Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"Emerging micro and nanotechnologies in neuroscience: Devices, fabrication methods, and implementation in monitoring of neural activity and drug delivery","authors":"M. N. Hasan, A. N. Radwan, Myeongseop Kim, E. Kucukal, Debnath Maji, V. Pashaei, C. Chung, Abhishek Kakkar, U. Gurkan","doi":"10.1142/s2339547819300014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s2339547819300014","url":null,"abstract":"Neural activity that occur during motor movement, speech, thought, and various other events can be observed in the form of brainwaves composed of synchronized electrical pulses emitted from adjoining communicative neurons. Observations of these brainwaves have been made possible through neurodevices, which can detect changes in electrical and/or mechanical parameters. For decades, the field of neuroscience has been enriched by the utilization of neurotechnologies at the microscale, which has begun to gain further enhancement with the introduction of nanotechnology. For example, microelectrodes were initially used for only extracellular measurements, but over the past decade, developments have been made to also record intracellular signals. Likewise, nanoknives, which gained popularity due to their versatility, can now be used for both fabricating bio-Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and also as a neurosurgery tool. Thus, considerable efforts have been made over the years to make micro- and nanosystems reliable, accurate, and sensitive to neural activity. In the late 20th century, several sophisticated technologies, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring have been integrated with MEMS. Furthermore, existing biotechnologies are being miniaturized at both the system and component level. For example, there is a remarkable interest in the field of neuroscience to utilize microfluidic technology as a diagnostic tool using specimens such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Microfluidic devices are also employed as biocompatible drug delivery systems to target cells, tissues, and organs. This paper summarizes the recent developments in micro- and nano-scale neurotechnologies, including devices, fabrication processes, detection methods, their implementation challenges, in neural stimulation, monitoring, and drug delivery. This review discusses recent developments in micro and nanotechnologies, fabrication methods, and their implementation in neuroimaging, neurostimulation, monitoring of neural activities, and neural drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87500320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Channel Operations: the Implication of Free-riding and Decision Bias","authors":"Zhenyang Pi, Weiguo Fang, Baofeng Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3442777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3442777","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the effect of free-riding and decision bias on the dual-channel operations of a supply chain consisting of one retailer and one manufacturer, in which the manufacturer has an option to open the direct channel. Under the dual-channel scenario, we explore the role of the free-riding of the strategic customers, who firstly enter the store and then decide which channel to fulfill their demand, in (partially) enhancing their utility. When the manufacturer is sophisticated, we find that a higher free-riding degree and a higher strategic consumers’ proportion harm the retailer but may either benefit or harm the manufacturer, depending on the market conditions. Strategic consumers’ free-riding intensifies the horizontal price competition between two channels and exacerbates the double marginalization effect. There exists a win-win situation where the dual-channel strategy benefits both the manufacturer and the retailer. When the manufacturer is biased in the consumers’ acceptance of direct channel, we find that such bias increases the price competition, harms the manufacturer, but has no effect on the retailer’s profit. It intensifies the double marginalization effect and shrinks the range that the manufacturer chooses dual-channel strategy. We prove that the manufacturer’s insisting on his bias further expands these effects. More interestingly, both free-riding and manufacturer’s decision bias improve the consumers’ welfare.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87737715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Values of Traceability in Supply Chains","authors":"Yao Cui, Ming Hu, Jingchen Liu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3291661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3291661","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: We study how traceability can impact quality contracting under different supply chain structures. Academic/practical relevance: The recent development in blockchain technologies has enabled end-to-end traceability of supply chains. When a product failure occurs, such traceability information can be used to identify the suppliers at fault. Methodology: We use game theory to study the contracting equilibrium between one buyer and two suppliers. Results: In serial supply chains where each supplier belongs to a different tier of the supply chain, the sequential production process leads to a double moral hazard problem between the upstream and downstream suppliers, so that the upstream supplier is less incentivized and product quality is reduced. In this case, the ability to trace the production process improves efficiency by mitigating the double moral hazard. As a result, in serial supply chains, traceability always improves product quality and all firms' profits and naturally creates a win-win situation. In parallel supply chains where all suppliers belong to the same tier of the supply chain, the buyer may have to recall all products from the market once a defect occurs if he cannot trace which products were produced by the defective and non-defective suppliers. In this case, in addition to the improved efficiency due to the mitigated moral hazard, the ability to trace the product origin also impacts the supply chain by enabling flexibility in product recall, which can in fact reduce product quality. Furthermore, in parallel supply chains, while traceability always improves the buyer's profit and the total supply chain profit, it can reduce the suppliers' profits. Managerial implications: The impact of traceability critically depends on the supply chain structure. Blockchain-enabled traceability may be easier to gain traction in ``long\" multi-tier supply chains as opposed to ``flat\" multi-sourcing supply chains.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77912961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of pulsed electric fields for the valorization of platelets with no therapeutic value for transfusion medicine","authors":"D. Rego, L. Redondo, S. Casaleiro, A. Sousa, S. Abreu, M. Serra, V. E. Santo","doi":"10.1142/S2339547819500031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2339547819500031","url":null,"abstract":"Platelets are blood components with high biomedical potential due to their physiological role in wound healing and their rich growth factor content. This paper describes proof-of-concept experiments aimed to produce a new blood-derived product by applying pulsed electric fields (PEF) to platelet concentrates (PC) with no therapeutic value for transfusion medicine. A human platelet concentrate suspension was subjected to a PEF treatment of 1 pulse, 5[Formula: see text]kV/cm, for 2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s. Release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from the electroporated platelets was measured by ELISA. Furthermore, the biological activity of the obtained blood-derived product was characterized. