Annals of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Association Between the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and 30-Day Mortality in Intensive Care Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study Based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV Database.","authors":"Weiqiang Chen, Peiling Yu, Chao Chen, Shaoyan Cai, Junheng Chen, Chunqin Zheng, Chaojin Chen, Liangjie Zheng, Chunming Guo","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0345","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Millions of patients undergo cardiac surgery each year. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) could help predict the prognosis of patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery. We investigated whether the RDW has robust predictive value for the 30-day mortality among patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) after undergoing cardiac surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV Database, we retrieved data for 11,634 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in an ICU. We performed multivariate Cox regression analysis to model the association between the RDW and 30-day mortality and plotted Kaplan-Meier curves. Subgroup analyses were stratified using relevant covariates. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the predictive value of the RDWs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total 30-day mortality rate was 4.2% (485/11,502). The elevated-RDW group had a higher 30-day mortality rate than the normal-RDW group (<i>P</i>&0.001). The robustness of our data analysis was confirmed by performing subgroup analyses. Each unit increase in the RDW was associated with a 17% increase in 30-day mortality when the RDW was used as a continuous variable (adjusted hazard ratio=1.17, 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.25). Our ROC results showed the predictive value of the RDW.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An elevated RDW was associated with a higher 30-day mortality in patients after undergoing cardiac surgery in an ICU setting. The RDW can serve as an efficient and accessible method for predicting the mortality of patients in ICUs following cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet and Monocyte Microvesicles as Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Nastasya Nunki, Yetti Hernaningsih, Puspa Wardhani, Asih Herawati, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Emmanuel Jairaj Moses, Bambang Pujo Semedi","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0395","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induces inflammation, coagulopathy following platelet and monocyte activation, and fibrinolysis, resulting in elevated D-dimer levels. Activated platelets and monocytes produce microvesicles (MVs). We analyzed the differences in platelet and monocyte MV counts in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, as well as their correlation with D-dimer levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, blood specimens were collected from 90 COVID-19 patients and analyzed for D-dimers using SYSMEX CS-2500. Platelet MVs (PMVs; PMVCD42b⁺ and PMVCD41a⁺), monocyte MVs (MMVs; MMVCD14⁺), and phosphatidylserine-binding annexin V (PS, AnnV⁺) were analyzed using a BD FACSCalibur instrument.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PMV and MMV counts were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. AnnV⁺ PMVCD42b⁺ and AnnV⁺ PMVCD41a⁺ cell counts were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with moderate clinical symptoms. The median (range) of AnnV⁺ PMVCD42b⁺ (MV/μL) in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 was 1,118.3 (328.1-1,910.5), 937.4 (311.4-2,909.5), and 1,298.8 (458.2-9,703.5), respectively (<i>P</i> =0.009). The median (range) for AnnV⁺ PMVCD41a⁺ (MV/μL) in mild, moderate, and severe disease was 885.5 (346.3-1,682.7), 663.5 (233.8-2,081.5), and 1,146.3 (333.3-10,296.6), respectively (<i>P</i> =0.007). D-dimer levels (ng/mL) weak correlated with AnnV⁺ PMVCD41a⁺ (<i>P</i> =0.047, r=0.258).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PMV PMVCD42b⁺ and PMVCD41a⁺ counts were significantly increased in patients with severe clinical symptoms, and PMVCD41a⁺ counts correlated with D-dimer levels. Therefore, MV counts can be used as a potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"392-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140100918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Plasma Anti-Factor Xa Concentrations and Large Artery Occlusion in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants for Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Dae-Hyun Kim, Byung-Cheol Kwak, Byeol-A Yoon, Jae-Kwan Cha, Jong-Sung Park, Min-Sun Kwak, Kwang-Sook Woo, Jin-Yeong Han","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"459-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Optical Genome Mapping to the Genetic Diagnosis of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy 1.","authors":"Seung-Tae