Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology最新文献_第10页

Statistical Post-Processing Method for Evaluating Bioaccumulation in Fish Due to Dietary Exposure in Japan 日本用于评估因饮食暴露导致的鱼类生物累积的统计后处理方法。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01035-9

Yoshiyuki Inoue, Yuka Koga, Ryoko Takeshige, Hidekazu Murakami, Takumi Takamura

{"title":"Statistical Post-Processing Method for Evaluating Bioaccumulation in Fish Due to Dietary Exposure in Japan","authors":"Yoshiyuki Inoue, Yuka Koga, Ryoko Takeshige, Hidekazu Murakami, Takumi Takamura","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01035-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01035-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In 2018, the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 305 was introduced into Japan’s Chemical Substances Control Law. The Japanese government has adopted a single definitive testing criterion for the absence of high bioaccumulation: the growth-corrected kinetic dietary magnification factor (BMFKg) must be less than 0.007. The aim of this study was to decrease regulatory restrictions in order to increase newly developed chemical substances and their subsequent approval of their manufacture and import, i.e., the present study was motivated by concerns over the criterion being too restrictive, rather than scientific concerns, such as uncertainty in criterion. We used statistical post-processing to assess the possibility of expanding the criteria for not being highly bioaccumulative. Based on our results, we proposed the criterion that the test substance should be considered not highly bioaccumulative if the following two conditions are met: (1) The ratio of the maximum to the minimum measured 5% lipid-standardized biomagnification factor at the end of the uptake phase (BMF5%, n = 5) for the test substance and reference substance should be less than 3.0, and (2) For the measured BMF5% of the test substance (n = 5), the probability that the next (the sixth) BMF5% is below 0.0334 should exceed 95% based on statistical post-processing. It is worth noting that the BMF5% values should only be applied for non-ionizable lipid soluble compounds. Application of our suggested approach to Japan implies that the criterion for chemical substances that are not highly bioaccumulative in the dietary exposure bioaccumulation fish test would be increased from 0.007 to 0.0149.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"404 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71410370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Influence of Organic Carbon, Aging Time and Temperature on Bioaccessibility of Bifenthrin 评估有机碳、老化时间和温度对联苯菊酯生物可及性的影响。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-10-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01039-5

Mia Arkles, Federico Sinche, Michael J. Lydy

引用次数: 0

Selenite Adsorption and Reduction via Iron(II) Impregnated Activated Carbon Produced from the Phosphoric Acid Activation of Construction Waste Wood 建筑废弃木材磷酸活化制备的浸铁活性炭对亚硒酸盐的吸附和还原。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01032-y

Oliver K. L. Strong, Hamant E. France, Kevin Scotland, Kelly Wright, Andrew J. Vreugdenhil

{"title":"Selenite Adsorption and Reduction via Iron(II) Impregnated Activated Carbon Produced from the Phosphoric Acid Activation of Construction Waste Wood","authors":"Oliver K. L. Strong, Hamant E. France, Kevin Scotland, Kelly Wright, Andrew J. Vreugdenhil","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01032-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01032-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Chemical activation of waste materials, to form activated carbon, (AC) is complicated by the large amounts of chemical activating agents required and wastewater produced. To address these problems, we have developed an optimized process for producing AC, by phosphoric acid activation of construction waste. Waste wood from construction sites was ground and treated with an optimized phosphoric acid digestion and activation that resulted in high surface areas (> 2000 m2/g) and a greater recovery of phosphoric acid. Subsequently the phosphoric acid activated carbon (PAC), was functionalized with iron salts and evaluated for its efficacy on the adsorption of selenite and selenate. Total phosphoric acid recovery was 96.7% for waste wood activated with 25% phosphoric acid at a 1:1 ratio, which is a substantially higher phosphoric acid recovery, than previous literature findings. Post activation impregnation of iron salts resulted in iron(II) species adsorbed to the PAC surface. The iron(II) chloride impregnated AC removed up to 11.41 ± 0.502 mg selenium per g Iron-PAC. Competitive ions such as sulfate and nitrate had little effect on selenium adsorption, however, phosphate concentration did negatively impact the selenium uptake at high phosphate levels. At 250 ppm, approximately 75% of adsorption capacity of both the selenate and the selenite solutions was lost, although selenium was still preferentially adsorbed. Peak adsorption occurred between a pH of 4 and 11, with a complete loss of adsorption at a pH of 13.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"485 - 497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41189584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging and Legacy Pollutants in Vietnam Related to the Climate–Water–Energy–Food Nexus 越南新出现的和遗留的污染物与气候、水、能源和粮食的关系。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01030-0

