Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Adenomyomas of the Gallbladder: An Analysis of Frequency, Clinicopathologic Associations, and Relationship to Carcinoma of a Malformative Lesion.","authors":"Nevra Dursun, Bahar Memis, Burcin Pehlivanoglu, Orhun Cig Taskin, Oguzhan Okcu, Gizem Akkas, Pelin Bagci, Serdar Balci, Burcu Saka, Juan Carlos Araya, Enrique Bellolio, Juan Carlos Roa, Kee-Taek Jang, Hector Losada, Shishir K Maithel, Juan Sarmiento, Michelle D Reid, Jin-Young Jang, Jeanette D Cheng, Olca Basturk, Jill Koshiol, N Volkan Adsay","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0379-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0379-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>The nature and associations of gallbladder (GB) \"adenomyoma\" (AM) remain controversial. Some studies have attributed up to 26% of GB carcinoma to AMs.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To examine the true frequency, clinicopathologic characteristics, and neoplastic changes in GB AM.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>Cholecystectomy cohorts analyzed were 1953 consecutive cases, prospectively with specific attention to AM; 2347 consecutive archival cases; 203 totally embedded GBs; 207 GBs with carcinoma; and archival search of institutions for all cases diagnosed as AM.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Frequency of AM was 9.3% (19 of 203) in totally submitted cases but 3.3% (77 of 2347) in routinely sampled archival tissue. A total of 283 AMs were identified, with a female to male ratio = 1.9 (177:94) and mean size = 1.3 cm (range, 0.3-5.9). Most (96%, 203 of 210) were fundic, with formed nodular trabeculated submucosal thickening, and were difficult to appreciate from the mucosal surface. Four of 257 were multifocal (1.6%), and 3 of 257 (1.2%) were extensive (\"adenomyomatosis\"). Dilated glands (up to 14 mm), often radially converging to a point in the mucosa, were typical. Muscle was often minimal, confined to the upper segment. Nine of 225 (4%) revealed features of a duplication. No specific associations with inflammation, cholesterolosis, intestinal metaplasia, or thickening of the uninvolved GB wall were identified. Neoplastic change arising in AM was seen in 9.9% (28 of 283). Sixteen of 283 (5.6%) had mural intracholecystic neoplasm; 7 of 283 (2.5%) had flat-type high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Thirteen of 283 cases had both AM and invasive carcinoma (4.6%), but in only 5 of 283 (1.8%), carcinoma arose from AM (invasion was confined to AM, and dysplasia was predominantly in AM).</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>AMs have all the features of a malformative developmental lesion, and may not show a significant muscle component (ie, the name \"adeno-myoma\" is partly a misnomer). While most are innocuous, some pathologies may arise in AMs, including intracholecystic neoplasms, flat-type high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma (1.8%, 5 of 283). It is recommended that gross examination of GBs include serial slicing of the fundus for AM detection and total submission if one is found.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9460842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updates in the Use of Immunohistochemical Stains in Breast and Gynecologic Pathology.","authors":"Taylor M Jenkins, Chelsea R Mehr","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0467-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0467-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>The use of immunohistochemical stains in breast and gynecologic pathology has become increasingly complex, with various diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive applications.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To provide an update and review of immunohistochemical stains used in the practice of breast and gynecologic pathology. Established and new entities are reviewed, with descriptions of histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining patterns and discussion of interpretive pitfalls.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>Data were obtained from review of the English-language literature and firsthand experience of the authors in breast and gynecologic pathology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Many entities in breast and gynecologic pathology benefit from evaluation with various immunohistochemical stains. These studies not only aid in the diagnosis and staging of tumors but also can provide prognostic and predictive information. Updated guidelines for recommended ancillary studies such as mismatch repair, p53, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) studies in endometrium, as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 in breast, are discussed. Finally, the use and interpretation of established and novel immunohistochemical stains are discussed in various breast and gynecologic malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9755127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unicentric Castleman Disease: Illustration of Its Morphologic Spectrum and Review of the Differential Diagnosis.","authors":"Siba El Hussein, Andrew G Evans, Hong Fang, Wei Wang, L Jeffrey Medeiros","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0404-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0404-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a dynamic entity with a wide spectrum of morphologic findings. UCD can be further subdivided into hyaline-vascular and mixed/plasmacytic variants. Hyaline-vascular UCD has both follicular and interfollicular (stromal) changes, and occasionally these lesions show a skewed representation of either the follicular or stromal compartments. Plasmacytosis is usually minimal in the hyaline-vascular variant. The mixed/plasmacytic variant of UCD is composed of sheets of plasma cells often associated with a variable number of follicles with regressive changes.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To illustrate the differential diagnosis of UCD, as it is quite broad and includes lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, stromal neoplasms such as follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and vascular neoplasms, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, infections, and other rare lesions. An additional objective is to enhance awareness of the morphologic features of UCD in excisional and in small core-needle biopsy specimens, the latter of which may inadvertently target follicle- or stroma-rich areas, causing diagnostic challenges.