Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Seegene Anyplex II Performance for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Cervical Cancer Specimens.","authors":"Gholamreza Haqshenas, Monica Molano, Samuel Phillips, Prisha Balgovind, Suzanne M Garland, David Hawkes, Julia Ml Brotherton, Dorothy A Machalek, Gerald Murray","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0317-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0317-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues may identify the cause of lesions and has value for the development of new diagnostic assays and epidemiologic studies. Seegene Anyplex II assays are widely used for HPV screening, but their performance using FFPE samples has not been fully explored.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To validate Anyplex II HPV HR Detection (Anyplex II, Seegene) using FFPE samples.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>We used 248 stored DNA extracts from cervical cancer FFPE samples collected during 2005-2015 that tested HPV positive using the RHA kit HPV SPF10-LiPA25, v1 (SPF10, Labo Biomedical Products) HPV genotyping assay, manufacturer-validated for FFPE samples.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Of the selected 248 samples, 243 were used in our analysis. Consistent with SPF10 genotyping results, Anyplex II detected all 12 oncogenic types and had an overall HPV detection rate of 86.4% (210 of 243 samples). Anyplex II and SPF10 showed very high agreement for the detection of the 2 most important oncogenic genotypes: HPV 16 (219 of 226; 96.9%; 95% CI, 93.7-98.75) and HPV 18 (221 of 226; 97.8%; 95% CI, 94.9-99.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Overall results showed that both platforms produced comparable HPV genotyping results, indicating the suitability of Anyplex II for FFPE samples. The Anyplex II assay has the added convenience of being an efficient, single-well semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Further optimization of Anyplex II may enhance its performance using FFPE samples by improving the detection limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"353-358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Population-Based Study of Patients With Small Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type, Encompassing a 30-Year Period.","authors":"Ana Blatnik, Vita Šetrajčič Dragoš, Olga Blatnik, Vida Stegel, Gašper Klančar, Srdjan Novaković, Primož Drev, Tina Žagar, Sebastjan Merlo, Erik Škof, Mirjana Pavlova Bojadžiski, Ksenija Strojnik, Mateja Krajc","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0297-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0297-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare and lethal tumor, characterized by hypercalcemia and early onset and associated with germline and somatic SMARCA4 variants.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To identify all known cases of SCCOHT in the Slovenian population from 1991 to 2021 and present genetic testing results, histopathologic findings, and clinical data for these patients. We also estimate the incidence of SCCOHT.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of hospital medical records and data from the Slovenian Cancer Registry in order to identify cases of SCCOHT and obtain relevant clinical data. Histopathologic review of tumor samples with assessment of immunohistochemical staining for SMARCA4/BRG1 was undertaken to confirm the diagnosis of SCCOHT. Germline and somatic genetic analyses were performed using targeted next-generation sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Between 1991 and 2021, we identified 7 cases of SCCOHT in a population of 2 million. Genetic causes were determined in all cases. Two novel germline loss-of-function variants in SMARCA4 LRG_878t1:c.1423_1429delTACCTCA p.(Tyr475Ilefs*24) and LRG_878t1:c.3216-1G>T were identified. At diagnosis, patients were ages 21 to 41 and had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, or FIGO, stage IA-III disease. Outcomes were poor, with 6 of 7 patients dying of disease-related complications within 27 months from diagnosis. One patient had stable disease for 12 months while receiving immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>We present genetic, histopathologic, and clinical characteristics for all cases of SCCOHT identified in the Slovenian population during a 30-year period. We report 2 novel germline SMARCA4 variants, possibly associated with high penetrance. We estimate the minimal incidence of SCCOHT to be 0.12 per 1 million per year.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Identification of Patients With NTRK Fusions Using a Supervised Tumor-Agnostic Approach.","authors":"Susana Hernandez, Esther Conde, Aida Molero, Ana Suarez-Gauthier, Rebeca Martinez, Marta Alonso, Carlos Plaza, Carmen Camacho, Debora Chantada, Laura Juaneda-Magdalena, Enrique Garcia-Toro, Patricia Saiz-Lopez, Federico Rojo, Mar Abad, Valentina Boni, Sofia Del Carmen, Rita Maria Regojo, Marina Esther Sanchez-Frias, Cristina Teixido, Luis Paz-Ares, Fernando Lopez-Rios","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0443-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0443-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>The neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) family gene rearrangements have been recently incorporated as predictive biomarkers in a \"tumor-agnostic\" manner. However, the identification of these patients is extremely challenging because the overall frequency of NTRK fusions is below 1%. Academic groups and professional organizations have released recommendations on the algorithms to detect NTRK fusions. The European Society for Medical Oncology proposal encourages the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) if available, or alternatively immunohistochemistry (IHC) could be used for screening with NGS confirmation of all positive IHC results. Other academic groups have included histologic and genomic information in the testing algorithm.