Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of exporter proteins and their engineering on the productivity of Corynebacterium","authors":"Keita Kinose,&nbsp;Keiko Shinoda,&nbsp;Hisashi Kawasaki","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13479-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13479-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing product efflux is crucial in improving fermentative bioproduction. Despite advancements in metabolic engineering guided by the design-build-test-learn cycle, membrane transport engineering of product efflux remains underdeveloped, limiting the efficient production of target chemicals. This review explores the historical findings on product efflux, regardless of passive or active transport, in fermentation engineering, focusing on <i>Corynebacterium</i> species, and highlights the potential of multidrug transporters as valuable screening sources for efflux improvement. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding the machinery of efflux transporters to optimize their functionality. Molecular dynamics simulations are a promising tool for exploring novel strategies to advance fermentation-related processes. These insights provide a framework for overcoming current challenges in membrane transport engineering of product efflux and improving industrial-scale bioproduction.</p><p>\u0000<i>• Review of strategies to enhance product efflux in Corynebacterium species.</i></p><p>\u0000<i>• Multidrug transporters are key tools for optimizing metabolite efflux.</i></p><p>\u0000<i>• Efflux transporter mechanisms analyzed to improve microbial productivity.</i></p><p>\u0000<i>• Molecular dynamics simulations employed for understanding transporter mechanisms.</i>\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13479-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is associated with chronic kidney disease risk","authors":"Junyi Jiang,&nbsp;Peng Zhu,&nbsp;Xiaoying Ding,&nbsp;Li Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Li,&nbsp;Yuyan Lei,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;LuLu Chen,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Yunzhou Fei,&nbsp;Dongsheng Ouyang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Li,&nbsp;Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13481-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous studies have established a correlation between the microbiome-derived metabolite trimethylamine <i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO) and decreased renal function, but with great heterogeneity. Moreover, population-based evidence remains scarce, particularly in Chinese populations. We designed a meta-analysis and a population-based cross-sectional study in China to examine the associations between TMAO and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In meta-analysis, among 2125 pooled subjects with 1240 controls and 885 CKD patients, a significant association was observed between TMAO and CKD, with a standardized mean difference of − 0.93 (95% confidence interval: − 1.11, − 0.75). Meta-regression analysis identified gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) as significant heterogeneity factors. In our population-based study of 5584 subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² from Sijing community, 100 developed CKD in 2 years. We matched 195 controls by age and gender from the 5484 non-CKD subjects. Male subjects and alcohol consumers exhibited a lower risk of CKD with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.471 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and 0.320 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively. When comparing subjects in the lowest tertile of TMAO, adjusted OR reached to 1.243 (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) for those in the middle and 2.123 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the highest tertile (<i>P</i> for trend &lt; 0.05). TMAO demonstrated a moderate capacity to distinguish CKD from non-CKD subjects (AUC = 0.614, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Our findings indicate TMAO is significantly associated with the risk of CKD, and suggest age, gender, and BMI may confound the relationship between TMAO and CKD.</p><p><i>• Subjects with elevated TMAO levels have an increased risk of CKD.</i></p><p><i>• TMAO demonstrates a moderate capacity to distinguish CKD from non-CKD cases.</i></p><p><i>• Age, gender and BMI may confound the relationship between TMAO and CKD.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13481-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous silica and vegetal extracts combined as sustainable stone heritage protection against biodeterioration","authors":"Andrea Campostrini,&nbsp;Agustí Sala-Luis,&nbsp;Pilar Bosch-Roig,&nbsp;Elena Ghedini,&nbsp;Michela Signoretto,&nbsp;Federica Menegazzo","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13475-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13475-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since biodeterioration is considered one of the main issues related to the conservation of cultural heritage stone materials, an investigation was conducted into preventive sustainable antimicrobial alternatives to protect the stone surfaces. The study focuses on using MCM-41 mesoporous silica particles and vegetal extracts: the mesoporous materials act as nanocontainers encapsulating the extracts, which instead serve as green antimicrobic compounds to inhibit microbiological proliferation. In this way, the antimicrobial features of the extracts are sustained for a more extended period, reducing