Zambezia最新文献

{"title":"Complicating the Past: Oral History and Agrarian Change in Colonial Zimbabwe","authors":"G. Thompson","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I2.6770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I2.6770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"16 1","pages":"154-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74432593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of communication in social forestry: the case of Mwenezi","authors":"N. Mudege, M. Bourdillon","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6735","url":null,"abstract":"This article, based on participant observation in two villages of Mwenezi District, \u0000Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, discusses the dissemination of knowledge about \u0000forestry. It looks at the role of the media, but points out that access to the media was \u0000limited. More important were local channels of communication. People are, however, \u0000selective in their acceptance of information they receive, particularly on \u0000environmental issues. Although technical knowledge is important to ensure the \u0000best use of the resources of forestry, the article shows how people interpret, modify, \u0000and respond to the information they receive according to how this information fits \u0000their perceived interests. Political issues, both at the national and the local levels, \u0000also affect the credibility of messages. Within a community, people respond \u0000differently, according to their status and their particular interests in the community. \u0000The article concludes that the successful transfer of technical knowledge on forestry \u0000for the use of local communities requires dialogue with the communities concerned.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"11 1","pages":"51-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91370913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between firm characteristics and export constraints in SME exporters","authors":"Zororo Muranda","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6737","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results of an exploratory nationwide survey of 124 \u0000manufacturing companies in Zimbabwe involved in exporting all over the world \u0000that was undertaken during the last quarter of 1999 and first quarter of 2000. It \u0000focuses on the relationship between firm characteristics of manufacturing exporters \u0000and constructs that define factors constraining export growth and competitiveness. \u0000Zimbabwe’s export growth has fallen by 7.2% over the past two years because of a \u0000politically induced economic crisis. The study concludes that Zimbabwe’s exporters \u0000are essentially small to medium and that size, experience, and risk aversion are the \u0000characteristics that strongly contribute to perceived constraints. It observes five \u0000constructs underpinning the current constraints to growth and competitiveness. \u0000These are inadequate experiential knowledge, inadequate technical skills, \u0000uncompetitive pricing, operational capacity, and an unsupportive business \u0000environment. Scrutiny of the constraint constructs shows that organisational \u0000characteristics explain both exporter weaknesses and their strategic shortfalls. The \u0000study concludes that, while a politically induced economic crisis has significantly \u0000contributed to the current decline in exports, corporate weaknesses and strategic \u0000inflexibility worsen the poor performance.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"15 1","pages":"89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74783418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘A History of the Rhodesian Stock Exchange: The Formative years, 1946-1952’","authors":"G. Karekwaivanane","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6734","url":null,"abstract":"The Stock Exchange is a market where stocks and shares are purchased and \u0000sold and capital is raised for the purposes of industry and both local and \u0000central government.1 Markets for the trading of stocks and shares or \u0000securities have existed for centuries all over the world. One of the earliest \u0000known markets was established in Paris, France around 1138.2 However, \u0000the modern form of the Stock Exchange can be traced to about 200 years \u0000ago.3 By the twentieth century, the Stock Exchange had become a common \u0000feature in many capitalist economies and was widely considered an \u0000institution characteristic of a ‘modern economy’. The Stock Exchange is \u0000now recognised as an important cog in the financial structure of the capitalist \u0000system. While the Stock Exchange serves an important function in the \u0000economy, it can also wreak havoc. Nowhere is this clearer than in the case \u0000of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, which triggered a global economic \u0000depression.4","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85216544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'The Politics of the Womb': Women, Politics and the Environment in Pre-Colonial Chivi, Southern Zimbabwe, c. 1840 to 1900","authors":"G. C. Mazarire","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6739","url":null,"abstract":"Women have always played a vital role in the environment of pre-colonial Zimbabwe \u0000especially as they constituted the backbone of traditional agriculture. Pre-colonial \u0000studies have either ignored or understated that fact. This article seeks to demonstrate \u0000that pre-colonial Shona politics and even violence have always involved struggles \u0000and competition over environmentally productive areas, that although politics \u0000were dominated by men, it rested upon the productive and reproductive power of \u0000the women. Among other things, women were exchanged to foment political alliances \u0000or to conclude peace, while male status in political hierarchies depended on who \u0000their mothers were. In most cases, as Chivi history will show, female status was \u0000only hailed where it served to buttress male hegemony, which also implied male \u0000control of environmental resources.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"60 1","pages":"35-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83746212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metaphors in Shona: A Cognitive Approach","authors":"NE Mberi","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6736","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the pervasiveness of metaphors in ezvii/dm/ Shona language. It argues that metaphorical expressions are not mere ivonis, but they are part of a much bigger way of conceptualizi ng tilings. Examples me given to shoiv how everyday metaphorical expressions are based on a much larger set of conceptual metaphors. The article takes a cognitive view ivhich sees metaphors as one of the basic human strategies for dealing with our environment in that we use existing physical concepts in our environment to conceptualize more abstract concepts. This kind of metaphorical extension from one domain to another plays a very important role in the extension of the lexicon.