Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of menaquinone- 7 production through immobilization with hydrogel-based porous membranes","authors":"Qiu-Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Yao-Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Man-Lu Liu,&nbsp;Hai-Jia Su","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13493-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13493-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The industrial production of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> has been historically constrained by significant challenges in bioprocess efficiency. To address these limitations, we explored an innovative immobilization strategy utilizing a porous thin-film hydrogel system. Specifically, we developed a novel porous thin-film PVA + B@Ca hydrogel immobilization method that fundamentally transforms cell encapsulation and fermentation dynamics. The comparison between PVA + B@Ca hydrogel immobilized cells and free cells in fermentation demonstrated a significant increase in MK-7 yield from 32.76 ± 1.92 to 48.33 ± 2.92 mg/L, as well as a reduction of the fermentation duration from 48 to 24 h. Additionally, the immobilized cells demonstrated good stability during continuous fermentation, resulting in a space–time yield of MK-7 that increased to 2.0 mg/L·h, which was five times higher than that achieved with free-cell fermentation. Mechanistic insights revealed through microscopic analysis highlight the transformative nature of the hydrogel immobilization: The PVA + B@Ca hydrogel’s porous structure creates a protective microenvironment that mitigates cellular stress and maintains optimal metabolic conditions. These findings represent a paradigm shift in understanding cellular immobilization, demonstrating how strategic encapsulation can fundamentally enhance MK-7 fermentation biotechnology.</p><p><i>• A novel hydrogel immobilization method was developed for MK- 7 production</i>.</p><p><i>• The use of immobilized cells gave a fivefold improvement in the space–time yield</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13493-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermally adapted Escherichia coli keeps transcriptomic response during temperature upshift exposure","authors":"Gilberto Pérez-Morales,&nbsp;Karla V. Martínez-Conde,&nbsp;Luis Caspeta,&nbsp;Enrique Merino,&nbsp;Miguel A. Cevallos,&nbsp;Guillermo Gosset,&nbsp;Alfredo Martinez","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13495-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13495-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The heat shock response is a cellular protection mechanism against sudden temperature upshifts extensively studied in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. However, the effects of thermal evolution on this response remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the early and late physiological and transcriptional responses to temperature upshift in a thermotolerant strain under continuous culture conditions. Adaptive laboratory evolution was performed on a metabolically engineered <i>E. coli</i> strain (JU15), designed for <span>d</span>-lactic acid production, to enable cellular growth and fermentation of glucose at 45 °C in batch cultures. The resulting homofermentative strain, ECL45, successfully adapted to 45 °C in a glucose-mineral medium at pH 7 under non-aerated conditions. The thermal-adapted ECL45 retained the parental strain’s high volumetric productivity and product/substrate yield. Genomic sequencing of ECL45 revealed eight mutations, including one in a non-coding region and six within the coding regions of genes associated with metabolic, transport, and regulatory functions. Transcriptomic analysis comparing the evolved strain with its parental counterpart under early and late temperature upshifts indicated that the adaptation involved a controlled stringent response. This mechanism likely contributes to the strain’s ability to maintain growth capacity at high temperatures.</p><p>• <i>The temperature upshift response of a thermally adapted strain in continuous culture was studied for the first time.</i></p><p>• <i>Genomic analyses revealed the presence of a double point mutation in the spoT gene.</i></p><p>• <i>The thermally adapted strain maintained underexpression of the spoT gene at high temperatures.</i></p><p>• <i>Supplementation of 0.15 g/L of hydrolyzed protein favored thermal adaptation at 45 °C.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13495-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic regulation of histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 on the expression of recombinant protein in CHO cells","authors":"Lu-Lu Yang,&nbsp;Miao Zhang,&nbsp;Jia-Liang Guo,&nbsp;Ming-Ming Han,&nbsp;Le-Le Qiu,&nbsp;Li-Jie Gao,&nbsp;Liu-Su Cui,&nbsp;Xiao-Yin Wang,&nbsp;Tian-Yun Wang,&nbsp;Yan-Long Jia","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13509-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13509-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Histone methylation–mediated epigenetic modification significantly influences gene transcription and expression regulation. This study examined the effects of histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) methyltransferase SUV39H1 and its specific inhibitor chaetocin on recombinant protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Results indicated that stable SUV39H1-knockdown CHO cells exhibited reduced H3K9me3 levels while showing increased expression of recombinant adalimumab (rADM) and human serum albumin (rHSA) by approximately 45% and 136%, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with 20 nM chaetocin, a SUV39H1-specific inhibitor, enhanced expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), rADM, and rHSA in CHO cells. These findings demonstrate that both stable SUV39H1 knockdown and pharmacological inhibition through chaetocin effectively reduce H3K9me3 modification levels in CHO cells while significantly boosting recombinant protein production. The results strongly suggest SUV39H1’s critical regulatory role in recombinant protein expression within CHO cell systems. This research establishes a methodological foundation for developing engineered cell lines and optimizing high-efficiency CHO expression systems through cell engineering approaches.