the evaporation rate and diminishing the quantity required; the amount necessary to achieve the minimum inhibitory concentration was reduced due to the decrease in evaporation. Moreover, since the MCM-41 can host a higher quantity of product than is necessary to exert the antimicrobial effect, the duration of activity is further prolonged, releasing the extracts over time. Specifically, the mesoporous particles were impregnated with the vegetal extract of limonene and the essential oils of thyme and oregano. In vitro microbiological tests were conducted on two fungi (i.e., <i>Aspergillus tubingensis</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i>), taken as model microorganisms from real-case scenarios. A combination of mesoporous silica and vegetal extracts was employed to develop a protective coating for stone surfaces, and tests were conducted on marble mock-ups. The promising synergic results show that this system could be of interest for preventing microbiological growth over stone surfaces, avoiding a visible aesthetic impact, being non-toxic for the environment or the operator, and preventing the extract from evaporating but holding it for a controlled release.</p><p>• <i>Green antimicrobial system using porous silica as nanocontainer for plant extracts</i></p><p>• <i>Encapsulated vegetal extracts to inhibit microbial growth on stone surfaces</i></p><p>• <i>Stable and efficient coating against fungal species in vitro and on marble mock-up</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13475-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143861301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis of ergothioneine: current state, achievements, and perspectives","authors":"Shun Sato,&nbsp;Azusa Saika,&nbsp;Tatsuyuki Koshiyama,&nbsp;Yukihiro Higashiyama,&nbsp;Tokuma Fukuoka,&nbsp;Tomotake Morita","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13476-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13476-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ergothioneine (EGT) is a derivative of the amino acid L-histidine that is well known for its strong antioxidant properties. Recent studies on the functional characterization of EGT in both in vivo and in vitro systems have demonstrated its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. The growing demand for EGT in novel applications necessitates the development of safe and cost-effective mass production technologies. Consequently, microbial fermentation for EGT biosynthesis has attracted significant attention. This review focuses on the biosynthesis of EGT via microbial fermentation, explores its biosynthetic mechanisms, and summarizes the latest advancements for industrial EGT production using engineered microbial strains.</p><p>• <i>Ergothioneine (EGT) is an L-histidine derivative with strong antioxidant property.</i></p><p>• <i>Recent studies have revealed certain groups of microbes produce EGT naturally.</i></p><p>• <i>Superior EGT producers by genetic modification have been created.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13476-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the power of biosensors for environmental monitoring of pesticides in water","authors":"Filipa Mendes,&nbsp;Beatriz O. Machado,&nbsp;Bruno B. Castro,&nbsp;Maria João Sousa,&nbsp;Susana R. Chaves","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13461-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13461-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current strong reliance on synthetic chemicals, namely pesticides, is far from environmentally sustainable. These xenobiotics contribute significantly to global change and to the current biodiversity crisis, but have been overlooked when compared to other agents (e.g., climate change). Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to pesticides, making monitoring programs essential to preserve ecosystem health, safeguard biodiversity, ensure water quality, and mitigate potential human health risks associated with contaminated water sources. Biosensors show great potential as time/cost-effective and disposable systems for the high-throughput detection (and quantification) of these pollutants. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of biosensors specifically developed for environmental water monitoring, covering different pesticide classes (and active ingredients), and types of biosensors (according to the bio-recognition element) and transducers, as well as the nature of sample matrices analyzed. We highlight the variety of biosensors that have been developed and successfully applied to detection of pesticides in aqueous samples, including enzymatic biosensors, immunosensors, aptasensors, and whole cell–based biosensors. While most biosensors have been designed to detect insecticides, expanding their compound target range could significantly streamline monitoring of environmental contaminants. Despite limitations related to stability, reproducibility, and interference from environmental factors, biosensors represent a promising and sustainable technology for pesticide monitoring in the aquatic environments, offering sensitivity and specificity, as well as portability and real-time results. We propose that biosensors would be most effective as an initial screening step in a tiered assessment, complementing conventional methods.