Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)最新文献

{"title":"New Product Development Speed: Too Much of a Good Thing?","authors":"Jiyao Chen, R. Reilly, G. Lynn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1595664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1595664","url":null,"abstract":"New product development (NPD) speed has become increasingly important for managing innovation in fast-changing business environments due to continuous reduction in the product life cycle time and increase in competition from technological advancements and globalization. While the existing literature has not produced consistent results regarding the relationship between speed and success for NPD projects, many scholars and practitioners assert that increasing NPD speed is virtually always important to NPD success. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implicit assumption that faster is better as it relates to new product success (NPS). From the perspectives of time-compression diseconomies and absorptive capacity, the authors question the assumption that speed has a linear relationship with success. The authors further argue that time-compression diseconomies depend on levels of uncertainty involved in NPD projects. Using survey data of 471 NPD projects, the hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis and subgroup polynomial regression. The results of this study indicate that NPD speed has a curvilinear relationship with NPS, and the nature of the speed–success relationship varies, depending on type and level of uncertainty. When turbulence or technological newness is high, the relationship is curvilinear, but when uncertainties are low, the relationship is linear. In contrast, the results of this study suggest a curvilinear relationship under conditions of low market newness but not when market newness is high. The present paper asserts that time-compression diseconomies and absorptive capacity are important theoretical constructs in understanding speed in NPD. The different impact of market newness and market turbulence on NPD speed supports the distinction of newness and turbulence as two different sources of uncertainty. Discussion focuses on the implications of NPD speed under the different conditions of uncertainty. NPD teams need to pursue NPD speed as a critical strategy, but it is necessary to analyze the source and degree of uncertainty about projects before a time-based strategy is selected. In order to address the challenges of high uncertainty, a firm needs to probe, learn, and iterate fast. In particular, NPD teams need to distinguish between the different requirements for new products in emerging and new markets, and those in fast-changing markets. Moreover, NPD teams need to balance how fast they need to go with how fast they can go by considering team absorptive capacity and customer absorptive capacity.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84892047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cournot Competition Under Yield Uncertainty: The Case of the U.S. Influenza Vaccine Market","authors":"S. Deo, C. Corbett","doi":"10.1287/MSOM.1080.0242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1287/MSOM.1080.0242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is inspired by the recurring mismatch between demand and supply in the U.S. influenza vaccine market. Economic theory predicts that an oligopolistic market with unregulated but costly entry will experience excess entry and oversupply, not the undersupply observed in the market for influenza vaccine in recent years. In this paper, we examine the interaction between yield uncertainty, a key characteristic of many production processes, including that for influenza vaccine, and firms' strategic behavior. We find that yield uncertainty can contribute to a high degree of concentration in an industry and a reduction in the industry output and the expected consumer surplus in equilibrium. We use parameter values loosely based on the U.S. influenza vaccine market to numerically illustrate the impact of yield uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73004348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R&D and Innovation in the Indian Material Sector","authors":"Avinash, Bikramjit Sinha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1472365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1472365","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their influence on the extent of sophistication and standard of living, materials have defined the ages of mankind. The development of the field is determined to a great extent by societal needs ranging from national security and communications to health and housing. Aspiration of India to become a developed nation by 2020 necessitates development of novel materials. At the same time increasing the availability and affordability of traditional materials is also essential to sustain and improve the quality of her people. Fulfilling these ambitions or promises requires a strong RD public, private and/or joint initiatives.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81515666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Orders for New To-Be-Released Products Considering Consumer Loss Aversion","authors":"Xuying Zhao, K. Stecke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1375207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1375207","url":null,"abstract":"Advance selling through pre-orders is a strategy to transfer inventory risk from a retailer to consumers. A newsvendor retailer can have three strategies to choose from: no advance selling allowed (NAS), moderate advance selling with a moderate discount for pre-orders (MAS), and deep advance selling with a deep discount for pre-orders (DAS). MAS allows for intermediate allocations of inventory risk: The retailer bears the risk on inventory carried for the selling season because of demand uncertainty while consumers bear the risk on products purchased in advance because of consumer valuation uncertainty. DAS completely transfers inventory risk from a retailer to consumers. This research studies how a retailer could design an advance selling strategy to maximize her own profits.We find some interesting results. For example, there exist two thresholds for the selling season profit margin and also two thresholds for consumer's expected valuation. For products with higher profit margin than the high threshold on profit margin, a retailer should always use a DAS strategy. For products with medium profit margin within the two thresholds, a retailer should adopt a MAS strategy if consumer's expected valuation is lower than the high threshold on expected valuation and use a DAS strategy otherwise. For products with lower profit margin than the low threshold on profit margin, a retailer should not encourage pre-order at all if consumer's expected valuation is lower than the low threshold on expected valuation, use a DAS strategy if consumer's expected valuation is higher than the high threshold, and use a MAS strategy if consumer's expected valuation is between the two thresholds. Through analytically comparing deep discount and moderate discount strategies, we also find that a strong correlation between the number of rational and loss averse consumers favors MAS more than DAS. An increase in consumer loss averse degree makes DAS less attractive to a retailer than MAS. An increase in the number of rational consumers hurts DAS more than MAS. An increase in the standard deviation of the number of loss averse consumers benefits DAS but hurts MAS.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78702396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Capacity Costs on Product Differentiation in Delivery Time, Delivery Reliability and Price","authors":"Tamer Boyacı, Saibal Ray","doi":"10.1111/J.1937-5956.2006.TB00239.