Duc Huy Dang, Margaret C. Graham, Quang Khai Ha

引用次数: 0

Factors Contributing to Accumulation of 210Po in Freshwater Fishes in Dong Thai Lake, Vietnam and Radiological Hazard Assessment 越南洞泰湖淡水鱼类210Po积累的影响因素及辐射危害评价

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01033-x

Van-Hao Duong, Trung-Tien Chu, Thanh-Nam Nguyen

{"title":"Factors Contributing to Accumulation of 210Po in Freshwater Fishes in Dong Thai Lake, Vietnam and Radiological Hazard Assessment","authors":"Van-Hao Duong, Trung-Tien Chu, Thanh-Nam Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01033-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01033-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>210Po (polonium), one of the most toxic naturally occurring radionuclides, is well-known as a common natural radionuclide in fish species. Human consumption of 210Po-contaminated fish could result in a significant internal dose. This study determined by alpha spectrometry the 210Po activity in sixteen selected fish species with different living behaviors (pelagic, demersal), trophic positions (herbivores, carnivores, omnivorous), and masses in Dong Thai Lake, Hanoi, Vietnam. The min, max, and average of the 210Po concentration of sixteen fish species were 0.80 ± 0.44, 12.7 ± 0.20, and 3.54 ± 0.31 Bq kg−1, respectively. Regarding the different living behaviors, trophic positions, and masses, the results showed trending of 210Popelagic > 210Podemersal; 210Poherbivores < 210Pocarnivores < 210Poomnivorous and 210Po<0.2 kg > 210Po0.2-1 kg > 210Po>1 kg, respectively. The 210Po concentrations in muscle tissue were greater in fish species with a small mass, omnivorous trophic position, and pelagic living behavior relative to demersal fish with a larger mass that were herbivores or carnivores. In addition, the results showed an uneven distribution of 210Po activities in atmospheric aerosols, terrestrial soils, surface waters, and lake sediments in the study area. The primary source of 210Po could be supplied from atmospheric aerosols and/or terrestrial soils in the study area. The 210Po annual effective dose for adults due to fish consumption has been calculated with a range from 20 to 400 µSv y−1 and 111 µSv. y−1 on average, and it is far below the allowable limits of 1000 µSv y−1.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 3","pages":"314 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50503954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cadmium-109 Internal Kinetics in Diamond Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii are Strongly Influenced by Salinity, Exposure Pathway and History 镉-109体内动力学受盐度、暴露途径和历史的强烈影响。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01031-z

