Zambezia最新文献

{"title":"Family Planning Prevalence, Acceptance and Use in Chitungwiza","authors":"Freddie P Mupambireyi, E. Ziramba","doi":"10.4314/zjh.v29i2.6732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/zjh.v29i2.6732","url":null,"abstract":"iis study utilises data collected in the Chitungiuiza socio-demograpliic suiivy (1990) to determine the levels of knoivledge, ever-use and current use of family planning among Chitungwiza women. Also examined is the ideal number of children and the channels used to distribute family planning information in Chitungwiza. The study has shown that zuhilst the level ofknoiuledge is quite high among Chitungzoiza women, levels of use particularly current use are not substantial. Discussion of the ideal family size is a common phenomenon among Chitungwiza spouses.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"88 1","pages":"235-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83835613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent Literacies: Raising Questions about the Place of Computer Technologies in Education and Society in a Developing Country: The Case of Zimbabwe","authors":"K. Hungwe","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6724","url":null,"abstract":"77iis article discusses the meaning of literacy in a technologically changing world. The rapidly expanding use of computer technologies in society has prompted calls for the re-orientation of education and training curricula. TJiis article critically examines what it means to be literate in the computer age and assesses the feasibility of setting 'computer literacy' as an educational goal. Throughout the discussion, the term 'computer literacy' appears in quotes to make the point that its meaning is both contentious and fluid. It is contended that Zimbabwean policy makers have tended to presume the value of computers, without critically examining how the technologies relate to education and society. The Origins of Computing Technologies Computer technologies emerged from the information and analytic requirements of advanced industrial societies during and after the Second World War. Computers were the perfect answer to the increasing demand for enhanced data processing capabilities. According to Berman, Wartime national mobilization, the Cold War, the rapid post-1945 expansion of the welfare state, and the growth of more interventionist state policies of economic planning and management in 'mixed' economies all led to the rapid growth of the state bureaucracies, civil and military, and an increasing burden of 'number crunching' tabulations. The first electronic computer was commissioned in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. It was called the ENIAC (Electronic Integrator and Automatic Computer), and it filled a room the size of a small two-bedroom house. ENIAC's memory was tiny and could only hold twenty 10-digit numbers. By 1960, developments in microelectronics, and in particular the B. J. Berman, 1992, 'The state, computers, and African development: The information non-revolution', in S. Grant Lewis & J. Samoff eds, Microcomputers in African Development: Critical Perspectives, Westview: Boulder, & Co.: 218.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"20 1","pages":"121-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81472281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Youth Earnings: The Case of Harare","authors":"Honest Zhou","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6730","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the factors that are important in determining youth \u0000earnings in the formal sector in Harare. The theoretical approach adopted is the \u0000human capital theory. Youth earnings are regressed against a number of human \u0000capital variables, personal characteristics variables as well as socio-economic \u0000variables. The model is applied to a particular age group. The results suggest that \u0000human capital variables are important determinants of youth earnings in the \u0000formal sector. These include the number of years spent in education, the highest \u0000level of education achieved and the choice of subjects at GCE ‘O’ level.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"24 1","pages":"213-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78194033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexicographical Developments in the Shona Language as Reflected in the Making of the Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona (DGS)","authors":"Nomalanga Mpofu","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6726","url":null,"abstract":"Tin's article traces lexicogiaphical developments in Shona, one of the major languages of Zimbabwe, with particular focus on corpus building and the role the corpus has played in Shona lexicography in the past hundred or so years and recent developments as reflected in the making o/Duramazwi Guru ReChiShona by the African Languages Research Institute (ALR1) team of the University of Zimbabwe. Background Lexicography in Shona is not a new discipline. It dates as far back as the 1850s when missionaries began constructing orthographies for Shona speakers in the areas in which the missionaries were stationed. These early orthographies were to be used to construct vocabularies that would enable the translation of religious texts from English into Shona. From then until the 1990s, several glossaries and