14.7%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of pharyngeal gonorrhea in Korean men with gonococcal urethritis is as high as 30.5%, highlighting the need for pharyngeal screening in high-risk groups. Ceftriaxone is the recommended treatment for pharyngeal gonorrhea.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"537-544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Family With Nail-Patella Syndrome Caused by a Germline Mosaic Deletion of <i>LMX1B</i>.","authors":"Joowon Jang, Hara Im, Hyesu Lee, Hobin Sung, Sung Im Cho, Jee-Soo Lee, Jung Min Ko, Moon-Woo Seong","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0140","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"625-627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germline Mutations and Phenotypic Associations in Korean Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: A Multicenter Study and Literature Review.","authors":"Kwan Hoon Jo, Jaewoong Lee, Jaeeun Yoo, Hoon Seok Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Je Ho Han, Yi Sun Jang, Jae-Seung Yun, Jang Won Son, Soon Jib Yoo, Seung Hwan Lee, Dong Jun Lim, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Seungok Lee, Sungdae Moon, Myungshin Kim","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0376","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic testing is recommended for all patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) to establish genotype-phenotype associations. We investigated germline mutations in 59 patients with PPGL at six Korean university hospitals using next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 38 PPGL-associated genes, including those recommended by the Korean PPGL Task Force. Germline mutations were identified in 13 patients (22%), and affected four genes: <i>RET</i>, <i>NF1</i>, <i>VHL</i>, and <i>SDHD</i>. Germline mutations were significantly associated with a family history of PPGL, smaller tumor size, and the presence of other types of tumors. Using 95 Korean PPGL cases with germline mutations identified through a literature review and 13 cases from our cohort, we characterized genotype-phenotype correlations. Mutation hotspots were identified in specific codons of <i>RET</i> (codons 631 and 634), <i>VHL</i> (157 and 167), and <i>SDHB</i> (131 and 253). <i>NF1</i> mutations varied, indicating the absence of common hotspots. These findings highlight the efficacy of the recommended NGS panel for Korean patients with PPGL and the importance of genetic testing in establishing clinical management and personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"591-597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Renin Concentration and Renin Activity in Predicting Mortality and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Septic Shock and Hypoperfusion or Hypotension: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.","authors":"Gun Tak Lee, Byuk Sung Ko, Da Seul Kim, Minha Kim, Jong Eun Park, Sung Yeon Hwang, Daun Jeong, Chi Ryang Chung, Hyunggoo Kang, Jaehoon Oh, Tae Ho Lim, Bora Chae, Won Young Kim, Tae Gun Shin","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0425","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lactate is a commonly used biomarker for sepsis, although it has limitations in certain cases, suggesting the need for novel biomarkers. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma renin concentration and renin activity for mortality and kidney outcomes in patients with sepsis with hypoperfusion or hypotension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study of 117 patients with septic shock treated at three tertiary emergency departments between September 2021 and October 2022. The accuracy of renin activity, renin, and lactate concentrations in predicting 28-day mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and renal replacement requirement was assessed using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUCs of initial renin activity, renin, and lactate concentrations for predicting 28-day mortality were 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.77), 0.63 (95% CI, 0.52-0.75), and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.53-0.77), respectively, and those at 24 hrs were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.62-0.86), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56-0.83), and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54-0.79). Renin concentrations and renin activity outperformed initial lactate concentrations in predicting AKI within 14 days. The AUCs of renin and lactate concentrations were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.61-0.80) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.46-0.67), respectively (<i>P</i>=0.030). The AUC of renin activity (0.70; 95% CI, 0.60-0.80) was also higher than that of lactate concentration (<i>P</i>=0.044).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Renin concentration and renin activity show comparable performance to lactate concentration in predicting 28-day mortality in patients with septic shock but superior performance in predicting AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"497-506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Trend of Adenovirus Activity After the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea: Analysis of National Surveillance Data.","authors":"Nam-Joo Lee, SangHee Woo, Jee Eun Rhee, Jaehee Lee, Sangwon Lee, Eun-Jin Kim","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0484","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adenovirus detection rate is <10% throughout the year in South Korea; however, during the summer of 2023, it showed an unusual increase. We analyzed the adenovirus detection rate using data from the Korea Respiratory Integrated Surveillance System before and after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) collected from 2019 to week 36 of 2023. Before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, the mean detection rate was 8.2%, which decreased to 6.1% during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2022. In 2023, the mean detection rate was 14.3% in week 36 and the highest in week 34, at 42.2%, and adenovirus was predominantly detected in the summer. The detection rate by age group showed substantially high activity among 0-12-yr-olds after the pandemic. This age group had a steady mean rate of 9.5% during the pandemic, without seasonality. In 2023, the detection rate surged in the 0-6-yr and 7-12-yr age groups, peaking at 61.6% and 57.1%, respectively. The dominant epidemic serotypes were HAdV-1 and HAdV-2 during and HAdV-3 after the pandemic. The multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic considerably impacted the prevalence of common respiratory viruses and complicated respiratory virus patterns after the pandemic. Constant surveillance is crucial for epidemic preparedness to monitor the possible surge of certain respiratory viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"581-585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11375195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}