Ross A. Jeffree, Scott J. Markich, Francois Oberhaensli, Jean-Louis Teyssie

{"title":"Cadmium-109 Internal Kinetics in Diamond Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii are Strongly Influenced by Salinity, Exposure Pathway and History","authors":"Ross A. Jeffree, Scott J. Markich, Francois Oberhaensli, Jean-Louis Teyssie","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01031-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01031-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Cadmium-109 whole-body and internal biokinetics were experimentally investigated in critically endangered diamond sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii after uptake from water or food, in fresh (FW) and brackish (BW; 9‰) salinities typical of the Caspian Sea. Whole-body rates of uptake of 109Cd from water and subsequent depuration were quantified over 14 and 28 days, respectively. Uptake was greater in FW than BW by a factor of 2.4, but depuration rates were similar in both salinities. In contrast, for the dietary (chironomid) exposure pathway 109Cd assimilation efficiencies (AEs) were higher in BW (13%) compared to FW (9.5%). Head (including gills) or digestive tract were major repositories of 109Cd following aqueous and dietary exposures, respectively, including both uptake and depuration phases. The point-of-entry of 109Cd into the body was also a major and persistent determiner of its subsequent internal distribution. For aqueous exposures, the internal distributions of 109Cd changed appreciably during depuration with increased activity concentrations in some body components, which again varied with salinity. Increased salinity appreciably enhanced the percentage distributions and activity concentrations of 109Cd in the liver, kidney and digestive tract, which are typically most pathologically altered by elevated Cd exposure. For dietary exposure, increased salinity also enhanced 109Cd activity concentrations in most body components. The results repeatedly indicate the important role of salinity in the whole-body and internal biokinetics of 109Cd in A. gueldenstaedtii, a representative of both a phylogenetically distinct and most endangered family of fishes.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"374 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10159803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of Inorganic Contaminants Along the Coast of Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay 乌拉圭科斯塔城沿岸无机污染物的分布。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01029-7

Fiorella Iaquinta, Eugenia Antelo, Ignacio Machado

{"title":"Distribution of Inorganic Contaminants Along the Coast of Ciudad de la Costa, Uruguay","authors":"Fiorella Iaquinta, Eugenia Antelo, Ignacio Machado","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01029-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The aim of this work was to study the distribution of relevant inorganic contaminants in environmental samples from Ciudad de la Costa, the second most populated city of Uruguay. For this task aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) levels were determined in sand, water, and plant material from six beaches that are located in the area. Analytical methods were successfully validated. Accuracy was ensured by using certified reference materials and spiking procedures. Average metal concentrations in sand and water samples were compared with the maximum limits established by international or national regulations (when available), being far below these limits in all cases. This may indicate that the inorganic contamination in the studied area is rather low, despite the rapid increase in anthropic activities in recent years. To give a deeper characterization of the ecosystem, metal accumulation and mobility within a common plant of the zone, Ammophila arenaria, were studied. Results showed that concentrations in roots were one order of magnitude higher in comparison to aerial parts. In addition, the bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC) showed that the plant accumulates Cd, Cr and Ni, while a low accumulation for Pb was observed. Finally, a Cr(VI) speciation analysis in Ammophila arenaria was performed, showing Cr(VI) percentages below 4.6%, which is relevant from the (eco)toxicological point of view due to the high environmental mobility and bioavailability of this valence state. This work constitutes the first environmental surveillance report of this kind, regarding this populated area of the country.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"349 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10113535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket 印度食品篮子中有毒和必需元素的发生、来源和饮食暴露。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x

Manisha Jain, Brij Mohan Sharma, Sarita Sachdeva, Jan Kuta, Rostislav Červenka, Luca Nizzetto, Praveen Kukreti, Girija K. Bharat, Paromita Chakraborty

{"title":"Occurrence, Source and Dietary Exposure of Toxic and Essential Elements in the Indian Food Basket","authors":"Manisha Jain, Brij Mohan Sharma, Sarita Sachdeva, Jan Kuta, Rostislav Červenka, Luca Nizzetto, Praveen Kukreti, Girija K. Bharat, Paromita Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01017-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In this study, representative urban and peri-urban Indian food baskets have been studied for the presence of toxic and essential elements. The concentration of target toxic and essential elements was used to estimate dietary intakes (EDIs) and health risks. Across all food matrices, toxic elements like Cd and Pb were dominant. The highest concentrations of the target elements were found in vegetables, with Cd, Pb, and Ni being beyond permissible limits of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health organization (0.05 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively) in okra, spinach, and cauliflower. The sum of concentrations of the toxic elements (As, Ni, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb) in vegetables had a range of 0.54–12.08 mg/kg, the highest sum was found in spinach (median 12.08 mg/kg), followed by okra (median 1.68 mg/kg). The EDI was observed for vegetables with a contribution as high as 92% for Cd. Dairy products were found with the highest loading for Ni with a dietary intake of 3.1 mg/kg/day for adults and twice as much for children. Carcinogenic risk for Ni was the highest and found above the threshold for all food categories, as was the case with As. Cumulative carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were mostly contributed by milk and vegetables, in particular, spinach.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"466 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10119853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Temporal and Spatial Variations of Potentially Toxic Elements in PM10 Collected in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯吉达市PM10中潜在有毒元素的时空变化