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>In this review, we provide readers a concise illustration of the morphologic spectrum of UCD that we have encountered in our practice and a brief discussion of entities in the differential diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>UCD exhibits a broad spectrum of morphologic changes, and awareness of these morphologic variations is key to avoid misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichorhinophalangeal Syndrome Type 1 Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for Diagnosing Triple-Negative Breast Carcinomas on Cytologic Samples.","authors":"Terrance J Lynn, Jianhui Shi, Haiyan Liu, Sara E Monaco, Jeffrey W Prichard, Fan Lin","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0411-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0411-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Definitive diagnosis of metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) is challenging on cytologic samples. Recent studies demonstrated that trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) is a highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing breast carcinomas, including TNBC, on surgical specimens.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To evaluate TRPS1 expression in TNBCs on cytologic samples and a large series of nonbreast tumors on tissue microarray sections.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of TRPS1 and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) was performed on 35 TNBC cases on surgical specimens, and 29 consecutive TNBC cases on cytologic specimens. IHC analysis of TRPS1 expression was also performed on 1079 nonbreast tumors on tissue microarray sections.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>Of the surgical specimens, 35 of 35 TNBC cases (100%) were positive for TRPS1, all with diffuse positivity, whereas 27 of 35 (77%) were positive for GATA3, with diffuse positivity in 7 cases (26%). Of the cytologic samples, 27 of 29 TNBC cases (93%) were positive for TRPS1, with diffuse positivity in 20 cases (74%), whereas 12 of 29 (41%) were positive for GATA3, with diffuse positivity in 2 cases (17%). Of the nonbreast malignant tumors, TRPS1 expression was seen in 9.4% (3 of 32) of melanomas, 10.7% (3 of 28) of small cell carcinomas of the bladder, and 9.7% (4 of 41) of ovarian serous carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Our data confirm that TRPS1 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing TNBC cases on surgical specimens as reported in the literature. In addition, these data demonstrate that TRPS1 is a much more sensitive marker than GATA3 in detecting metastatic TNBC cases on cytologic samples. Therefore, inclusion of TRPS1 in the diagnostic IHC panel is recommended when a metastatic TNBC is suspected.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10132340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate Medical Education in Pathology: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Robert L Schmidt, Sandra K White, Kathleen H Timme, Mary M McFarland, Lesley C Lomo","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0365-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0365-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Pathologists have produced a substantial body of literature on graduate medical education (GME). However, this body of literature is diverse and has not yet been characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To chart the concepts, research methods, and publication patterns of studies on GME in pathology.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>This was a systematic scoping review covering all literature produced since 1980 in the PubMed and Embase databases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Research on GME in pathology is evenly dispersed across educational topics. This body of literature would benefit from research based on theory, stronger study designs, and studies that can provide evidence to support decisions on educational policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9241304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Updates and Diagnostic Challenges in Endometrial Carcinoma.","authors":"Gulisa Turashvili, Krisztina Hanley","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0280-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0280-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Clinical management of endometrial carcinoma largely depends on the morphologic parameters ascertained based on the pathologic evaluation of surgical resection specimens. However, there are numerous controversial and nonstandardized aspects of both the macroscopic and microscopic assessment of surgical specimens, including grossing, adequate sampling, diagnosis, staging, reporting, and ancillary testing.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To provide a comprehensive practical review of standardized grossing, key morphologic findings for reporting and staging, and diagnostic and prognostic use of ancillary testing in endometrial carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>The existing literature, recommendations of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists, and specialty consensus guidelines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>This review article summarizes important aspects of the grossing and sampling of surgical resection specimens for microscopic examination, key morphologic parameters that are required for reporting and staging, and morphologic features and immunoprofiles helpful in the differential diagnosis of low-grade and high-grade endometrial carcinomas, as well as the current status of the molecular classification of endometrial carcinoma and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in serous carcinoma. The information presented herein can be helpful in overcoming diagnostic challenges and issues related to the pathology reporting of endometrial carcinoma to practicing anatomic pathologists.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9145566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Nodular Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Distinct Entity or Simply Hyperplastic Polyps Arising in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia?","authors":"Monica Sanchez-Avila, Khalid Amin, Aastha Chauhan, Zhuo Geng, Shawn Mallery, Dale C Snover","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0230-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0230-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Nodular gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a reported phenotype of GAVE that has histologic features overlapping with gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs), with additional features often seen in flat mucosa of GAVE.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To determine if nodular GAVE and GHPs are distinct lesions by evaluating the prevalence of features reported in nodular GAVE in GHPs with or without associated GAVE.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>A review of all lesions diagnosed as GHPs between 2014 and 2017 was performed. Slides were analyzed for a number of features including established histologic features of GAVE without knowledge of clinical or endoscopic features.