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) were cultured in the presence of the proteins released from the platelets after PEF application and evaluated for their expansion potential. Results show that platelet concentrates subjected to a single PEF treatment can release PDGF to the supernatant. Protein release from the single and transient PEF cycle was confirmed by the expansion of hMSC cultured with a medium supplemented with the platelet releasate obtained from electroporated platelets. These results demonstrate the potential of a new application of PEF for the valorization of PC into a biomedical product with therapeutic value.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"1385 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S2339547819500031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72433001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Now or Later?': When to Deploy Qualification Screening in Open-Bid Auction for Re-Sourcing","authors":"Wen Zhang, Qi (George) Chen, Elena Katok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3371363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3371363","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers a re-sourcing setting in which a qualified supplier (the incumbent) and multiple suppliers which have not yet been qualified (the entrants) compete in an open-bid descending auction for a single-supplier contract. Due to the risk of supplier nonperformance, the buyer only awards the contract to a qualified supplier; meanwhile, the buyer can conduct supplier qualification screening at a cost, to verify whether the entrant suppliers can perform the contract. Conventionally, the buyer would screen entrants before running an auction, i.e., the pre-qualification strategy (PRE). We explore an alternative approach called post-qualification strategy (POST), in which the buyer first runs an auction and then conducts qualification screenings based on the suppliers' auction bids. Our characterization of the dynamic structure of the suppliers' equilibrium bidding strategy enables the calculation of the buyer's expected cost under POST, which is computationally intractable without this characterization. We derive analytical conditions under which POST is cheaper than PRE, and also use a comprehensive numerical study to quantify the benefit of POST. We find that using the cheaper option between PRE and POST not only provides significant cost-savings over the conventional PRE-only approach but also captures the majority of the benefit an optimal mechanism can offer over PRE. Our results highlight the practical benefit of POST.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86419417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Coordination in Assembly Projects","authors":"Sina Shokoohyar, Anyan Qi, Elena Katok","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2889868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2889868","url":null,"abstract":"We study the coordination problem in a setting with multiple contractors working on a project. Specifically, we analyze the risk-sharing contract in which the contractors are paid at the end of the project, after all the tasks have been completed. Although intuitively the contractors should try to complete their tasks early, because under the risk-sharing contract the risk of delay is shared between them and the OEM, we show that the contractors may fail to coordinate their efforts. For a project with parallel tasks, there exist multiple Pareto-ranked equilibria, where all contractors exert the same efforts, and the worst project delay is observed when the contractors play the secure equilibrium. To mitigate this coordination failure, we propose an information feedback policy, and show that the contractors’ efforts in the secure equilibrium increase in the information feedback frequency. Therefore, the OEM may induce the contractors to increase their effort by providing information feedback with frequency that increases linearly in the number of contractors. To test our theoretical findings, we conducted a behavioral experiment that varied the availability of information feedback and the number of contractors. Our experiment confirms that absent feedback, coordination failure occurs, and information feedback is effective in improving the project progress.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized Pricing for a Cloud Provider Hosting Interactive Applications","authors":"Hossein Jahandideh, Julie Drew, Filippo Balestrieri, K. McCardle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3453838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3453838","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a cloud provider that hosts interactive applications, such as mobile apps and online games. Depending on the traffic of users for an application, the provider commits a subset of its resources (hardware capacity) to serve the application. The provider must choose a dynamic pricing mechanism to indirectly select the applications hosted and maximize revenue. We model the provider’s pricing problem as a large-scale stochastic dynamic program. To approach this problem, we propose a tractable approach to enable decomposing the multidimensional stochastic dynamic program into single-dimensional subproblems. We then extend the proposed framework to define an individualized dynamic pricing mechanism for the cloud provider. We present novel upper bounds on the optimal revenue to evaluate the performance of our pricing mechanism. The computational results show that a contract-based model of selling interactive cloud services achieves significantly greater revenue than the prevalent alternative and that our pricing scheme attains near-optimal revenue.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90237462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Optimal Control Problem for Output Material Flow on Conveyor Belt With Input Accumulating Bunker","authors":"O. Pihnastyi, V. Khodusov","doi":"10.14529/MMP190206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14529/MMP190206","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the synthesis of optimal control of the conveyor belt with the accumulating input bunker. Much attention is given to the model of the conveyor belt with a constant speed of the belt. Simulation of the conveyor belt is carried out in the one-moment approximation using partial differential equations. The conveyor belt is represented as a distributed system. The used PDE-model of the conveyor belt allows determining the state of the flow parameters for a given technological position as a function of time. We consider the optimal control problem for flow parameters of the conveyor belt. The problem consists in ensuring the minimum deviation of the output material flow from a given target amount. The control is carried out by the material flow amount, which comes from the accumulating bunker into the conveyor belt input. In the synthesis of optimal control, we take into account the limitations on the size of the accumulating bunker, as well as on both max and min amounts of control. We construct optimal control of the material flow amount coming from the accumulating bunker. Also, we determine the conditions to switch control modes and estimate time period between the moments of the switching.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75852400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Much to Tell Your Customer? – A Survey of Three Perspectives on Selling Strategies with Incompletely Specified Products","authors":"Jochen Gönsch","doi":"10.1016/J.EJOR.2019.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOR.2019.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80546285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cause Marketing: Product Pricing, Design and Distribution","authors":"Fei Gao","doi":"10.1287/MSOM.2019.0772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1287/MSOM.2019.0772","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: In a cause marketing (CM) campaign, a firm donates part of its sales revenue to a charity for a social cause when customers purchase the cause-linked product. We study a firm’s ...","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81199457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}