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01026-w

Abdallah A. Shaltout, Mohammad W. Kadi, Omar H. Abd-Elkader, Johan Boman

{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Variations of Potentially Toxic Elements in PM10 Collected in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Abdallah A. Shaltout, Mohammad W. Kadi, Omar H. Abd-Elkader, Johan Boman","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01026-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01026-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Air pollution causes environmental and health problems around the world. In this study, ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 10 microns (PM10) has been collected at three different locations in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The locations are characterized by differences in terms of traffic, residential intensity, industrial, and non-road mobile machinery activities. The monthly and annual mass concentration of the PM10 exceeds the recommended annual limit of the World Health Organization (15 µg/m3) and the European air quality standard (40 µg/m3) at the three locations. The collected PM10 samples as well as a certified reference material of atmospheric particulates (NIST 1678a) were digested in aqua regia using microwave digestion. The quantitative elemental analysis was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The variations of the elemental concentration in terms of workdays, weekends, seasons, and annual were determined at the three locations. The spatial and temporal elemental variations were found to be different between the three sites, pointing to local influences that should be further evaluated. The concentration of Cd was found to be high and may cause health problems.</div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"451 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10134889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glyphosate is Harmful to Early Life Stages of the Viviparous Fish Jenynsia Multidentata: Biochemical and Locomotor Effects 草甘膦对胎生多齿鱼早期生命阶段的危害:生化和运动影响。

IF 4 4区环境科学与生态学

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Pub Date : 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01015-z

Jenifer Silveira Moraes, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Bernardo dos Santos Vaz, Catiúscia Weinert Mizuschima, Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins

{"title":"Glyphosate is Harmful to Early Life Stages of the Viviparous Fish Jenynsia Multidentata: Biochemical and Locomotor Effects","authors":"Jenifer Silveira Moraes, Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva, Bernardo dos Santos Vaz, Catiúscia Weinert Mizuschima, Camila de Martinez Gaspar Martins","doi":"10.1007/s00244-023-01015-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00244-023-01015-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide due to its efficacy in weed control in agriculture. This herbicide has been consistently detected in the aquatic environment, causing harmful consequences to nontarget organisms residing in agricultural regions. In this study, we assessed the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate (30–100 µg/L) on the early life stages of the viviparous fish Jenynsia multidentata through biochemical and locomotor endpoints. At 96 h of exposure, 30 and 65 µg/L glyphosate caused an increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and 65 µg/L glyphosate also augmented the levels of lipid peroxidation. Glyphosate at 100 µg/L did not alter the activity of acetylcholinesterase or the levels of lipid peroxidation, but it stimulated the activity of the cellular detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase. In addition, all concentrations affected the swimming of the fish. Under light conditions, glyphosate caused hypolocomotion at all concentrations tested, whereas under dark conditions, this was observed at 30 and 100 µg/L. Hyperlocomotion was observed at 65 µg/L glyphosate. These findings are alarming for the health of fish, such as J. multidentata that inhabit streams that pass through agricultural areas, especially for the early life stages of these fish. Research studying the effects of pollutants on native species is relevant to improve regulation that protects aquatic ecosystems.<h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8377,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","volume":"85 4","pages":"417 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10089547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0