Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)最新文献

{"title":"Imbalances in the knowledge about infancy: The divide between rich and poor countries","authors":"M. Tomlinson, L. Swartz","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10078","url":null,"abstract":"Plus de 90% des nourrissons de la terre sont nes dans des pays en voie de developpement ou pauvres, et ces pays supportent un fardeau disproportionne du point de vue de problemes de sante ou de problemes sociaux. Dans cet article nous comparons la contribution au savoir sur la petite enfance, de pays plus riches et plus pauvres. Nous avons fait l'etude d'articles sur la petite enfance de douze revues professionnelles internationales traitant d'aspects psychologiques de l'enfance et de la petite enfance, et nous avons trouve que 94% des articles consideres avaient ete ecrits en Europe ou en Amerique du Nord. Nous suggerons que le desequilibre dans les connaissances sur la petite enfance est grave, et que des efforts doivent etre faits pour augmenter les recherches de collaboration entre les pays pauvres et les pays riches.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"75 1","pages":"547-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72803604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting adult responses to infant distress: Adult characteristics associated with perceptions, emotional reactions, and timing of intervention","authors":"D. Zeifman","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10077","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined adult characteristics associated with different responses to infant distress. One hundred eighty-eight parents viewed four 20-second segments of videotape in which a 4-week-old infant was either (a) fussing mildly, (b) fussing vigorously, (c) crying, or (d) crying vigorously. Participants rated their emotional reactions and perception of cry characteristics following each segment. Participants then viewed a 4-minute videotape depicting the same infant progressing from calm to vigorous crying, and indicated when they would intervene to pick up the infant. Relatively high levels of empathy and extraversion and low levels of conscientiousness were associated with more sensitive responses to infant distress. Infant-rearing attitudes had a strong impact on response patterns as well, suggesting that education may be an effective means of increasing parental sensitivity. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"312 1","pages":"597-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85588202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of mother–child interaction and the child's development of symbolic play","authors":"L. Noll, C. Harding","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10071","url":null,"abstract":"Nous avons enquete sur la mesure dans laquelle la relation interactive mere-enfant soit promeut soit limite l'abilite qu'a l'enfant de voir les options ou les choix dans son milieu. Nous avions predit que la qualite de l'interaction essentiellement offerte par la mere serait liee au developpement cognitif de l'enfant, tel que le reflete son niveau de jeu symbolique. Le niveau et la frequence du jeu symbolique et nonsymbolique de 30 enfants, âges de 12 a 47 mois, ont ete codes et les comportements d'encouragement aux options et de limitation des options des meres ont ete identifies. Les enfants, entre ces âges, dont les meres creaient un contexte social de promotion d'option se sont livres a des jeux plus symboliques. Cependant, nous n'avons pas trouve que le jeu nonsymbolique soit influence de maniere significative par le style interactif de la mere. Le jeu symbolique de l'enfant marque une reussite dynamique du developpement pour l'enfant, et semble etre lie au contexte social cree par le style interactif de la mere.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"62 1","pages":"557-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88040705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A challenging intervention with maternal anxiety: Babies requiring surgical correction of a congenital anomaly after missed prenatal diagnosis","authors":"L. Aite, A. Trucchi, A. Nahom, A. Zaccara, Germana Casaccia, P. Bagolan","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10075","url":null,"abstract":"L'objectif de cette etude est d'evaluer l'impact de l'anxiete maternelle sur une intervention a court terme dans une situation particulierement stressante, telle qu'une anomalie chirurgicale uniquement diagnostiquee a la naissance malgre des ultrasons prenatals repetes. Les patients etaient 30 meres de bebes devant recevoir des corrections chirurgicales pour une anomalie congenitale, ayant ete divisees en Groupe d'intervention A=16 patients ou Groupe de controle B=14 patients. Le groupe d'intervention a recu des soins normaux et une intervention a court terme comprenant des reunions hebdomadaires avec le psychologue et des reunions d'equipe hebdomadaires. Le groupe de controle n'a recu que les soins normaux disponibles a l'Unite de Chirurgie Neonatale. La principale mesure de resultat fut les niveaux d'anxiete maternelle evalues a la naissance et a la sortie de l'hopital avec l'Inventaire d'Anxiete Etat-Trait de Spielberger (STAI-S). Des comparaisons statistiques ont ete faites entre les deux groupes. Aucune difference importante n'a ete trouvee a la naisssance dans les scores chez les deux groupes. A la sortie de l'hopital, le groupe d'intervention a fait etat d'un score bien plus bas avec le STAI-S que le groupe sans intervention a court terme. Les auteurs concluent que l'aide psychologique pour les parents de nouveau-nes s'est averee etre utile. Cependant, l'impact d'une telle assistance s'est averee etre particulierement benefique pour les parents faisant face au stress emotionnel de voir leurs enfants necessiter des corrections chirurgicales imprevues d'anomalies congenitales a la naissance. Par consequent, la presence d'un psychologue est recommandee, comme faisant partie des soins normaux aux nouveau-nes ayant besoin de correction chirurgicale.