</p><h3>Key points</h3><p><i>•SUV39H1 knockdown boosted recombinant protein expression and decreased H3 K9 me3 levels.</i></p><p><i>•Treatment with the SUV39H1-specific inhibitor chaetocin (20 nM) enhanced recombinant protein expression.</i></p><p><i>•It provides a basis for developing efficient epigenetically regulated CHO expression systems.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13509-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of probiotics enhancing butyrogenesis in colonic microbiota model of patients with ulcerative colitis","authors":"Kentaro Inokuma,&nbsp;Daisuke Sasaki,&nbsp;Tomoya Shintani,&nbsp;Jun Inoue,&nbsp;Katsuaki Oyama,&nbsp;Yuta Noda,&nbsp;Takayuki Maeda,&nbsp;Ryouichi Yamada,&nbsp;Yasushi Matsuki,&nbsp;Yuzo Kodama,&nbsp;Akihiko Kondo","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13424-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13424-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Administering beneficial bacteria as probiotics to restore the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic functions, such as butyrogenesis, is a promising treatment strategy in ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of probiotics, consisting of the lactic acid bacterium <i>Weizmannia coagulans</i> SANK70258 and the lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria <i>Anaerostipes caccae</i> or <i>Clostridium butyricum</i>, on the colonic environment using an in vitro colonic microbiota culture model with fecal inoculums from seven patients with UC. Co-inoculated <i>W. coagulans</i> and <i>A. caccae</i> neither inhibited each other’s growth nor significantly affected the relative abundance of other bacterial species; however, the growth of <i>W. coagulans</i> was significantly inhibited when co-inoculated with <i>C. butyricum</i>. The relative abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (<i>Escherichia</i> sp. and unclassified <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>) and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. significantly decreased in <i>W. coagulans</i>-<i>C. butyricum</i> co-inoculated cultures. Inoculation with any of the probiotics alone did not increase butyrate production, whereas co-inoculation of <i>W. coagulans</i> with <i>A. caccae</i> or <i>C. butyricum</i> significantly increased the butyrate levels. Overall, the results suggested that <i>W. coagulans</i> and lactate-utilizing butyrate-producing bacteria in combination have synergistic effects through cross-feeding and can effectively restore butyrogenesis in the colonic environment of patients with UC.</p><p><i>• Effects of probiotics were evaluated using in vitro microbiota model of UC colon.</i></p><p><i>• W. coagulans and lactate-utilizing butyrate producers have synergistic effects.</i></p><p><i>• Co-inoculation of W. coagulans with A. caccae or C. butyricum enhanced butyrogenesis.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13424-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native proteins from Galdieria sulphuraria to replace fetal bovine serum in mammalian cell culture","authors":"Hanna Eisenberg,&nbsp;Svenja Hütker,&nbsp;Felicitas Berger,&nbsp;Imke Lang","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13507-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13507-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in cell culture applications causes high costs and unacceptable animal suffering when FBS is extracted from fetal calves. Despite efforts, the exact composition of FBS still remains partially unresolved. Native proteins in FBS, such as growth factors, and their binding to cell receptors seem to be crucial for cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, algal extracts with high protein content were considered to reduce the FBS demand. Algae extracts yielded promising results as growth serum in mammalian cell culture. Nevertheless, the dependence on residual FBS and the undefined composition of algae extracts are challenges. In this study, we aimed to yield highly concentrated extracts of native proteins from mixotrophically grown <i>Galdieria sulphuraria</i> to replace FBS in mammalian cell culture. Crude extracts and native proteins were concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and all extracts underwent heat inactivation (HI) for selective protein inactivation. The remaining proteins’ native conformation was verified by enzyme activity assays. All extracts were used to replace FBS during the cultivation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and proliferation was tested. We found that <i>G. sulphuraria</i> crude and protein extracts depended on HI to promote CHO cell growth to a similar extent as FBS. CHO cells grown with 5% or 10% heat-treated algal extracts had a relative proliferation of 260 to 230% compared to FBS controls with 210% and 300%, respectively. We anticipate our findings will help replace FBS in mammalian cell culture, increasing