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To apply some of these triaging strategies for a more efficient identification of NTRK fusions within a single institution, so pathologists can gain practical insight on how to start looking for NTRK fusions.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>A multiparametric strategy combining histologic (secretory carcinomas of the breast and salivary gland; papillary thyroid carcinomas; infantile fibrosarcoma) and genomic (driver-negative non-small cell lung carcinomas, microsatellite instability-high colorectal adenocarcinomas, and wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors) triaging was put forward.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Samples from 323 tumors were stained with the VENTANA pan-TRK EPR17341 Assay as a screening method. All positive IHC cases were simultaneously studied by 2 NGS tests, Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 and FoundationOne CDx. With this approach, the detection rate of NTRK fusions was 20 times higher (5.57%) by only screening 323 patients than the largest cohort in the literature (0.30%) comprising several hundred thousand patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Based on our findings, we propose a multiparametric strategy (ie, \"supervised tumor-agnostic approach\") when pathologists start searching for NTRK fusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Third-Generation Sequencing and Routine Polymerase Chain Reaction in Genetic Analysis of Thalassemia.","authors":"Zhen Xu, Lanping Hu, Yinyin Liu, Can Peng, Guo Zeng, Li Zeng, Mengyue Yang, Siyuan Linpeng, Xiufen Bu, Xuanyu Jiang, Tiantian Xie, Libao Chen, Shihao Zhou, Jun He","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0299-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0299-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Thalassemia is the most widely distributed monogenic autosomal recessive disorder in the world. Accurate genetic analysis of thalassemia is crucial for thalassemia prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To compare the clinical utility of a third-generation sequencing-based approach termed comprehensive analysis of thalassemia alleles with routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic analysis of thalassemia and explore the molecular spectrum of thalassemia in Hunan Province.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>Subjects in Hunan Province were recruited, and hematologic testing was performed. Five hundred four subjects positive on hemoglobin testing were then used as the cohort, and third-generation sequencing and routine PCR were used for genetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Of the 504 subjects, 462 (91.67%) had the same results, whereas 42 (8.33%) exhibited discordant results between the 2 methods. Sanger sequencing and PCR testing confirmed the results of third-generation sequencing. In total, third-generation sequencing correctly detected 247 subjects with variants, whereas PCR identified 205, which showed an increase in detection of 20.49%. Moreover, α triplications were identified in 1.98% (10 of 504) hemoglobin testing-positive subjects in Hunan Province. Seven hemoglobin variants with potential pathogenicity were detected in 9 hemoglobin testing-positive subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Third-generation sequencing is a more comprehensive, reliable, and efficient approach for genetic analysis of thalassemia than PCR, and allowed for a characterization of the thalassemia spectrum in Hunan Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"336-344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Profiling of African American Patients With Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Metastatic to the Lymph Nodes: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Samuel Bidot, Jun Yin, Pengbo Zhou, Linsheng Zhang, Kristin K Deeb, Geoffrey Smith, Charles E Hill, Joanne Xiu, Mehmet A Bilen, Katherine B Case, Mazie Tinsley, Bradley Carthon, Lara R Harik","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0274-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0274-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Genetic profiling data of prostatic adenocarcinoma are derived from predominantly White patients. In African Americans, prostatic adenocarcinoma has a poorer prognosis, raising the possibility of distinct genetic alterations.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To investigate the genomic alterations of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to regional lymph nodes in African American patients, with an emphasis on SPOP mutation.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed African American patients with pN1 prostatic adenocarcinoma managed with radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection. Comprehensive molecular profiling was performed, and androgen receptor signaling scores were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Nineteen patients were included. The most frequent genetic alteration was SPOP mutations (5 of 17; 29.4% [95% CI: 10.3-56.0]). While most alterations were associated with a high androgen receptor signaling score, mutant SPOP was exclusively associated with a low median and interquartile range (IQR) androgen receptor signaling score (0.788 [IQR 0.765-0.791] versus 0.835 [IQR 0.828-0.842], P = .003). In mutant SPOP, mRNA expression of SPOP inhibitor G3BP1 and SPOP substrates showed a significantly decreased expression of AR (33.40 [IQR 28.45-36.30] versus 59.53 [IQR 53.10-72.83], P = .01), TRIM24 (3.95 [IQR 3.28-5.03] versus 9.80 [IQR 7.39-11.70], P = .008), and NCOA3 (15.19 [IQR 10.59-15.93] versus 21.88 [IQR 18.41-28.33], P = .046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>African American patients with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma might have a higher prevalence of mutant SPOP (30%), compared to ∼10% in unselected cohorts with lower expressions of SPOP substrates. In our study, in patients with mutant SPOP, the mutation was associated with