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>A total of 90 polyps were analyzed including 18 from patients with GAVE (20%). GAVE polyps were larger than non-GAVE polyps (average size, 1.3 cm versus 0.68 cm; P < .001), with more common extensive ulceration and associated granulation tissue (61.11% [n = 11] versus 4.17% [n = 3]; P = .004), fibrin thrombi (50% [n = 9] versus 15% [n = 11]; P = .003), moderate to marked vascular ectasia (83% [n = 15] versus 35% [n = 11]; P = .001), and fibrohyalinosis (72% [n = 13] versus 28% [n = 20]; P = .001). All polyps showed foveolar hyperplasia and smooth muscle proliferation. There were no features that were exclusively found in GAVE or non-GAVE cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Nodular GAVE appears to represent GHPs arising in a background of GAVE, with superimposed features found in flat mucosa of GAVE stomachs. The presence of fibrin thrombi, marked vascular ectasia, fibrohyalinosis, and/or ulceration in a GHP is suggestive but not diagnostic of GAVE, and the absence of these features does not rule out GAVE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application and Pitfalls of Immunohistochemical Markers in Challenging Diagnosis of Genitourinary Pathology.","authors":"Jianhong Li, Myra L Wilkerson, Fang-Ming Deng, Haiyan Liu","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0493-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0493-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>The morphologic features of different entities in genitourinary pathology overlap, presenting a diagnostic challenge, especially when diagnostic materials are limited. Immunohistochemical markers are valuable when morphologic features alone are insufficient for definitive diagnosis. The World Health Organization classification of urinary and male genital tumors has been updated for 2022. An updated review of immunohistochemical markers for newly classified genitourinary neoplasms and their differential diagnosis is needed.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To review immunohistochemical markers used in the diagnosis of genitourinary lesions in the kidney, bladder, prostate, and testis. We particularly emphasized difficult differential diagnosis and pitfalls in immunohistochemistry application and interpretation. New markers and new entities in the 2022 World Health Organization classifications of genitourinary tumors are reviewed. Recommended staining panels for commonly encountered difficult differential diagnoses and potential pitfalls are discussed.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>Review of current literature and our own experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of problematic lesions of the genitourinary tract. However, the immunostains must be carefully interpreted in the context of morphologic findings with a thorough knowledge of pitfalls and limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Heterogeneity Confounds Lymphocyte Metrics in Diagnostic Lung Cancer Biopsies.","authors":"Hedvig Elfving, Viktoria Thurfjell, Johanna Sofia Margareta Mattsson, Max Backman, Carina Strell, Patrick Micke","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0327-OA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0327-OA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>The immune microenvironment is involved in fundamental aspects of tumorigenesis, and immune scores are now being developed for clinical diagnostics.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To evaluate how well small diagnostic biopsies and tissue microarrays (TMAs) reflect immune cell infiltration compared to the whole tumor slide, in tissue from patients with non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Design.—: </strong>A TMA was constructed comprising tissue from surgical resection specimens of 58 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, with available preoperative biopsy material. Whole sections, biopsies, and TMA were stained for the pan-T lymphocyte marker CD3 to determine densities of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immune cell infiltration was assessed semiquantitatively as well as objectively with a microscopic grid count. For 19 of the cases, RNA sequencing data were available.</p><p><strong>Results.—: </strong>The semiquantitative comparison of immune cell infiltration between the whole section and the biopsy displayed fair agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.29; P = .01; CI, 0.03-0.51). In contrast, the TMA showed substantial agreement compared with the whole slide (ICC, 0.64; P < .001; CI, 0.39-0.79). The grid-based method did not enhance the agreement between the different tissue materials. The comparison of CD3 RNA sequencing data with CD3 cell annotations confirmed the poor representativity of biopsies as well as the stronger correlation for the TMA cores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Although overall lymphocyte infiltration is relatively well represented on TMAs, the representativity in diagnostic lung cancer biopsies is poor. This finding challenges the concept of using biopsies to establish immune scores as prognostic or predictive biomarkers for diagnostic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9695694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pathologic Diagnosis of Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors in the Era of Molecular Medicine: The Sarcoma Pediatric Pathology Research Interest Group Perspective.","authors":"Jennifer O Black, Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi, Michael A Arnold, Cheryl M Coffin, Jessica L Davis, David M Parham, Erin R Rudzinski, Archana Shenoy, Lea F Surrey, Serena Y Tan, Sheri L Spunt","doi":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0364-RA","DOIUrl":"10.5858/arpa.2022-0364-RA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context.—: </strong>Pediatric soft tissue tumors are one of the areas of pediatric pathology that frequently generate consult requests. Evolving classification systems, ancillary testing methods, new treatment options, research enrollment opportunities, and tissue archival processes create additional complexity in handling these unique specimens. Pathologists are at the heart of this critical decision-making, balancing responsibilities to consider expediency, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of ancillary testing during pathologic examination and reporting.</p><p><strong>Objective.—: </strong>To provide a practical approach to handling pediatric soft tissue tumor specimens, including volume considerations, immunohistochemical staining panel recommendations, genetic and molecular testing approaches, and other processes that impact the quality and efficiency of tumor tissue triage.</p><p><strong>Data sources.—: </strong>The World Health Organization Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumors, 5th edition, other recent literature investigating tissue handling, and the collective clinical experience of the group are used in this manuscript.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.—: </strong>Pediatric soft tissue tumors can be difficult to diagnose, and evaluation can be improved by adopting a thoughtful, algorithmic approach to maximize available tissue and minimize time to diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8305,"journal":{"name":"Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9534012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}