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"1 1","pages":"571-579"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82999967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child and family correlates of toddlers' emotional and behavioral responses to a mishap","authors":"P. Garner","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10076","url":null,"abstract":"Cette etude a evalue les contributions uniques et collectives du langage de l'etat interne, du comportement externalisant et du discours maternel sur les emotions a la prediction de a la reaction (des jeunes enfants) liee a l'empathie. Les reactions de culpabilite basees sur l'empathie de 47 jeunes enfants (27 garcons) ont ete observees en reponse au desarroi qu'ils pensaient avoir cree. De plus, les meres ont rendu compte du langage de l'etat interne, du comportement externalisant et de la culpabilite basee sur l'empathie. Lors d'une observation separee, les meres ont discute les expressions emotionnelles avec leurs enfants et la signification fonctionnelle de leur discours emotionnel a ete consideree. Les resultats ont revele que l'abilite de langage de l'etat interne des jeunes enfants etait liee de maniere positive a leurs tentatives de comprehension de l'etat affectif de quelqu'un d'autre et aux compte-rendus maternels des reactions de compassion de leurs enfants. Il y avait aussi un lien inverse imprevu entre le comportement externalisant et le niveau d'excitation. Du point de vue des mesures parentales, les explications maternelles d'emotions etaient liees de maniere positive aux tentatives des enfants de comprehension de l'etat affectif de quelqu'un d'autre alors que les directives des meres pour que les enfants etiquetent les emotions etaient positivement liees a l'inquietude emotionnelle pour les autres exprimees par les enfants. Les implications de ces resultats pour la comprehension de l'empathie et du developpement de la culpabilite chez les jeunes enfants sont discutees.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"15 1","pages":"580-596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82497115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of attachment security, temperament, maternal perception, and care‐giving behavior in persistent infant sleeping problems","authors":"Julian M. B. Morrell, H. Steele","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10072","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the relationship of etiological factors to infant sleeping problems during the first year, and at follow-up during the second year of life. The relevant factors for concurrent sleeping problems (in order of importance) were problematic maternal cognition concerning setting limits on the infant, fussy–difficult infant temperament, maternal anxiety–depression, ambivalent attachment, and certain maternal care-giving behaviors involving the use of active physical comforting (cuddling to sleep, settling on sofa or in parental bed, and giving a feed). High initial levels of sleeping problems largely explained the continuity in infant sleeping problems over time. However, this continuity was significantly mediated by the influence of both problematic maternal cognition and infant temperament on the parental use of active physical comforting to settle infants to sleep. In addition, ambivalent attachment had a small but significant independent contribution to persistent problems. Regarding discontinuity in infant sleeping problems over time, infants who developed sleeping problems were those whose parents used high levels of active physical comforting, whereas those infants whose sleeping problems recovered were more likely to have mothers with low depression–anxiety. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to developmental models of infant sleeping problems, and the assessment and treatment of infant sleeping problems. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":"447-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76513320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother–infant behavioral interactions in teenage and adult mothers during the first six months postpartum: Relations with infant development","authors":"A. Pomerleau, Connie Scuccimarri, G. Malcuit","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10073","url":null,"abstract":"Le but de cette etude etait de comparer les interactions comportementales de meres adolescentes (groupe a haut risque), de meres adultes a risque (groupe a risque modere) et de meres adultes sans risque (groupe a faible risque), a un et six mois postpartum, et d'examiner les relations entre les comportements maternels et les scores de developpement du nourrisson sur les echelles de Bailey. Les resultats indiquerent que les meres adolescentes a haut risque et les meres adultes a risque modere vocalisaient moins et avaient des cotes d'evaluation imprevues plus bas, compare aux meres a risque faible. Aussi, les nourrissons dans les groupes a risque eleve et a risque modere obtinrent des scores mentaux plus bas a six mois que le groupe a risque faible. Une stabilite moderee au fil du temps a ete discernee pour la vocalisation maternelle et les scores des nourrissons sur l'echelle mentale. Les vocalisations maternelles et les cotes d'evaluation comportementales imprevues a un mois etaient liees a la performance sur les echelles de Bailey. Des strategies d'intervention specifiques sont discutees dans le but de cibler et d'ameliorer les patterns precoce de comportement maternel chez les groupes a risque.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"14 1","pages":"495-509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76250339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mother-child and metapelet-child touch behavior with three-year-old kibbutz children in two contexts","authors":"R. Landau, Ronit Shusel, Y. Eshel, M. Ben-Aaron","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10069","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency and function of self-touch and of touching another was studied among 32 three-year-old kibbutz children, their mothers, and their metaplot [caretakers; singular: metapelet] in two contexts: coconstruction of a narrative with Duplo toys, and coconstruction of a narrative with an emotion-evoking picture book without text. Self-touch, mainly fidgeting, was more frequent for children during the task with the picture book and more frequent for adults during the task with the Duplo toys. Mothers and children touched each other more often than metaplot and children. Adults' touches of the children were perceived as either expressions of affection or as acts of grooming and were task-related. The children's touching of the adults was mainly task-related. It appears that self-touch is for children and adults alike a mode of self-regulation of mild stress and that touching the other has a wide range of functions, especially in intimate relationships. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"115 1","pages":"529-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80822969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of traumatic experiences on the infant–mother relationship in the former war zones of central Mozambique: The case of madzawde in Gorongosa","authors":"Victor Igreja","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10068","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the ways in which years of war and periods of serious drought have affected the cultural representations of the populations in Gorongosa District, Mozambique. In the wake of these events different cultural and historical representations have been disrupted, leavingthe members of these communities with fragmented protective and resilience factors to cope effectively. Emphasis is placed on the disruption of madzawde, a mechanism that regulates the relationship between the child (one to two years of life) and the mother, and the family in general. The war, aggravated by famine, prevented the populations from performingthis child-rearingpractice. Nearly a decade after the war ended, the posttraumatic effects of this disruption are still beingobserved both by traditional healers and health-care workers at the district hospital. The results suggest that this disruption is affecting and com- promisingthe development of the child and the physical and psycholog ical health of the mother. An in- depth understandingof this level of trauma and posttraumatic effects is instrumental in makinga culturally sensitive diagnosis and in developing effective intervention strategies based on local knowledge that has not been entirely lost but is nonetheless beingquestioned. RESUMEN: Este ensayo trata de las maneras en que los anos de guerra y los periodos de dura sequia han afectado las representaciones culturales de las poblaciones en el distrito Gorongosa, en Mozambique. Como resultado de estos eventos, se han trastornado diferentes representaciones culturales e historicas, dejandoles a los miembros de estas comunidades factores de proteccion y resistencia frangmentados para arreglarselas con efectividad. Se pone enfasis en la ruptura de madzawde, un mecanismo que regula la relacion entre el hijo (1 a 2 anos de vida) y la madre, y en general con la familia. La guerra, con el agravante del hambre, no les permitioa las poblaciones llevar a cabo esta practica de crianza del nino. Casi una decada despues del termino de la guerra, los efectos traumaticos posteriores de esta ruptura son","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"12 1","pages":"469-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82418255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary: Intergenerational transmission of trauma: The infant's experience","authors":"T. Gaensbauer","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"29 1","pages":"524-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76440448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}