sustainability and consumer acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13507-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico identification of gene targets to enhance C12 fatty acid production in Escherichia coli","authors":"Paul Matthay,&nbsp;Thomas Schalck,&nbsp;Kenneth Simoens,&nbsp;Dorien Kerstens,&nbsp;Bert Sels,&nbsp;Natalie Verstraeten,&nbsp;Kristel Bernaerts,&nbsp;Jan Michiels","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13501-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13501-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The global interest in fatty acids is steadily rising due to their wealth of industrial potential ranging from cosmetics to biofuels. Unfortunately, certain fatty acids, such as monounsaturated lauric acid with a carbon atom chain length of twelve (C12 fatty acids), cannot be produced cost and energy-efficiently using conventional methods. Biosynthesis using microorganisms can overcome this drawback. However, rewiring a microbe’s metabolome for increased production remains challenging. To overcome this, sophisticated genome-wide metabolic network models have become available. These models predict the effect of genetic perturbations on the metabolism, thereby serving as a guide for metabolic pathways optimization. In this work, we used constraint-based modeling in combination with the algorithm Optknock to identify gene deletions in <i>Escherichia coli</i> that improve C12 fatty acid production. Nine gene targets were identified that, when deleted, were predicted to increase C12 fatty acid titers. Targets play a role in anaplerotic reactions, amino acid synthesis, carbon metabolism, and cofactor-balancing. Subsequently, we constructed the corresponding (combinatorial) deletion mutants to validate the in silico predictions in vivo. Our highest producer (Δ<i>maeB</i> Δ<i>ndk</i> Δ<i>pykA</i>) reaches a titer of 6.7 mg/L, corresponding to a 7.5-fold increase in C12 fatty acid production. This study demonstrates that model-guided metabolic engineering is a useful tool to improve C12 fatty acid production.</p><p>•<i>Escherichia coli as a promising biofactory for unsaturated C12 fatty acids.</i></p><p>•<i>Optknock to identify non-obvious gene deletions for increased C12 fatty acids.</i></p><p>•<i>7.5-fold higher C12 fatty acid production achieved by deleting maeB, ndk, and pykA.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13501-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost gelatin/collagen scaffolds for bacterial growth in bioreactors for biotechnology","authors":"Daniella Alejandra Pompa-Monroy,&nbsp;Ricardo Vera-Graziano,&nbsp;Syed G. Dastager,&nbsp;Graciela Lizeth Pérez-González,&nbsp;Nina Bogdanchikova,&nbsp;Ana Leticia Iglesias,&nbsp;Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13491-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13491-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A wide array of pharmaceutical and industrial products available in today’s market stems from bioreactors. Meeting the escalating demand for these products necessitates significant enhancements in biotechnological processes. This study focuses on developing cost-effective scaffolds designed explicitly for use within bioreactors, employing commonly used polymers such as gelatin and collagen. Bacterial proliferation assays involving <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> were conducted to assess the effectiveness of these scaffolds. The scaffolds were produced by electrospinning polymeric solutions with varying concentrations of gelatin and collagen and were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results revealed that scaffolds with 15% gelatin increased the 24-h proliferation of <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, and <i>E. coli</i> by 52%, 35%, and 20%, respectively. In the case of <i>E. coli</i>, scaffolds with lower gelatin concentrations (1–10%) were more effective, leading to 35–55% proliferation growth. These findings highlight the potential application of gelatin/collagen scaffolds in fabricating industrial products derived from these bacteria.</p><p><i>• GEL/COL fibers boost S. aureus growth by 128%</i></p><p><i>• Offers scalable biotech applications</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13491-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethylene glycol metabolism in the oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides","authors":"Vittorio Giorgio Senatore,&nbsp;Alīna Reķēna,&nbsp;Valeria Mapelli,&nbsp;Petri-Jaan Lahtvee,&nbsp;Paola Branduardi","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13504-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13504-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The agro-food chain produces an impressive amount of waste, which includes not only lignocellulosic biomass, but also plastic, used for both protective films and packaging. Thanks to advances in enzymatic hydrolysis, it is now possible to imagine an upcycling that valorizes each waste through microbial fermentation. With this goal in mind, we first explored the ability of the oleaginous red yeast <i>Rhodotorula toruloides</i> to catabolize ethylene glycol (EG), obtained by the hydrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in the presence of glucose in batch bioreactor experiments. Secondly, we focused on the physiology of EG catabolism in the presence of xylose as a sole carbon source, and in a mixture of glucose and xylose. Our results show that EG is metabolized to glycolic acid (GA) in all tested conditions. Remarkably, we report for the first time that the consumption of EG improves xylose bioprocess, possibly alleviating a cofactor imbalance by regenerating NAD(P)H. Consumption of EG in the presence of glucose started after the onset of the nitrogen limitation phase, while no significant differences were observed with the control; a 100% mol mol⁻¹ yield of GA was obtained, which has never been reported for yeasts. Finally, a putative EG oxidative pathway was proposed by in silico analyses supported with the existing omics data. Our results propose <i>R. toruloides</i> as a promising candidate for the production of GA from EG that could be exploited simultaneously for the sustainable production of microbial oils from residual hemicellulosic biomasses.