decreased SPOP substrate expression and androgen receptor signaling, raising concern for suboptimal efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy in this subset of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"310-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9640849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology Residents' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Breast Pathology: A National Survey.","authors":"Erika M Harper, Evita Henderson-Jackson, Marilin Rosa","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0323-EP","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0323-EP","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Breast pathology (BP) is considered to be subject to interobserver variability among pathologists, emphasizing the need for adequate training. However, specifics of BP residency training have not been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To assess the characteristics of BP residency training in the United States.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>A Qualtrics-managed online survey was emailed to program directors of all US pathology residency programs, requesting them to forward the survey link to their pathology residents.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>One hundred seventeen residents' survey responses were evaluable. Most responses (92; 79%) came from residents in university hospital-based programs. Thirty-five respondents (30%) had a dedicated BP rotation in their program. Most respondents believed that BP was an important part of training (96 of 100; 96%) and pathology practice (95 of 100; 95%). Seventy-one respondents believed that their BP training was adequate overall (71 of 100; 71%). Forty-one percent of respondents indicated that they would not like BP to be a significant part of their future practice. The main reasons given were that they had a different preferred area of interest, that they lacked interest in BP, or that breast cases were time-consuming to sign out.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Our results show that in the United States, most programs do not offer a dedicated BP rotation, but breast cases are signed out by subspecialized or experienced breast pathologists. In addition, most respondents believed that they received adequate training and would be competent to independently sign out BP in the future. Additional studies addressing new-in-practice pathologists' proficiency in BP will further help elucidate the quality of BP training in the United States.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"371-376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Validation Study Comparing Fluorescence-Imitating Brightfield Imaging, A Slide-Free Imaging Method, With Standard Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Hematoxylin-Eosin-Stained Tissue Section Histology for Primary Surgical Pathology Diagnosis.","authors":"Alexander D Borowsky, Richard M Levenson, Allen M Gown, Taryn Morningstar, Thomas A Fleury, Gregory Henderson, Kurt Schaberg, Amelia B Sybenga, Eric F Glassy, Sandra L Taylor, Farzad Fereidouni","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0432-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0432-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Digital pathology using whole slide images has been recently approved to support primary diagnosis in clinical surgical pathology practices. Here we describe a novel imaging method, fluorescence-imitating brightfield imaging, that can capture the surface of fresh tissue without requiring prior fixation, paraffin embedding, tissue sectioning, or staining.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To compare the ability of pathologists to evaluate direct-to-digital images with standard pathology preparations.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>One hundred surgical pathology samples were obtained. Samples were first digitally imaged, then processed for standard histologic examination on 4-μm hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and digitally scanned. The resulting digital images from both digital and standard scan sets were viewed by each of 4 reading pathologists. The data set consisted of 100 reference diagnoses and 800 study pathologist reads. Each study read was compared to the reference diagnosis, and also compared to that reader's diagnosis across both modalities.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>The overall agreement rate, across 800 reads, was 97.9%. This consisted of 400 digital reads at 97.0% versus reference and 400 standard reads versus reference at 98.8%. Minor discordances (defined as alternative diagnoses without clinical treatment or outcome implications) were 6.1% overall, 7.2% for digital, and 5.0% for standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Pathologists can provide accurate diagnoses from fluorescence-imitating brightfield imaging slide-free images. Concordance and discordance rates are similar to published rates for comparisons of whole slide imaging to standard light microscopy of glass slides for primary diagnosis. It may be possible, therefore, to develop a slide-free, nondestructive approach for primary pathology diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12054848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9519046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemistry Update in Dermatopathology and Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology.","authors":"Melanie Bourgeau, Jerad M Gardner","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2023-0033-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2023-0033-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in dermatopathology, particularly for melanocytic lesions and poorly differentiated malignancies. In the field of bone and soft tissue pathology, molecular methods remain the gold standard for diagnosis; however, immunohistochemistry targeting underlying molecular alterations represents a valuable screening tool, especially in areas with limited access to molecular testing.