Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Origin of Tar Balls Along the Beaches of Genaveh Region, Persian Gulf","authors":"Shirin Mohamadjafari Dehkordi,&nbsp;Alireaza Riyahi Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Mehdi Vafakhah,&nbsp;Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01105-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01105-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oil spills and tarballs are significant pollutants in marine environments, and identifying their sources is crucial for mitigating environmental impacts. This study aims to determine the primary sources of petroleum spills and tarballs along the shores of Genaveh (northwest of the Persian Gulf) by employing chemical fingerprinting techniques and biomarkers. Specifically, petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed in 19 tarball samples, 13 surface sediment samples from the Genaveh coast, and reference oil samples from 21 offshore oil platforms located in the Bahregan, Khark, Lavan, Siri, and Hendurabi regions. Samples were extracted using the Soxhlet extraction method, followed by two-step column chromatography, and the compositions of <i>n</i>-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The concentration of PAHs in coastal sediment samples from Genaveh ranged from 345 (S841) to 27,374 ng/g-dw (S852), indicating moderate to very high pollution levels. The total concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediment samples from Genaveh ranged from 8,694 (S842) to 27,374 µg/g-dw (S851), significantly exceeding <i>n-</i>alkane concentrations reported in surface sediments from many other regions worldwide, suggesting considerable pollution levels. For the 19 collected tarball samples, PAH concentrations varied from 597.5 to 10,173 ng/g-dw, while <i>n</i>-alkane concentrations ranged from 27,136 to 66,341 µg/g-dw, which may indicate differences in age or freshness. Diagnostic indicators, such as undifferentiated complex mixtures (UCM), a carbon preference index (CPI) close to 1 for <i>n-</i>alkanes, diagnostic ratios of PAHs, and ratios of hopanes and steranes, pointed to a predominantly petrogenic origin of hydrocarbons in the coastal sediments of Genaveh. The principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed a distinction between oil samples from the Lavan, Hendurabi, and Siri platforms, indicating oil leakage from the Khark oilfield pipelines (Doroud and Forouzan) and Bahregan oilfields (Bahregansar and Soroosh) as a major pollution source. This implies that both oil spills, observed in the coastal sediments of Genaveh, and episodic spills, represented by tarballs, originate from a similar, homogeneous source. Only sediment samples from stations S841 and S812 were not influenced by tarballs, suggesting pollution from a different source compared to other sediment samples.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"88 1","pages":"55 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00244-024-01105-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomonitoring of atmospheric deposition of potentially toxic elements at rural sites in Tuscany (Central Italy)","authors":"Mehriban Jafarova,&nbsp;Inga Zinicovscaia,&nbsp;Nikita Yushin,&nbsp;Ilaria Bonini,&nbsp;Aldo Winkler,&nbsp;Stefano Loppi","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01107-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01107-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the accumulation (deposition) of 13 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in moss tissue (dominated by <i>Hypnum cupressiforme</i> at 64% and <i>Pseudoscleropodium purum</i> at 13.4%) collected from 33 rural sites of Tuscany (Central Italy). In addition, the magnetic susceptibility of moss was measured to provide insight into the accumulation of anthropogenic particles. Prior to the analysis, moss samples were washed, and the rinse waters were also analyzed for PTEs. Exploratory spatial analysis and source identification of airborne PTEs were carried out; the results suggest that the main anthropogenic airborne pollutants in the region were Cd and Zn from long-range transport with the mean concentrations of 0.12 mg/kg and 18.2 mg/kg, respectively. Wet deposition was the dominant source for these elements, which were however accumulated by moss in modest amounts. Soil also emerged as an important source for several elements i.e., Al, Fe, Cr and Ni, but its contribution was largely unpredictable, as indicated by the lack of correlation between moss tissue and rinse water concentrations. Further, sample washing of a few seconds was not effective in fully removing soil particles. The sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the