Journal of Materials Chemistry B最新文献

{"title":"A red-shifted donor–acceptor hemicyanine-based probe for mitochondrial pH in live cells†","authors":"Fouzia Kalim, Gandhi Sivaraman, Himanshu Vankhede, Arati Ramesh, Sufi O. Raja and Akash Gulyani","doi":"10.1039/D4TB01839G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB01839G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >pH dynamically regulates diverse cellular functions and processes. At the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), nanoscale pH gradients generated by the electron transport chain (ETC) play a critical role in contributing to mitochondrial membrane potential that drives ATP synthesis and thermogenesis. However, tools to decouple pH gradients from the overall IMM potential in living cells are limited. This study integrates a fluorescent “benzo-indole” chromophore with a pH-sensitive “phenol” moiety into a single covalent skeleton to build a sensitive, red-shifted, cell-permeable pH probe (Mito-pH2). Mito-pH2 localizes inside mitochondria with high specificity presumably to the mitochondrial inner membrane by virtue of being an amphiphilic cation and can report dynamic changes in mitochondrial pH in living cells. Our design ensures that Mito-pH2 exhibits pH-sensitive dual-excitation and dual-emission peaks enabling ratiometric pH-sensing. Furthermore, Mito-pH2 reports an increase in pH in the pH range of 3–9 through a striking colour change from yellow to purple making it a sensitive all-purpose colorimetric pH probe. A combination of DFT calculations and spectroscopy shed light on likely sensing mechanisms including photophysics. Quantitative live-cell fluorescence imaging reveals that Mito-pH2 can detect dynamic changes in mitochondrial pH upon extracellular pH modulation with little or no measurable cytotoxicity during live imaging. Red-emitting Mito-pH2 opens new avenues of quantitative mapping of physiological mitochondrial membrane pH and significantly enhances the repertoire of environment-sensitive and low-toxicity mitochondrial probes that link mitochondrial state and micro-environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 19","pages":" 5550-5557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-powered sandwich-structured scaffold with dual-electroactive properties to regenerate damaged intervertebral discs after discectomy†","authors":"Jing Wang, Leizhen Huang, Tao Guo, Zheng Liu, Huilun Xu, Hao Yang, Limin Liu, Ganjun Feng and Li Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00100E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TB00100E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Discectomy is the most commonly used surgery in treating herniation-induced nerve compression, but it often destroys the structural integrity and leaves a defect in the intervertebral disc (IVD), leading to re-herniation risk. Considering that electric signals play a crucial role in tissue regeneration, a dual-electroactive scaffold was fabricated to promote the repair effect of the discectomy-left IVD defect. An electroconductive scaffold (G10) was 3D-printed firstly by doping graphene to form electro-osmotic networks in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix, then tetragonal barium titanate (T-BT) doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibrous membranes (B5) with piezoelectricity were electrospun on both the upper and lower surfaces of G10 to obtain a sandwich-structured scaffold (G10B5) with both piezoelectric and electroconductive activities. The <em>in vitro</em> experimental results confirmed that the dual-electroactive G10B5 scaffold could well mimic the electroconductive properties of natural IVDs and harvest ambient mechanical energy to produce electrical stimuli, thus recruiting surrounding stem cells. Following implantation in defective IVDs of rats, the dual-electroactive scaffolds could effectively decrease the loss of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintain the composite cartilage structure of IVDs. The dual-electroactive scaffold with a sandwich structure is proposed here to provide a novel strategy for treating the IVD defects after discectomy and broaden the application of electroactive biomaterials in tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 18","pages":" 5389-5402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional PLGA nanocomposites to improve beta cell replacement therapy in Type 1 diabetes†","authors":"Cátia Vieira Rocha, Andreia Patrícia Magalhães, Victor Gonçalves, Lara Diego-González, Manuel Bañobre-López and Juan Gallo","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00148J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB00148J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Diabetes Mellitus is a rapidly growing global health problem, with its prevalence having risen sharply in recent years. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment options are limited, with most of them significantly compromising the quality of life of these patients. This study presents the development and characterization of a multifunctional hybrid nanoformulation (mHNFs) designed to enhance the efficacy of beta cell replacement therapy in T1D. By encapsulating rapamycin and two types of magnetic nanoparticles (MnO and Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>) within PLGA, we aimed to address critical challenges in islet transplantation, including hypoxia and immunosuppression. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated dual imaging capabilities as MRI contrast agents, sustained drug release, and <em>in situ</em> oxygen generation, crucial for mitigating islet hypoxia and loss of function. <em>In vitro</em> studies confirmed the cytocompatibility of the system and its efficient internalization by rin-m cells. Additionally, O<small>₂</small> generation studies proved that mHNFs significantly reduced hypoxia levels. These results highlight the potential of these nanocarriers to improve the safety and efficacy of T1D islet transplantation treatments through a multifunctional approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 5808-5819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d5tb00148j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144036232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-swelling, antithrombotic and antibacterial zwitterionic hydrogel coatings with a sandwich structure on polymer substrates†","authors":"Zhang Jing, Tang Xuying, Wu Minmin, Feng Jie and Zhang Qinggang","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00222B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB00222B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Interventional medical catheters and blood-contact biomedical devices are crucial in clinical treatment, but they often face challenges such as thrombosis, infection and inflammation. In this study, a sandwich-structured hydrogel coating was successfully prepared with antithrombotic, antimicrobial and anti-swelling properties. The coating consisted of a polydopamine adhesion base layer, an antimicrobial and anti-swelling middle layer, and an anti-adhesive top layer. The middle layer contains Pluronic F127 diacrylate (FDA) micelles and the poly(methacryloyl sulfobetaine) (pSBMA) hydrogel, wherein glucose oxidase (GOx) encapsulated in FDA micelles is incorporated into the coating for achieving a sustained antimicrobial effect. The top layer consists of zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (pCBMA), which prevents non-specific protein adhesion and acts as a barrier to reduce the release of GOx and prolong its antimicrobial effect. The coating was applied onto the surface of silicone catheters, which showed excellent durability as well as antithrombotic and antimicrobial properties, providing a new solution to improve the safety and efficacy of clinical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 5948-5956"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144061357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penicillin-like mimotopes from autodisplayed Fv-antibody library inhibiting β-lactamase activity†","authors":"Hyung Eun Bae, Jaeyong Jung, Jeong Soo Sung, Soonil Kwon, Min-Jung Kang, Joachim Jose and Jae-Chul Pyun","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02793K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02793K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A penicillin-like mimotope was screened from an Fv-antibody library which had the inhibition activity of β-lactamase. Fv-antibody indicated the variable region (<em>V</em><small>_H</small>) of the immunoglobulin <em>G</em>, which includes three complementarity determining regions (CDRs). The Fv-antibody library was then prepared by randomizing the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3), and it was expressed on the outer membrane of <em>E. coli</em>. The penicillin-like mimotopes were screened from the Fv-antibody library using magnetic beads with an immobilized monoclonal anti-penicillin antibody. The screened mimotopes were expressed as soluble Fv-antibodies and were also synthesized into peptides (11-mer). The binding affinity (<em>K</em><small>_D</small>) of the expressed Fv-antibodies and synthesized peptides was estimated using SPR measurements. The β-lactamase inhibition activity of the Fv-antibodies and synthetic peptides was estimated using colorimetry based on the formation of penicilloic acid. The penicillin-like mimotopes of the expressed Fv-antibodies and synthesized peptides were demonstrated to have β-lactamase inhibition activity in the bacterial lysates. Finally, the docking analysis of β-lactamase and the screened CDR3 sequences demonstrated that the screened CDR3 sequences were specifically bound to the binding sites of β-lactamase.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6154-6163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/tb/d4tb02793k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing biosensing with wearable microneedle patches: innovations and applications","authors":"Navid Rabiee","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00251F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TB00251F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wearable microneedle (MN) patches have emerged as a transformative platform for biosensing, offering a minimally invasive and user-friendly approach to real-time health monitoring and disease diagnosis. Primarily designed to access interstitial fluid (ISF) through shallow skin penetration, MNs enable precise and continuous sampling of biomarkers such as glucose, lactate, and