Lee","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0197","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"383-384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the TaqMan Jr^a-Genotyping Method for Rapidly Predicting the Presence of Anti-Jr^a Antibodies.","authors":"Yu-Kyung Koo, Soon Sung Kwon, Eun Jung Suh, Na Hyeong Kim, Hyun Kyung Kim, Youn Keong Cho, Seung Jun Choi, Sinyoung Kim, Kyung-A Lee","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0325","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Jr^a antigen is a high-prevalence red blood cell (RBC) antigen. Reports on cases of fatal hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions suggest that antibodies against Jr^a (anti-Jr^a) have potential clinical significance. Identifying anti-Jr^a is challenging owing to a lack of commercially available antisera. We developed an alternative approach to rapidly predict the presence of anti-Jr^a using the TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-genotyping method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Residual peripheral blood samples from 10 patients suspected of having the anti-Jr^a were collected. Two samples with confirmed Jr(a-) RBCs and anti-Jr^a were used to validate the TaqMan genotyping assay by comparing the genotyping results with direct sequencing. The accuracy of the assay in predicting the presence of anti-Jr^a was verified through crossmatching with in-house Jr(a-) O+ RBCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TaqMan-genotyping method was validated with two Jr(a-) RBC- and anti-Jr^a-confirmed samples that showed concordant Jr^a genotyping and direct sequencing results. Jr^a genotyping for the remaining samples and crossmatching the serum samples with inhouse Jr(a-) O+ RBCs showed consistent results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We validated a rapid, simple, accurate, and cost-effective method for predicting the presence of anti-Jr^a using a TaqMan-based SNP-genotyping assay. Implementing this method in routine practice in clinical laboratories will assist in solving difficult problems regarding alloantibodies to high-prevalence RBC antigens and ultimately aid in providing safe and timely transfusions and proper patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"418-425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139904936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-Generation Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control Models.","authors":"Xincen Duan, Minglong Zhang, Yan Liu, Wenbo Zheng, Chun Yee Lim, Sollip Kim, Tze Ping Loh, Wei Guo, Rui Zhou, Tony Badrick","doi":"10.3343/alm.2024.0053","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2024.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient-based real-time QC (PBRTQC) uses patient-derived data to assess assay performance. PBRTQC algorithms have advanced in parallel with developments in computer science and the increased availability of more powerful computers. The uptake of Artificial Intelligence in PBRTQC has been rapid, with many stated advantages over conventional approaches. However, until this review, there has been no critical comparison of these. The PBRTQC algorithms based on moving averages, regression-adjusted real-time QC, neural networks and anomaly detection are described and contrasted. As Artificial Intelligence tools become more available to laboratories, user-friendly and computationally efficient, the major disadvantages, such as complexity and the need for high computing resources, are reduced and become attractive to implement in PBRTQC applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metformin Suppresses Both PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells and Cancer-Induced PD-1 Expression in Immune Cells to Promote Antitumor Immunity.","authors":"Su Hwan Park, Juheon Lee, Hye Jin Yun, Seok-Ho Kim, Jong-Ho Lee","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0443","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metformin, a drug prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes, has potential efficacy in enhancing antitumor immunity; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to identify the inhibitory molecular mechanisms of metformin on programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cancer cells and programmed death 1 (PD-1) expression in immune cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a luciferase reporter assay, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, immunoprecipitation and ubiquitylation assays, and a natural killer (NK) cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity assay. A mouse xenograft tumor model was used to evaluate the effect of metformin on tumor growth, followed by flow-cytometric analysis using tumor-derived single-cell suspensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metformin decreased AKT-mediated β-catenin S552 phosphorylation and subsequent β-catenin transactivation in an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation-dependent manner, resulting in reduced <i>CD274</i> (encoding PD-L1) transcription in cancer cells. Tumor-derived soluble factors enhanced PD-1 protein stability in NK and T cells via