study are reliable and did not depend on the methodology used for data analysis. This is the first comprehensive regional-scale study in rural areas of Tuscany using moss biomonitoring, and as such, it provides important baseline data for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"88 1","pages":"29 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Oil Entrance from Hendijan Oil Field in the Northwest of the Persian Gulf Using Chemical Fingerprinting","authors":"Mitra Cheraghi,&nbsp;Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Mahmoud Memariani,&nbsp;Jahangard Mohammadi,&nbsp;Stefano Bonduà","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01103-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01103-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Concerning the entrance of oil into the Persian Gulf due to the presence of oil fields in this ecosystem, a wide investigation was carried out in 2017 to evaluate the hydrocarbons source identification and chemical fingerprinting. To this end, surface sediments were collected from the Persian Gulf. In the laboratory, compounds (<i>n</i>-alkanes, PAHs, hopane and sterane) were then extracted with a Soxhlet system and two steps of chromatographic columns and analyzed using a GC–MS instrument. The results showed that the concentrations of the <i>n</i>-alkanes and Σ30 PAHs increased with a reduction in distance from hot spots. This suggests that high concentrations of hydrocarbons in the locations near the hot spots might be due to oil leakage, transportation of and exploration for oil, pipeline fractures and industrial activities. A positive relation between total organic matter (TOM) and hydrocarbons was observed. A common petrogenic hydrocarbon source was strongly implied in most places by the presence of unresolved compounds resolved (UCM), lower molecular weight/higher molecular weight (LMW/HMW) and carbon preference index (CPI) ratios &lt; 1. Typical profiles of petrogenic PAHs with predominant alkyl substituted naphthalene and phenanthrene, various PAH ratios and multivariate analysis showed that PAHs were mainly derived from petrogenic sources. Simultaneous use of <i>n</i>-alkanes and PAHs in source identification can be effective to precisely specify the hydrocarbon sources in complicated mixture ecosystems. Furthermore, using multivariate analysis and chemical fingerprinting of <i>n</i>-alkanes, PAHs, hopanes and sterane confirmed that Hendijan crude oil may be the source of the sediment pollution in the study area.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"88 1","pages":"76 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00244-024-01103-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Effects Over Root Elongation in Selected Wild and Crop Plants Commonly Present in the Mediterranean Cropland and Pasture Scenarios","authors":"Carlos Sacristán,&nbsp;Marta Guerrero,&nbsp;Sonia Sánchez,&nbsp;Antonio Rodríguez,&nbsp;Rosa María García,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Ewbank,&nbsp;Meritxell Gros,&nbsp;Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz,&nbsp;Isaura Martín Martínez,&nbsp;Luis Guasch,&nbsp;Ana de la Torre","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01104-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01104-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fertilization with animal manure and sewage sludge, and the use of sewage water for irrigation, can lead to high antimicrobial concentrations in agricultural soils. Once in soil, antimicrobials can exert direct and indirect toxic effects on plants by misbalancing plant–microbe symbiotic relationships. We performed germination tests to determine the optimum germination conditions of 24 plant species (10 crop and 14 wild species). Subsequently, we analyzed the differences in oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine phytotoxicity in 19 plant species for which optimum germination conditions could be established. The root elongation of the majority of wild species was inhibited in the presence of oxytetracycline and sulfamethazine, whereas crops were mainly affected by oxytetracycline. There were no differences in sensitivity to oxytetracycline between crop and wild plant species, whereas wild plants were significantly more susceptible to sulfamethazine than crop species. Thus, to cover both productivity and biodiversity protection goals, we recommend pharmaceuticals’ predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values based on crop and wild plant species phytotoxicity data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"88 1","pages":"97 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Metal Concentrations