dictionaries were produced. As Fortune (1979,1992) correctly observed, Shona dictionaries compiled in this period were all bilingual in nature. Their primary purpose was to provide a written basis for the lexical items of the language as a whole (Fortune 1992:18) and were targeted at foreign mission workers, settlers, miners, and prospectors in order to aid them in their interactions and contacts with the local people. Most of these early publications were essentially grammar texts that merely described the nature of the language to non-Shona speakers. According to Fortune, these early publications revealed both the compilers' very limited knowledge of the language and of the techniques of dictionary making (1992: 17). The fact that compilers of these early publications were describing a language that had not been written before, often worked in isolation in their remote mission stations and relied mainly on their own Bible translations for headwords or lexical items to use in the","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"128 3","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72490924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexical Metamorphosis of the Kalanga Language: Towards an Analysis of the Impact of Ndebele Domination of the Kalanga Language","authors":"H. Moyo","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6725","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the lexical metamorphosis of the Kalanga language caused by the dominance of the language by Ndebele. It is based on research conducted among the Kalanga-speaking people of Bulilima-mangwe in Matebeleland and argues that because of the domination of Kalanga by Ndebele, the Kalanga language is undergoing a lexical metamorphosis which poses a threat to its survival unless measures are taken to promote and preserve it. Preservation of Kalanga is important, given the fact that language is a vehicle of culture and the death of Kalanga would, thus, spell the demise of Kalanga culture.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"14 1","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87856407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Career Perceptions and Visions of Boys and Girls in Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe: Some Implications for Teachers and Parents","authors":"J. Mapfumo, R. Chireshe, M. Peresuh","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6727","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the career perceptions and visions of boys and girls in secondary schools. Subjects (N=120) were students enrolled in Fonns 1 to 6 who were drawn from secondary schools in ManicalanJ and Masvingo educational regions. An open-ended questionnaire ivas used to generate data. The Pearson Product Moment Conelation (r) was used to analyse the data. Results showed that both boys and girls had similar perceptions about male and female jobs. It was also indicated that relatives were the chief influences in career choice among boys and girls. Male students had higher educational aspirations than females. The study recommended the education of relatives especially parents on careers so as to avoid negative influences on career choice. A vigorous offering of guidance and counseling in secondary schools was also recommended.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"8 1","pages":"156-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Theory and Practice of Governance of Water Resources in Zimbabwe","authors":"E. Manzungu, K. Kujinga","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6729","url":null,"abstract":"Since independence in 1980, agricultural land reform in Zimbabwe has been and continues to receive extensive discussion, although the question of how the distributed land will be governed has not been spelt out adequately. This article examines the issue of governance of water resources in Zimbabwe since water and land are complementary in agricultural production. The question being addressed is whether the theory of governance of water resources, as laid out in the new water legislation, is leading to a betterment of the management of water resources in the country. The analysis is based on recorded meetings of the Save Catchment Council and two of its subcatchments, the Odzi and Upper Save, representing the new institutions created to ensure local participation in the management of water resources. The analysis focuses on the functions and responsibilities assigned to the institutions, the power and authority that they are allowed to wield and their capacity in relation to information, knowledge, and skill base. The article shows that the issue of governance of water resources in Zimbabwe is imbued or endowed with a lot of theory, which is difficult to follow in practice. For example, it has not guaranteed the empowerment of all stakeholders. There is a need to revisit some of the regulations to make them facilitate good governance of water resources through strong local participation.