</p><p>• <i>Pesticides harm aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity, requiring better monitoring</i></p><p>• <i>Biosensors offer cost-effective solutions to detect pesticides in water samples</i></p><p>• <i>Biosensors complement conventional methods as a sustainable tool for initial screens</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13461-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxin-free Aspergillus oryzae strain lineage for alternative and novel protein production at industrial scale","authors":"Jan Lehmbeck,&nbsp;Birgitte Andersen,&nbsp;Javier Sáez-Sáez,&nbsp;Jens Christian Frisvad,&nbsp;José Arnau","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13482-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advanced industrial strains of <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> have been used for decades for the production of recombinant proteins including food and feed enzymes at large scale. The <i>A. oryzae</i> strain lineage evaluated in this review derives from the proprietary Novozymes (now Novonesis) strain collection. <i>A. oryzae</i> wild-type strains have the potential to produce three different mycotoxins (aflatoxins (AFL), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)). Here, we review the work originally performed at Novozymes to identify a strain (BECh1) that contained a large chromosomal deletion comprising both AFL and CPA gene clusters, significantly improving the safety of the lineage. The description of the deleted region is presented here. As the genetic basis for 3-NPA biosynthesis was recently revealed, we describe here that this <i>A. oryzae</i> lineage contains an additional large deletion that encompasses the 3-NPA biosynthetic genes <i>npaA</i> and <i>npaB</i>, thereby rendering the strains unable to produce any mycotoxin. Further strain development has resulted in strains devoid of penicillin production by inactivation of the penicillin G gene cluster (<i>penG</i>). This strain lineage represents the first example of mycotoxin-free <i>A. oryzae</i> for production of recombinant (alternative) novel food proteins. Recently, bovine beta-lactoglobulin made using a strain of this lineage has received GRAS status and can be commercialized for use in food in the USA. With its history of safe use in food and feed, the lack of toxigenic potential and the ability to differentiate strains with modern technologies, this <i>A. oryzae</i> strain can be considered safe as other organisms with a Quality Presumption of Safety (QPS) status in Europe. QPS is not applicable to filamentous fungi and only granted at the species level to bacteria and a few yeast species. We suggest modernizing the QPS concept to become strain rather than species specific and present arguments to qualify this strain lineage as QPS or QPS-like.</p><p><i>• The biosynthetic genes for 3-nitropropionic acid have been recently characterized.</i></p><p><i>• An industrial strain lineage for food protein production lacks all known mycotoxin genes.</i></p><p><i>• Proteins produced in this mycotoxin-free lineage should entail lower regulatory requirements.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13482-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of protein-degraders in an anaerobic digester by protein stable isotope probing and metagenomics","authors":"Zhe Deng,&nbsp;Jan Struckmann Poulsen,&nbsp;Jeppe Lund Nielsen,&nbsp;David G. Weissbrodt,&nbsp;Henri Spanjers,&nbsp;Jules B. van Lier","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13483-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Presence of carbohydrates hampers protein degradation in anaerobic digesters. To understand this phenomenon, we used proteogenomics to identify the active protein-degraders in the presence of low and high carbohydrates concentrations. Active metabolic pathways of the identified protein-degraders were investigated using proteomics with ¹³C-protein substrates (protein stable isotope probing). Results showed that 1) <i>Acinetobacter</i> was the active protein-degraders under both protein-fed and protein-glucose mixture-fed conditions, 2) the relative abundance of <i>Acinetobacter</i> was not affected by the presence of carbohydrates, 3) the incorporation of the ¹³C-labelled protein substrate was predominantly observed in outer membrane-bound proteins and porin proteins, which are associated with proteinases or the transportation of amino acids across the cell wall. The <i>Acinetobacter</i> metabolic model and the incubation conditions suggested that glucose and proteins were degraded through anaerobic respiration. The negative impact of carbohydrates on protein biodegradation was attributed to <i>Acinetobacter</i>'s preference for carbohydrates. This work highlights that efficient degradation of protein and carbohydrate mixtures in anaerobic digesters requires a staged or time-phased approach and enrichment of active protein-degraders, offering a new direction for process optimization in anaerobic digestion systems.</p><p>• <i>Acinetobacter identified for the first time as main anaerobic protein-degrader</i></p><p>• <i>Metabolic model revealed protein degradation via anaerobic respiration</i></p><p>• <i>Metabolic pathway analysis indicated SO</i>_<i>4</i>^<i>2−</i><i> or Fe</i>^<i>3+</i><i> as terminal electron acceptors</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13483-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candida albicans: the current status regarding vaginal infections","authors":"Margarida Faustino,&nbsp;Carlos M. H. Ferreira,&nbsp;Ana Margarida Pereira,&nbsp;Ana P. Carvalho","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13478-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13478-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vaginal infections caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> are a significant global health concern due to their recurrence