dissociation of PD-1 from ubiquitin E3 ligases and reducing PD-1 polyubiquitylation. Metformin inhibited the tumor-derived soluble factor-reduced binding of PD-1 to E3 ligases and PD-1 polyubiquitylation, resulting in PD-1 protein downregulation in an AMPK activation-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects of metformin on both PD-L1 and PD-1 expression ameliorated cancer-reduced cytotoxic activity of immune cells <i>in vitro</i> and decreased tumor immune evasion and growth <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metformin blocks both PD-L1 and PD-1 within the tumor microenvironment. This study provided a mechanistic insight into the efficacy of metformin in improving immunotherapy in human cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"426-436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Vancomycin Variable <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> Isolated From Clinical Specimens.","authors":"In Young Yoo, Joo An Kwon, Miran Lee, Seung-Hyun Jung, Jung Ok Kim, Sung Il Ha, Yeon-Joon Park","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0430","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vancomycin variable <i>Enterococcus</i> (VVE) bacteria are phenotypically susceptible to vancomycin, but they harbor the <i>vanA</i> gene. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of VVE among clinically isolated vancomycin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (VSE) isolates, as well as elucidate the molecular characteristics of the <i>vanA</i> gene cluster within these isolates. Notably, we investigated the prevalence and structure of the <i>vanA</i> gene cluster of VVE. Between June 2021 and May 2022, we collected consecutive, non-duplicated vancomycin-susceptible <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (VSE) samples. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the presence of <i>vanA</i>, <i>vanB</i>, and <i>vanC</i>. Overlapping PCR with sequencing and whole-genome sequencing were performed for structural analysis. Sequence types (STs) were determined by multilocus sequence typing. Exposure testing was performed to assess the ability of the isolates to acquire vancomycin resistance. Among 282 VSE isolates tested, 20 isolates (7.1%) were VVE. Among them, 17 isolates had partial deletions in the IS<i>1216</i> or IS<i>1542</i> sequences in <i>vanS</i> (N=10), <i>vanR</i> (N=5), or <i>vanH</i> (N=2). All VVE isolates belonged to the CC17 complex and comprised five STs, namely ST17 (40.0%), ST1421 (25.0%), ST80 (25.0%), ST787 (5.0%), and ST981 (5.0%). Most isolates were related to three hospital-associated clones (ST17, ST1421, and ST80). After vancomycin exposure, 18 of the 20 VVEs acquired vancomycin resistance. Considering the high reversion rate, detecting VVE by screening VSE for <i>vanA</i> is critical for appropriate treatment and infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"450-454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of AB vs. ABO-specific Plasma for Desensitization in Blood Group O Recipients: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Young Ae Lim","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0393","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutralizing capacity measurement (NCM) of soluble ABH substances (SAS) in plasma was assessed to guide the selection of the appropriate ABO group of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) for plasma exchange (PE) in blood group O recipients with ABO-incompatible transplantations. Neutralizing capacity was assessed by measuring anti-A and/or anti-B titers in samples comprising one unit of O FFP and 10 O EDTA plasma samples and subtracting the binary logarithm of the titer in each group with a saline dilution. Ten EDTA plasma samples with Lewis b (Le^b) antigen positivity and 10 sets of pooled FFP from each blood group were used as diluents. In O FFP, the NCM values (mean±SD) were 3.4±0.52 (2.6±0.52) and 2.6±0.52 (1.5±0.3) in B and AB for IgM (total antibody) anti-B (both <i>P</i><0.001), and in the 10 O EDTA plasma samples, they were 3.9±0.88 (3.1±0.88) and 3.2±0.79 (2.4±0.97) for IgM (<i>P</i>=0.0013) and total anti-B (<i>P</i>=0.025), respectively. <i>In vitro</i> analysis revealed that B FFP is more effective than AB FFP in reducing IgM and total anti-B antibody titers in O recipients, regardless of Le^b antigen positivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"359-362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139490771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of a High-Dose Hook Effect and Evaluation of Dilutions of Urine Myoglobin Specimens Using a Serum Myoglobin Assay.","authors":"Joshua Joon Hyung Hunsaker, Sonia Leilani La'ulu, Emily Zupan, Dhwani Patel, Vrajesh Pandya, Joseph William Rudolf","doi":"10.3343/alm.2023.0427","DOIUrl":"10.3343/alm.2023.0427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8421,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Laboratory Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"367-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10961618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}