in Lesser Flamingo Eggs and Eggshells Good Indicators of Environmental Pollution?","authors":"Nicole van Gessellen,&nbsp;Hindrik Bouwman","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01102-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01102-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metallic elements in excess may cause adverse biological effects. Flamingos, with a lifespan of up to 50 years, are therefore likely to accumulate metals from the highly saline waters where they feed and breed. The concentrations of accumulated metals would be reflected in organs, feathers, and eggs. There are no data available on metals in flamingo egg contents. Concentrations of 24 elements in egg content and eggshells from Lesser Flamingo <i>Pheoniconaias minor</i> breeding at Kamfers Dam South Africa suggest metal pollution, but with considerable variation between eggs, reflecting their nonbreeding, nomadic movements. Strontium in eggshells exceeded toxic reference values. Copper in egg contents suggests reproductive stress. Lower than-expected metal concentrations (especially mercury) in egg contents we attributed to several excretory pathways prior to oogenesis and embryogenesis, thereby protecting the embryo. Molar concentrations of selenium and mercury were not correlated. However, the mean molar ratio of 8.2 suggests a highly protective effect afforded by selenium. Relative compositional differences show that eggshells are not a proxy for egg contents. We highlight previously unrecognised routes of post-hatching pollutant uptake via consumption of eggshells and parental crop milk. The post-hatching development of flamingo chicks may therefore be more susceptible to pollutant disruption compared with embryonic development. We conclude that <i>P. minor</i> eggs are not good indicators of environmental metal pollution, nor does it reflect post-hatching risks. This first report on metal concentrations in egg contents of any flamingo species shows that a more nuanced approach is needed to protect Phoenicopteridae from pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"88 1","pages":"39 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11782381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Tropical Estuary Where Mercury Does Not Biomagnify and its Adjacent Waters that Render Extremely High Mercury Concentrations in Top Predators","authors":"Paulo R. Dorneles,&nbsp;Thaís de C. Paiva,&nbsp;Gabriel P. Bighetti,&nbsp;Dhoone Menezes,&nbsp;António M. B. Marques,&nbsp;Patricia S. L. Anacleto,&nbsp;Leonardo Flach,&nbsp;Fabíola H. S. Fogaça,&nbsp;Ana Paula C. Farro,&nbsp;Mariana F. Nery,&nbsp;Ana Lúcia Cypriano-Souza,&nbsp;Mirela D’arc,&nbsp;João P. M. Torres,&nbsp;Mariana B. Alonso","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01100-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01100-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In general, mercury (Hg) undergoes biomagnification in aquatic systems. The absence of Hg biomagnification in a certain aquatic environment constitutes an exceptional finding and this seems to be the case for Sepetiba Bay, in Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), Brazil. There are three distinct ecological populations of Guiana dolphins in the Sepetiba Bay (SB)–Ilha Grande Bay (IGB) Complex, inhabiting: (1) the inner part of SB; (2) SB entrance; and (3) IGB. In addition, there are two other delphinid species, rough-toothed dolphin and Atlantic spotted dolphin, that feed on the SB–IGB Complex. Considering the widely employed use of cetaceans as sentinels of environmental contamination by bioaccumulative toxicants, we have biopsy sampled individuals of the abovementioned ecological populations/species for measuring skin Hg concentrations. Two Bryde’s whales and one humpback whale were biopsied in the SB–IGB Complex as well. Skin Hg concentrations [μg g⁻¹ dry weight (dw)] of Guiana dolphins were the highest in IGB, followed by SB entrance and the inner part of SB (0.99–5.47; 0.09–6.00; 0.08–2.22). Considering all species investigated in the present study, skin Hg concentrations were found in the following order: humpback whale &lt; Bryde's whale &lt; Guiana dolphins from SB inner part &lt; Guiana dolphins from SB entrance &lt; Guiana dolphins IGB = Atlantic spotted dolphins &lt; rough-toothed dolphins. The skin Hg concentrations found in Guiana dolphins from the inner part of Sepetiba Bay (0.08–2.22) and rough-toothed dolphins from the SB–IGB Complex (1.26–20.0) are among the lowest and highest ever reported for dolphins worldwide, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"87 4","pages":"375 - 385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Residues in Cabbage and Nile