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"25 1","pages":"72-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78779262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equal Opportunities in Educational Management in Institutions of Higher Learning: An Agenda for Gender","authors":"L. Chipunza","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6733","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issue of gender disparities within education which have been long standing in many parts of the world. The discussion centres on the need for educational management boards to balance the selection and ranking of administrative-cum-managerial staff by practising non discrimination and by ensuring equal rights in the appropriate steps to higher positions of management, based on the notion of meritocracy and gender representation. Relevant examples have been drawn from the Zimbabwean context. Concerns about gender disparities within education have been long standing in many parts of the world (Davies 1990, Dorsey et al 1989, Gray 1989, Shakeshaft 1887, Saint 1992). Major differences of status and position, have divided men and women teachers throughout. Recently, the issue of equity in educational administration has become of increasing concern to educational policy makers, especially in developing countries. For example, in a review of the national planning documents of a number of countries, Davies (1990) found that inequality in the workplace was a key consideration of their governments. As she noted, although most developing countries refer to equality and egalitarianism in their policy documents, they have done very little to fulfil these noble objectives. In Zimbabwe, for instance, teaching has remained a male dominated profession, as shown by the fact that at 2003, the 15% women secondary school heads in the country were drawn from only 42% women secondary school teachers. The figures at primary school level were even more disproportionate, with only 5% of the school heads being female, drawn from a 50% female teaching force nationwide (Zimbabwe Government 1994). Within the organisational structures and processes of the educational institutions themselves, gender plays a much larger role than is often realised. Indeed, until recently when women began to speak out loudly about their concerns about being marginalised, gender issues in education in the developing countries remained largely un-addressed and, therefore, unresolved. Because of the growing agitation of the issues by women, it is no longer possible for governments to ignore them. That the marginalisation","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89525261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukubhinya : Gender and Sexual Violence in Bulawayo, Colonial Zimbabwe, 1946-1956","authors":"Koni Benson, Joyce M. Chadya","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V30I1.6738","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on over 300 criminal court cases of rape and sexual assault of African women and girls for the District of Bulawayo between 1946 and 1956. The analysis of these records provides a rare opportunity to hear African wome speaking about their lived experiences in a city undergoing rapid physical and social transformation. Within these stories of rape are reflections of gender relations and power struggles that informed, and were influenced by, urbanisation. This article therefore looks at sexual violence and changing African gender dynamics in relation to colonial urban influx control, segregation and mounting political and economic tensions. It explores the experiences of newcomers to the city, the colonial definition of twelve as the age of consent for African 'women and the mon?tisation of sex as the justification for rape. We analyse African women 's strategies of defiance and resistance to sexual assault, and focus on how they used the colonial courts. We also question the shortand long-term gendered and generational ramifications of colonial appropriation of the power to judge and determine punishment for all criminal offences including rape. This study therefore uses these testimonies of rape and sexual assault as windows of insight into the multiple battles for the power to define the city, both in terms of behaviour, and in terms of the use of space.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"72 1","pages":"108-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy-makers, the press and politics: reporting a public policy document","authors":"Alison M. Love","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6723","url":null,"abstract":"News media often have to present public policies, originally articulated in technical \u0000civil service documents, to the public, and to contextualise and comment on them. \u0000Such situations result in ‘chains’ of intertextual texts, where, for example, a news \u0000report is based on a policy document and an editorial then comments on and \u0000evaluates the content of the report. The transformations that take place as the chain \u0000progresses are evidence both of media practice and of the strategies by which a \u0000policy document may be positioned within a specific historical context. This article \u0000examines a case study in Zimbabwe immediately before the June 2000 Parliamentary \u0000elections, when a housing policy document was reported on in the governmentcontrolled \u0000media and then became the subject of a lengthy editorial.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"4 1","pages":"101-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85398743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming the Pandemic: Semantic and Ethical Foundations of HIV/AIDS Shona Vocabulary","authors":"Pedzisai Mashiri, Kenneth Mawomo, Patrick Tom","doi":"10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ZJH.V29I2.6731","url":null,"abstract":"Tlie article investigates the names tliat the Shona-speaking people1 in conlempunii 1/ Zimbabwe create and use in casual communication on the Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), the messages transmitted through these nnmes and the ethical motivation for preferring these names to the I'liglish teun, Hl'/ AIDS. We refer to the Shona names as indirection verbal strategies that take the form of euphemisms, metaphors, colloquial expressions and slang. Hmoeivr, the motivation for preferring an indirect communication mode is best iindeistood in the context of the notion of politeness that govern human interaction and speech on issues pertaining to sex, ilhiess and death in Shona society.","PeriodicalId":83564,"journal":{"name":"Zambezia","volume":"13 1","pages":"221-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89547009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}