electrolytes. Additionally, recent innovations have integrated MN arrays with microfluidic and porous structures to support sweat-based analysis, where MNs act as structural or functional components in hybrid wearable systems. This review explores the design, fabrication, and functional integration of MNs into wearable devices, highlighting advances in multi-analyte detection, wireless data transmission, and self-powered sensing. Challenges related to material biocompatibility, sensor stability, scalability, and user variability are addressed, alongside emerging opportunities in microfluidics, artificial intelligence, and soft materials. Overall, MN-based biosensing platforms are poised to redefine personalized healthcare by enabling dynamic, decentralized, and accessible health monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 18","pages":" 5264-5289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zwitterionic polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticle induced chemotherapy and ferroptosis for triple-negative breast cancer therapy†","authors":"Jiaxin Zhang, Jingbo Lin, Chenxi Li, Shaoqi Sheng, Yichen Zhang and Wuli Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02701A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4TB02701A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive cancer with a high risk of metastasis and recurrence, is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death, is primarily caused by excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides, and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases. Mounting evidence indicates that ferroptosis is becoming a promising treatment for TNBC based on its inherent characteristics. Herein, zwitterionic polymer poly (<em>N</em>-(3-sulfopropyl)-<em>N</em>-methacryloxyethyl-<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethylammonium betaine) (PSBMA)-coated gambogenic acid (GNA)-loaded magnetic composite nanoparticles (Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@PSBMA-GNA) were fabricated for chemotherapy combined with ferroptosis therapy for TNBC. Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@PSBMA-GNA achieved significant cytotoxicity against TNBC cell lines and contributed to the disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis. Furthermore, Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@PSBMA-GNA could induce apoptosis through the inhibition of Bcl-2 and trigger ferroptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/GPX4 pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells simultaneously. Given the excellent blood circulation performance, Fe<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>@PSBMA-GNA enhanced tumor accumulation and showed a satisfactory tumor suppression effect on MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice. This strategy of chemotherapy combined with ferroptosis therapy is expected to be a feasible treatment for refractory TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 20","pages":" 5898-5910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HD-ALP fluorescent probe: a high-sensitivity tool for alkaline phosphatase imaging and preclinical diagnosis in three ovarian cancer models†","authors":"Yingxian Shi, Ruirui Dong, Huan Huang, Gaoying Wang, Jianyi Gao, Kai Wang and Ting Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00745C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5TB00745C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ovarian cancer (OC) remains a prevalent gynecological malignancy, posing significant threats to women's health globally. Emerging evidence underscores the critical involvement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in OC pathogenesis, prompting the development of targeted diagnostic tools. Herein, we report the successful application of a novel fluorescent probe, <strong>HD-ALP</strong>, for fluorescence imaging of ALP in ovarian cancer cells and preclinical models. After being triggered by ALP, <strong>HD-ALP</strong> responded in the fluorescence signal reporting manner. More importantly, the fluorescence signal showed a reliable linear correlation with ALP levels in the range of 0–10 000 U L<small>⁻¹</small>. The <strong>HD-ALP</strong> probe demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and stability under necessary biological conditions. The intracellular imaging results indicated that <strong>HD-ALP</strong> enabled the visualization of ALP levels within ovarian cancer cells. The <em>in vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that <strong>HD-ALP</strong> could accurately differentiate between healthy and cancerous models (subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of ovarian cancer, orthotopic ovarian cancer model, and primary ovarian cancer model). Notably, in cellular and <em>in vivo</em> imaging, <strong>HD-ALP</strong> could effectively reflect the decrease in the fluorescence signal after the addition of ALP inhibitors. By integrating ALP detection, which utilizes the <strong>HD-ALP</strong> fluorescence mode, with traditional methods like immunohistochemistry staining and serum biomarker detection, potential strategies for more accurate diagnosis of OC may be developed for preclinical trials in the future. According to the research, this is also one of the few developments of fluorescence detection tools for measuring ALP levels in ovarian cancer models.