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"49 1","pages":"191-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86014315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Shona (derivational) Morphology: An Observation in Search of a Theory'","authors":"K. Mkanganwi","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6728","url":null,"abstract":"This article concerns a traditional analysis of Shona morphology, which is based on a (positional) classification of affix morphemes into prefixes and suffixes. It posits the hypothesis that the distinction supports the other traditional (but more controversial) distinction between inflectional and derivational affixes, a distinction which is seen by many scholars in the literature as not being a sharp one. What, however, seems to be the case for Shona, and possibly for Bantu as well, is that the distinction is in fact quite sharp, and is based on the simple positional distinction between prefix and suffix. All Shona affixes fall into three classes, namely inflectional, derivational and clitical. The data seems to support the hypothesis. This study on morphology proceeds on the basis of the following key assumptions. The morpheme as the basic notion of morphology is uncontroversial, theoretically speaking. Bloomfield's theoretical construct has remained basically the same over the years, and Nida's 1949 definition of morphology as 'the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words' is widely accepted in Linguistics. The other key assumptions are that the classification of morphemes into roofs and affixes, the positional classification of affixes, in relation to root morphemes, into prefixes and suffixes and the fact that morphemes are either free or bound are no longer controversial issues. Lastly, this article also proceeds on the assumption that root morphemes have either a primary or secondary (i.e. derived) lexical category membership. These assumptions mean that the following general observations about Shon.i can safely be made. Shona has roots and affixes, prefixes and suffixes, free morphemes and bound morphemes. The vast majority of Shona morphemes are bound, in the sense that each must occur with at least one other morpheme. Free morphemes, like ideophones, necessarily constitute monomorphemic 'words'. All Shona affixes are bound morphemes. All free morphemes in Shona are roots, but most Shona root morphemes are also bound. A Shona 'word' has the following typical morphological structure (root morphemes in bold):","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"201 1","pages":"174-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76995997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speculation and exploitation: the Southern Rhodesian mining industry in the company era","authors":"I. Phimister","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I2.6771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I2.6771","url":null,"abstract":"Spekulasie en eksploitasie : die Suid-Rhodesiese Mynboubedryf in die Company -era In die geskiedskrywing oor mynbou in koloniale Zimbabwe word algemeen \u0000saamgestem dat die bedryf op die uitbuiting van goedkoop swart arbeid geskoei was. \u0000Eenstemmigheid geld ook in die historiografie wat betref die periodisering van die \u0000geskiedenis. 'n Aanvanklike periode van spekulasie en bedrog is na die draai van die \u0000twintigste eeu gevolg deur 'n fase waarin die bedryf se winsgewendheid deur 'n \u0000meedoenlose beleid van kosteminimalisering verseker is. Terwyl sommige kundiges \u0000daarop gewys het dat spekulasie en eksploitasie soms in dieselfde periode voorgekom \u0000het, is die verband tussen die twee tot nog toe nie verken nie. In hierdie artikel word \u0000aan die hand van 'n gevallestudie van een belangrike myn, geargumenteer dat \u0000spekulasie nie so seer eksploitasie vervang het as wat dit 'n intieme verhouding \u0000daarmee ontwikkel het nie.\u0000That mining in colonial Zimbabwe in general turned on the exploitation of cheap \u0000black labour is well established in the subject's historiography. So too is its \u0000periodisation. An initial period of speculation and fraud gave way after the turn of the \u0000twentieth century to one in which the industry's profitability was secured largely \u0000through ruthless policies of cost minimisation. While some scholars however noted \u0000that speculation and exploitation occasionally existed in the same period, the links \u0000between the two have never been explored. By means of a case study of one important \u0000mine, this article argues that speculation did not so much replace exploitation as \u0000develop an intimate relationship with it.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"14 1","pages":"178-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78601829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SHONA WRITING SYSTEM: AN ANALYSIS OF ITS PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS","authors":"Wiseman Magwa","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I1.6716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I1.6716","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically examines the Shona writing system, starting with an evaluation of the early efforts by the missionaries, Doke and the Shona Language Committee to establish a common writing system. The article seeks to identify weaknesses in Shona orthography and suggests ways of improving it. It concludes that the present writing system needs to be revised in order for it to be a tool for national development and that language experts need to work to improve the current alphabet, word division, and spelling so that the Shona language becomes a national asset in the new millennium.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74084909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}