Tilapia and Implications on Human Health and Ecosystems: A Case of Fogera District in Ethiopia","authors":"Abebaw Abaineh,&nbsp;Dessalegn Ejigu,&nbsp;Minaleshewa Atlabachew,&nbsp;Balew Yibel Zeleke,&nbsp;Eshete Dejen,&nbsp;Gashaw Tilahun,&nbsp;Kidanemariam Teklay Hilawea","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01099-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01099-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pesticides have posed health risks to consumers and the ecosystems in different parts of the world, including Ethiopia, and researchers recommend continual assessments of pesticide residues in food items and ecosystems to know the level of risks. This study aimed to quantify the pesticide residues in samples of cabbage and fish and their risks to humans and the ecosystems. The cabbage samples were collected from April to May 2023 from 3 market centers, and the fish samples were collected in June 2023 from two fish ponds of Fogera District of Ethiopia using appropriate sampling procedures, extracted using the modified QuEChERS methods, and analyzed using a triple quadrupole GC/MS technique to quantify the pesticide residues and level the risks to humans and the ecosystems. The findings of the present study confirmed that all the samples of cabbage and fish were contaminated with pesticide residues. More than 44% and 37% of pesticide residues detected in both cabbage and fish samples were organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides, respectively. Furthermore, 92.86% of the pesticide residues and 96.43% of the maximum pesticide residues in cabbage exceeded the MRL and the TQ set by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The sum total hazard indices of the pesticide residues in the cabbage (22.320) and fish (43.071) were much higher than the threshold value. Though Fogera District is a potential area for fish production in ponds, agricultural pesticides are a threat to the sector. Establishing an efficient system of monitoring for the pesticide supply chain and application procedures, choosing the appropriate pesticide types, timing in spraying, and establishing pesticide-free buffer zones are crucial steps in mitigating the negative effects of pesticides in the area.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"87 4","pages":"427 - 445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granulometric and Geochemical Distribution of Arsenic in a Mining Environmental Liability in a Semi-arid Area","authors":"Francisco Javier Mora-Sánchez,&nbsp;Agustín Gómez-Álvarez,&nbsp;Martín Antonio Encinas-Romero,&nbsp;Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela-García,&nbsp;Martín Enrique Jara-Marini,&nbsp;Kareen Krizzan Encinas-Soto,&nbsp;Arturo Israel Villalba-Atondo,&nbsp;Guadalupe Dórame-Carreño","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01098-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the \"El Lavadero\" tailings deposit, a mining environmental liability (MEL) located near the town of San Felipe de Jesús, Sonora, in northwest Mexico. The objective was to determine the total arsenic (As) content, its granulometric and geochemical distribution, as well as its mobilization capacity and bioavailability. The results from oxidized and unoxidized tailings showed low potential of hydrogen (pH) values (2.4–5.7) and high concentrations of total arsenic (8235–36,004 mg kg⁻¹), predominantly in the finer granulometric fractions (&lt; 0.05 mm). Arsenic also prevails in the finest fraction of agricultural soil (&gt; 2 mm). These fine particles could present adverse environmental effects due to their potential to be transported by leaching and water suspension. In contrast, arsenic in the effluent sediments is primarily found in the coarser fraction (&gt; 2 mm). A significant proportion of arsenic in the tailings (5–40%) was found in the non-residual geochemical fractions (I + II + III) (1106–7675 mg kg⁻¹), indicating potential for mobilization and bioavailability. Depending on environmental conditions (redox potential and pH), arsenic can redissolve and exhibit high mobility in abiotic media, which may ultimately impact the environment and human health. Therefore, it is crucial to rehabilitate the \"El Lavadero\" MEL to prevent further environmental damage. This study provides useful information to understand some phenomena in other global mining environmental liabilities, such as mobilization and bioavailability of arsenic and its possible impact on the surrounding environment and biota, contributing to the worldwide research of ecosystems polluted by mining activity, especially in arid and semi-arid climates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"87 4","pages":"409 