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To describe the utility and limitations of new and emerging immunohistochemical stains in the diagnosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone tumors.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>A literature review of recently described immunohistochemical stains in the fields of dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology was performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Immunohistochemistry is an important adjunctive tool for select entities in dermatopathology and bone and soft tissue pathology, and it provides pathologists with valuable evidence of their behavior, underlying molecular alterations, and line of differentiation. Furthermore, immunostains targeting molecular abnormalities have the potential to replace current molecular methods. Many of these recently described stains demonstrate higher sensitivity and specificity; however, limitations and pitfalls still exist, and correlation with morphologic and clinical findings remains essential for diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9933557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates in Immunohistochemistry for Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Neoplasms.","authors":"Haluk Kavus, Yi Ding, Mary Dhesi","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0465-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0465-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>In their 2014 article \"New Immunohistochemistry for B-cell Lymphoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma,\" Zhang and Aguilera reviewed new immunohistochemical markers for B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma and described how to use these markers for correct lymphoma diagnoses, using the 2008 World Health Organization classifications. Recently, the World Health Organization's WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues published 2022 updates, and, in quick sequence, a second group published an alternative International Consensus Classification of myeloid neoplasms, acute leukemias, and mature lymphoid neoplasms. Regardless of the system a hematopathologist chooses to follow, updates in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of disease are described in both publications as well as in the primary literature. In addition to updated classifications, the increasing use of small biopsy samples for the evaluation of lymphadenopathy continues to challenge hematopathology diagnosis and increase the utilization of immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To review new immunohistochemical markers or new uses of previously known immunohistochemical markers in the evaluation of hematolymphoid neoplasia for the practicing hematopathologist.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>Data were obtained from a literature review and personal practice experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>The practicing hematopathologist requires knowledge of the ever-expanding repertoire of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis and treatment of hematolymphoid neoplasia. New markers presented in this article help to complete our understanding of disease, diagnosis, and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Lung Particulates Using Quantitative Microscopy in Coal Miners With Severe Pneumoconiosis.","authors":"Jeremy T Hua, Carlyne D Cool, Heather A Lowers, Leonard H T Go, Lauren M Zell-Baran, Emily A Sarver, Kirsten S Almberg, Kathy D Pang, Susan M Majka, Angela D Franko, Naseema I Vorajee, Robert A Cohen, Cecile S Rose","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0427-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0427-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Current approaches for characterizing retained lung dust using pathologists' qualitative assessment or scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) have limitations.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To explore polarized light microscopy coupled with image-processing software, termed quantitative microscopy-particulate matter (QM-PM), as a tool to characterize in situ dust in lung tissue of US coal miners with progressive massive fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>We developed a standardized protocol using microscopy images to characterize the in situ burden of birefringent crystalline silica/silicate particles (mineral density) and carbonaceous particles (pigment fraction). Mineral density and pigment fraction were compared with pathologists' qualitative assessments and SEM/EDS analyses. Particle features were compared between historical (born before 1930) and contemporary coal miners, who likely had different exposures following changes in mining technology.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Lung tissue samples from 85 coal miners (62 historical and 23 contemporary) and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using QM-PM. Mineral density and pigment fraction measurements with QM-PM were comparable to consensus pathologists' scoring and SEM/EDS analyses. Contemporary miners had greater mineral density than historical miners (186 456 versus 63 727/mm3; P = .02) and controls (4542/mm3), consistent with higher amounts of silica/silicate dust. Contemporary and historical miners had similar particle sizes (median area, 1.00 versus 1.14 μm2; P = .46) and birefringence under polarized light (median grayscale brightness: 80.9 versus 87.6; P = .29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>QM-PM reliably characterizes in situ silica/silicate and carbonaceous particles in a reproducible, automated, accessible, and time/cost/labor-efficient manner, and shows promise as a tool for understanding occupational lung pathology and targeting exposure controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":" ","pages":"327-335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9577520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}