and negative impact on quality of life. This review examines the pathogenesis of <i>C. albicans</i> infections, emphasizing critical virulence factors such as biofilm formation, adherence, and phenotypic switching. Risk factors include immune system suppression, antibiotic use, and hormonal changes, all of which can lead to fungal overgrowth and infection. Current prevention and/or treatment strategies primarily rely on antifungal therapies, personal hygiene practices, and probiotics. However, challenges like antifungal resistance, recurrence, and limited treatment efficacy highlight the need for innovative approaches. Therefore, emerging methods such as novel antifungal agents, vaccines, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems offer promising advancements to improve infection control. Additionally, the immune system plays a key role in preventing <i>C. albicans</i> infections, with both innate and adaptive immunity acting to restrict fungal colonization and growth. Commercially available products, such as antifungal creams, vaginal probiotics, and hygiene solutions, are practical options but often lack long-term efficacy. Persistent challenges, including resistance, patient noncompliance, and restricted access to emerging therapies, hinder comprehensive prevention and treatment efforts. Thus, future research should focus on promoting interdisciplinary approaches, integrating personalized medicine, and enhancing healthcare accessibility. This review intends to present the current state of the art within the abovementioned issues and to enhance the understanding of the multifactorial nature of <i>C. albicans</i> infections and advanced prevention strategies, which are essential to reduce the burden of vaginal candidiasis worldwide and improve patient quality of life outcomes.</p><p>• <i>Candida albicans pathogenesis involves biofilms, adherence, and phenotypic switching.</i></p><p>• <i>Vaccines, nanotechnology, and new drugs offer improved prevention and treatment.</i></p><p>• <i>Addressing antifungal resistance and patient compliance is key for prevention success.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13478-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel processes to obtain pneumococcal surface proteins for vaccines","authors":"Viviane Maimoni Gonçalves","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13440-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current pneumococcal vaccines are based on the protection offered by capsular polysaccharides from only a few from &gt; 100 serotypes; therefore, serotype-independent vaccines composed of pneumococcal surface proteins are being developed. Despite the immense number of publications on the discovery, characterization, and evaluation of new pneumococcal vaccine candidates, there are very few that describe the bioprocess development, which is an essential step to generate material for pre-clinical and clinical tests, to obtain enough protein amount for physical–chemical, biochemical, and biological characterization, and to understand critical product and process attributes. Here, aspects of production and purification processes of pneumococcal surface proteins are reviewed, the most common bioreactor cultivation strategies are discussed, and important features of the purification process are explored to bring new insights about the correlation between protein structure and chromatography. The process development oriented to an industrial scale is an essential step for the success of novel protein-based pneumococcal vaccines and can preclude problems that could be hardly identified at flask scale production. Moreover, the early bioprocess development should favor a smooth scale-up and transfer of the process to GMP facilities for future production of new pneumococcal vaccines.</p><p>• <i>Early bioprocess development is crucial to advancing pneumococcal protein vaccines.</i></p><p>• <i>Bioreactor cultivation can help to identify possible process bottlenecks.</i></p><p>• <i>Structural features of similar proteins can orient purification process development.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13440-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and application of peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidase: advances, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Uzair Ahmed,&nbsp;Katrin Ochsenreither,&nbsp;Thomas Eisele","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13473-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13473-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peptidyl-lys metalloendopeptidases (PKMs) are enzymes that selectively cleave peptide bonds at the N-terminus of lysine residues present in the P1′ position, making them valuable tools in proteomics. This mini-review presents an overview of PKMs, covering their traditional production from native sources, recent advances in recombinant production, and the current limitations in availability. The historical and current applications of PKMs in proteomics are discussed, highlighting their role in protein sequencing, peptide mapping, and mass spectrometry-based studies. Advances in recombinant technology now enable tailored modifications to PKM, allowing it to function not only as a sister enzyme to LysC but also to trypsin, thereby enhancing its suitability for specific analytical applications. The mini-review concludes with a forward-looking statement on PKM research, emphasizing the potential to broaden its use in novel proteomic methods and other applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13473-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}