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1937-5956.2006.TB00239.X","url":null,"abstract":"We develop an analytical framework for studying the role capacity costs play in shaping the optimal differentiation strategy in terms of prices, delivery times, and delivery reliabilities of a profit-maximizing firm selling two variants (express and regular) of a product in a capacitated environment. We first investigate three special cases. The first is an existing model of price and delivery time differentiation with exogenous reliabilities, which we only review. The second focuses on time-based (i.e., length and reliability) differentiation with exogenous prices. The third deals with deciding on all features for an express variant when a regular product already exists in the marketplace. We subsequently address the integrative framework of time-and-price-based differentiation for both products in a numerical study. Our results shed light on the role that customer preferences towards delivery times, reliabilities and prices, and the capacity costs (absolute and relative) have on the firm's optimal product positioning policy.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73520158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Diversity in Investments with Recombinant Innovation","authors":"J. C. van den Bergh, Paolo Zeppini-Rossi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1274093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1274093","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of dynamic, endogenous diversity and its role in theories of investment and technological innovation is addressed. We develop a formal model of an innovation arising from the combination of two existing modules, with the objective to optimize the net benefits of diversity. The model takes into account increasing returns to scale and the effect of diversification of investments on the probability of emergence of a third option. We obtain analytical solutions describing the dynamic behaviour of the values of the options. Next, diversity is optimized by trading off the benefits of recombinant innovation and returns to scale. We derive conditions for optimal diversity under different regimes of returns to scale. Threshold values of returns to scale and the recombination probability define regions where either specialization or diversity is the best choice. When the investment time horizon is beyond a threshold value, a diversified investment strategy is the best choice. This threshold will be larger for higher returns to scale. This problem is relevant to allocation of scarce funds by governments, research councils, firms and investors.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83872578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Wave or Not to Wave? Order Release Policies for Warehouses with an Automated Sorter","authors":"Jérémie Gallien, T. Weber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1266171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1266171","url":null,"abstract":"Batch (wave) release policies are prevalent in warehouses with an automated sorter, and take different forms depending on how batches released consecutively may overlap downstream in the sorter. Continuous (waveless) release constitutes an emerging alternative recently adopted by several firms. Although that new policy presents several advantages relative to waves, it requires more expensive technology and involves the possibility of congestion-induced collapse (gridlock) at the sorter. Using an extensive data set of detailed warehouse flow information from a leading U.S. online retailer, we first develop a model with validated predictive accuracy for a warehouse operating under waveless release. We then use that model to compute operational guidelines for dynamically managing the main control lever of that policy with the goal of maximizing throughput while keeping the risk of gridlock under a specified threshold. Second, we leverage that model and data set to compare the performance of wave-based and waveless policies through simulation. The best waveless policy yields larger or equal throughput than the best wave-based policy in all scenarios considered, and thus appears to merit some consideration by practitioners.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74538404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology Systems in the Wine Industry: The Constellation Brands Experience","authors":"J. Lee, Stefan Dobrus, William J. Rhyne, D.B.A.","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1512145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1512145","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is to serve as an audit of the strategy, processes and technology systems in the wine industry and to generate data on the use of technology in the wine industry. Technology is seen here as a strategy enabler. In order to study this topic, the authors chose to look at the local production practices of the largest wine company in the world, Constellation Brands, Inc. (NYSE:STZ). The name of the company, Constellation, suggests part of its corporate strategy to own and market a constellation of “star” brands. Data was gathered by literature reviews on the industry and the company, company materials, as well as interviews with wine industry professionals and Constellation employees.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73665482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information and Communication Technologies and Geographic Concentration of Manufacturing Industries: Evidence from China","authors":"Junjie Hong, Shihe Fu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1104652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1104652","url":null,"abstract":"Using the 2004 China economic census database, this paper examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the geographic concentration of manufacturing industries, controlling for other determinants of industrial agglomeration. Higher geographic concentration is found consistently in industries where ICT are more widely adopted, and the association is stronger at higher geographic levels. Furthermore, young firms that have adopted ICT, although they are more footloose, contribute to industrial agglomeration. High-tech industries with advanced ICT also tend to agglomerate. Contrary to the prevalent argument that ICT lead to more dispersion, our study suggests that ICT promote industrial agglomeration.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80894852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Markets, Biased Technological Change and Total Factor Productivity - Empirical Evidence from a Sample of OECD Countries","authors":"C. Antonelli, F. Quatraro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1102365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1102365","url":null,"abstract":"Technological change is far from neutral. The empirical analysis of the rate and direction of technological change in a significant sample of 10 OECD countries in the years 1971-2001 confirms the strong bias of new technologies. The introduction of new and biased technologies affects the actual levels of total factor productivity when it matches the characteristics of local factor markets so that locally abundant inputs become more productive. In turn the matching between the bias of technological change and the relative abundance of production factors can be considered as the result of a path dependent process where the quality of the local knowledge infrastructure plays a central role in shaping the direction.","PeriodicalId":82888,"journal":{"name":"Technology (Elmsford, N.Y.)","volume":"83 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72453849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}