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Exposure Routes and Risk Assessment of Isocyanates in Indoor Environments","authors":"Yuna Kakimoto,&nbsp;Kazushi Noro,&nbsp;Qi Wang,&nbsp;Yuichi Miyake,&nbsp;Takashi Amagai","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01097-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01097-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isocyanates are used as raw materials for polyurethane foams, paints, and building materials. The isocyanates can cause acute adverse health effects such as irritation of the respiratory tract, skin, and eyes, and induce asthma and sick house syndrome. However, investigations into the potential sources and risk assessments of indoor isocyanates are limited. Thus, this study aimed to determine the sources and exposure routes of isocyanates and to assess their risk in indoor environments. The results showed that household products, such as infant chairs, mattresses, and polyurethane foam spray, used in indoor environments are potential sources of atmospheric isocyanic acids (ICA). Toluene diisocyanate and methyl isocyanate pose relatively high risks to indoor environments. Total concentrations of isocyanates ranged from 38.2 to 1570 ng g⁻¹ in infant chairs, mattresses, and spray polyurethane foams. The indoor products can be indoor sources of ICA because emission rates of ICA from household products were observed in all products (0.0536–1.37 ng g⁻¹ d⁻¹). Field observations showed that isocyanate concentrations in house-dust samples ranged from 0.194±0.126 (ethyl isocyanate) to 70.1±67.8 (ICA) ng g⁻¹. Atmospheric isocyanate concentrations ranged from 0.0030±0.020 (propyl isocyanate) to 26.0±14.3 (ICA) ng m⁻³. An estimation of human exposure demonstrated that air inhalation was the major route of isocyanate exposure. The minimum margin of exposure values of methyl isocyanate and toluene diisocyanate were 523 and 655, respectively, for children, indicating that they may pose a relatively high risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"87 4","pages":"460 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radionuclides’ Dispersion from Coal-Fired Brick Kilns: Geo-Environmental Processes, Potential Risks and Management","authors":"Muhibul Munim,&nbsp;Rahat Khan,&nbsp;Md. Kawsaruzzaman,&nbsp;Kamrun Naher,&nbsp;Umma Tamim,&nbsp;Abubakr M. Idris,&nbsp;Md. Harunor Rashid Khan,&nbsp;Saad Aldawood,&nbsp;Abu Hekmot Mohammad Saadat,&nbsp;Md. Ahosan Habib","doi":"10.1007/s00244-024-01096-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-024-01096-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to investigate the distributions and possible dispersion mechanism(s) of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs: ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K) from coal-based brick kilns, a systematic set (<i>n</i> = 60) of coal, ash, surface-soil, and subsurface soil samples were analyzed. High-quality analytical data of U, Th and K obtained from HPGe detector and TRIGA Mark-II research reactor-based neutron activation analysis were converted to the corresponding radioactivities. Average (<i>n</i> = 10) radioactivities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K in coal samples were 15.6, 16.7, and 145.5 Bq.kg⁻¹, respectively, where only ⁴⁰ K surpassed the corresponding global mean value. Average (<i>n</i> = 10) radioactivities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K in ash samples were 62.7, 88.5, and 521 Bq.kg⁻¹, respectively, where only ²²⁶Ra was within the established limit. In soil samples, average (<i>n</i> = 40) activities of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K were 62.7, 95.1, and 641 Bq.kg⁻¹, respectively, which have surpassed the corresponding worldwide mean values. The observed differences in activity levels between soil samples collected near and far from the kilns, as well as between topsoil and subsoil samples, suggest the presence of distinct transport mechanisms for NORMs within the pedosphere. Dispersions of NORMs from the brick kilns to the ambient pedosphere are largely governed by aerodynamic convection and hydrodynamic leaching. These mechanisms are also influenced by geochemical mobility and relative solubility of NORMs, as well as factors such as rainfall patterns and wind-flow direction. Radiological indices invoke long-term carcinogenic-risks, whereas aerodynamic convection of finer particles (coal fly ash) from chimneys can cause significant health hazards to the nearby dwellers. Scientific processes as well as public awareness are essential to mitigate the risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"87 4","pages":"386 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}