</p><p><i>• Ethylene glycol (EG) is not assimilated as a carbon source by Rhodotorula toruloides</i></p><p><i>• With glucose, EG is oxidized to glycolic acid (GA) with a yield of 100% (mol mol</i>^<i>−1</i><i>)</i></p><p><i>• With xylose, EG to GA is associated with improved growth and xylose uptake rate</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13504-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity assays for flavoprotein oxidases: an overview","authors":"Lars L. Santema,&nbsp;Marco W. Fraaije","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13494-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13494-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flavoprotein oxidases have found many biotechnological applications. For identifying and improving their characteristics, it is essential to have reliable and robust assay methodology available. The methodologies used to monitor their activity seem to be scattered in the literature and seem often selected based on convenience. Due to the diversity of reactions catalyzed by flavoprotein oxidases, it is virtually impossible to recommend a single activity assay. A literature analysis of 60 recent papers describing flavoprotein oxidases revealed that continuous spectrophotometric assays, in particular colorimetric assays, are the preferred choice, as they are facile, scalable and allow for better interpretation of data than discontinuous assays. Colorimetric assays typically rely on the extinction coefficient of a monitored chromogenic product, which can be highly variable depending on the experimental conditions. Therefore, it is important to determine the extinction coefficient under the specific experimental conditions used, rather than taking it directly from the literature. To provide a guideline and assist in standardization, this review describes the most commonly utilized activity assays for flavoprotein oxidases, along with their respective merits and limitations.</p><p>• <i>Researchers should be more aware of limitations of activity assays.</i></p><p>• <i>Extinction coefficients should be determined for the appropriate experimental setup.</i></p><p>• <i>New robust activity assays are desired.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13494-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a rapid 17β-estradiol-degrading strain, Microbacterium proteolyticum ZJSU01","authors":"Yipeng Chen,&nbsp;Ting Chen,&nbsp;Wenfeng Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Yu,&nbsp;Xiujuan Tang,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Jun Yin","doi":"10.1007/s00253-025-13480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00253-025-13480-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Estrogens, particularly 17β-estradiol, are prevalent endocrine-disrupting chemicals in aquatic environments, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Biodegradation is considered one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods for removing estrogen. In this study, a novel bacterial strain, <i>Microbacterium proteolyticum</i> ZJSU01, was isolated from pig manure. It completely degraded 5 mg/L of 17β-estradiol (E2) within 4 h, as well as its major transformation product, estrone (E1). The strain ZJSU01 displayed strong adaptability to high temperatures (37℃, 42℃) and a broad pH range (6–11), E2 (5 mg/L) could be completely removed by the strain under these conditions. Transformation intermediates were analyzed using UHPLC and HPLC-Q-TOF–MS to identify key metabolites and trace the degradation pathways. Four potential degradation pathways were identified, including the 4,5-seco pathway, which is widely conserved in most E2-degrading bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing predicted a chromosome with a size of 3,828,432 bp, and a series of functional genes, and transcriptomics analysis identified several genes involved in E2 degradation. The <i>budC</i> gene, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) family, was identified as critical for E2 degradation and exhibited a nearly 170-fold upregulation. Meanwhile, genes such as <i>fdeE</i> and <i>catA</i> were associated with downstream degradation. <i>Microbacterium proteolyticum</i> ZJSU01 demonstrated strong acid–base and high-temperature resilience, highlighting its strong potential for practical applications due to its degradation capability and adaptability. This strain could be applied in wastewater treatment to effectively remove estrogenic pollutants from contaminated water.</p><p>• <i>Microbacterium proteolyticum ZJSU01 removed 100% of E2 (10、5、1 mg/L) within 4 h.</i></p><p>• <i>Strain ZJSU01 showed great tolerance to high temperature and acid–base conditions.</i></p><p>• <i>A novel gene, budC</i><i>, </i><i>was identified as the primary driver of E2 degradation by ZJSU01.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8342,"journal":{"name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-025-13480-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}