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 21","pages":" 6117-6127"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-membrane bioinspired nanocarriers for targeted therapy of MRSA-induced acute lung injury and bacteremia†","authors":"Cheng-Yu Lin, Yen-Tzu Chang, Yu-Kuo Chung, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Huang-Ping Yu and Jia-You Fang","doi":"10.1039/D4TB02742F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4TB02742F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bioinspired nanoparticles enhance the targeting of specific organs by facilitating interactions and communication at the nano-bio interface. Combining human neutrophil and lung epithelial cell membranes for nanoparticle cloaking offers distinct advantages in binding to bacteria and pulmonary epithelium, thus targeting infection-induced inflammatory areas. This study aimed to develop rifampicin-loaded biomimetic nanocarriers by wrapping a polymeric core with dual membranes derived from neutrophils and A549 cells, inheriting the membrane characteristics of the native cells. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these nanocarriers, methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and bacteremia models were established in mice. The hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles exhibited an average diameter of 191 nm and a nearly neutral surface charge of −2.7 mV. Zeta potential measurements, gel electrophoresis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the successful decoration of the membranes on the nanoparticles. The dual membrane-coated nanoparticles were readily and rapidly ingested by lung epithelial cells within five minutes, demonstrating superior cellular uptake compared to those coated with a single membrane. SEM analysis showed significant adherence of the hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles to the MRSA surface. The rifampicin-loaded nanocarriers effectively eradicated MRSA in its planktonic, biofilm, and intracellular forms. <em>In vivo</em> biodistribution studies in ALI mice revealed that the hybrid membrane-coated nanoparticles effectively targeted inflamed lungs, showing a two-fold increase in lung accumulation compared to the unfunctionalized nanoparticles. This targeted delivery significantly reduced the severity of lung damage caused by ALI and bacteremia, including MRSA burden, cytokine/chemokine expression, alveolar edema, and immune cell infiltration. The bioinspired nanocarriers improved the pulmonary targeting of inflamed sites and neutralized the proinflammatory mediators and toxins in the injured lung. No significant toxicity was observed in the healthy mice receiving the nanocarriers. Thus, targeted biomimetic nanocarriers, utilizing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory strategies, show promising benefits for treating pulmonary injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 19","pages":" 5686-5704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A viscosity-responsive mitochondria-targeting probe for rapid imaging of fatty liver disease†","authors":"Jiamin Liu, Hui Zhou, Deyi Li, Haotong Yin, Yi Zhou, Yuquan Ji, Yujing Zhang, Xinyue Zhang, Ben Wang, Chao Yin and Quli Fan","doi":"10.1039/D5TB00556F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5TB00556F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fatty liver disease (FLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, yet current diagnostic methods remain limited by low sensitivity, poor accuracy, and prolonged detection times. Recent studies have linked liver viscosity, particularly mitochondrial viscosity variations, to the progression of FLD, highlighting the need for a rapid and noninvasive viscosity-sensitive imaging tool. Herein, we present a viscosity-responsive fluorescent probe <strong>ZLCN</strong>, designed for rapid real-time imaging of fatty liver disease. <strong>ZLCN</strong> integrates an acrylonitrile rotor for viscosity sensing and a pyridine moiety for selective mitochondrial localization, enabling precise detection of viscosity alterations at the subcellular level. The probe exhibits strong fluorescence in high-viscosity environments due to restricted intramolecular rotation. <strong>ZLCN</strong> exhibits excellent viscosity responsiveness, effectively distinguishing normal and cancerous liver cells based on viscosity differences <em>in vitro</em>. Furthermore, it differentiates AML12 cells with varying viscosity levels, demonstrating its capability to monitor viscosity changes. In fatty liver models, <strong>ZLCN</strong> could produce intense fluorescence signals in fatty liver tissues and enabled rapid viscosity detection within 30 minutes, demonstrating a significant improvement over conventional imaging technique. These findings establish <strong>ZLCN</strong> as a promising tool for real-time mitochondrial viscosity monitoring, offering new avenues for early diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of viscosity-related liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":83,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","volume":" 19","pages":" 5545-5549"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}