Studies in ancient medicine最新文献

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Patient Function and Physician Function in the Hippocratic Cases. 希波克拉底病例中的病人功能和医生功能。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_005
Chiara Thumiger
{"title":"Patient Function and Physician Function in the Hippocratic Cases.","authors":"Chiara Thumiger","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the patient cases of the Epidemics as testimonies to the interaction between the physician and the patient. My corpus of reference is the patient cases in fifth- and early fourth-century medical texts, mostly the more elaborated examples offered by Epidemics 1 and 3. A patient case collects information from various sources: the patient's observable behavior and state; his or her account of her disease, its history and the patient's lifestyle; the contribution given by relatives and friends; and, of course, the physician with his judgment, his agenda, his terminology and didactic aims. What remains elusive and hidden is the viewpoint of the patient and his personal experience within, or under the authoritative report compiled by the physician. In this chapter, I survey key stylistic features of these reports, which I see as significant to the reconstruction of the point of view of the ill in his or her encounter with the doctor. My main aim is to extract from these texts as much as possible information about the experience of suffering and patienthood in antiquity. In my analysis I look at the text not only, and not primarily as a definitive pronouncement stemming from the physician's legislating mind, and from the material author's 'pen', nor observations from by-standers and helpers in the sick room, nor even as the plaintive cries from suffering patient, but as a composition in which all the principal actors in the drama of a sickness must contribute.","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"107-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Case History as Minority Report in the Hippocratic Epidemics 1. 病例史作为希波克拉底流行病的少数派报告
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_006
J. Z. Wee
{"title":"Case History as Minority Report in the Hippocratic Epidemics 1.","authors":"J. Z. Wee","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_006","url":null,"abstract":"Instead of being self-evident depictions of sickness, ancient medical texts were narratives created from certain points of view and for intended purposes. As a guide for the physician travelling to an unfamiliar community of people, the treatise Airs, Waters, Places anticipated \"communal\" conditions resulting from seasonal changes, while admitting the possibility of \"personal\" sickness due to individual lifestyles. Even with its geographical situatedness, Epidemics 1 continued to prioritise population narratives, subsuming sickness within the experiences of the anonymous majority whenever possible. In both its constitutions and case histories, however, patients whose conditions deviated from majority expectations were identified for forensic purposes, so that case histories functioned as minority reports rather than exemplars of how sickness behaved. Such reports guarded against surprising deviations from the rules of prognosis, which could present a threat to the physician's credibility and livelihood as a consequence.","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"138-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Voice Pathologies and the 'Hippocratic Triangle'. 语音病理学和“希波克拉底三角”。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_007
Colin Webster
{"title":"Voice Pathologies and the 'Hippocratic Triangle'.","authors":"Colin Webster","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_007","url":null,"abstract":"Hippocratic authors frequently utilise silence, babbling, lisping and otherverbal signs to diagnose a variety of physical illnesses and predict theircourse. This chapter examines these 'voice pathologies' and evaluatestheir impact on the dialogue between patients and Hippocratic physicians. In short, Hippocratic authors treat patients' voices in two dissonant ways. On the one hand, physicians promote some form of discourse,implicitly relying on patients to report internal sensations resulting fromillnesses. On the other hand, they develop extensive techniques to diminish and downplay this reliance. As a result, Hippocratic authors treatpatients' mouths not so much as the loci of potential subjective expression, but as orifices secreting verbal discharges. They weaken the distinction between the (sonic) effluvia of the mouth and those of other bodilyoutlets, thus bringing verbal output into close conceptual proximity withother types of discharge. Words come to be scrutinised for their quantity,quality and consistency as though they were quasi-excreta of the mouth. (see text). Announce what has happened, discern what is happening and foretellwhat will happen; attend to these things. Practice two things concerningdiseases: help or do no harm. The art consists of three parts: the disease,the diseased and the physician; the physician is the servant of the art; thediseased fights against the disease with the physician (Hipp., Epid.1.5L. 2.634.6-636.4 = Kiülewein 189,24-190, 6).","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"166-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
8 Perceiving the Coherence of the Perceiving Body: Is There Such a Thing as a ‘Hippocratic’ View on Sense Perception and Cognition? 感知身体的连贯性:是否存在一种“希波克拉底”的感官知觉和认知观?
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004307407_010
R. L. Presti
{"title":"8 Perceiving the Coherence of the Perceiving Body: Is There Such a Thing as a ‘Hippocratic’ View on Sense Perception and Cognition?","authors":"R. L. Presti","doi":"10.1163/9789004307407_010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004307407_010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"163-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64526180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
"It may not cure you, it may not save your life, but it will help you". "它也许不能治愈你,也许不能挽救你的生命,但它会帮助你"。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01
Katherine D van Schaik
{"title":"\"It may not cure you, it may not save your life, but it will help you\".","authors":"Katherine D van Schaik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the modern world, we are experiencing an epidemiological shift represented by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases relative to that of acute diseases: more people are living longer, with more diseases, than ever before in human history. How are we to understand and to respond to this change? A study of provision of cancer treatment in Western Australia, especially among Indigenous populations, can illuminate ways in which healthcare providers and societies might better understand the treatment of chronic disease: healthcare providers should take care to appreciate patient perspectives and beliefs about disease aetiology and treatment. Consideration of treatment of disease in the ancient Graeco-Roman world supports the view that effective healing and maintenance of patient wellbeing occurs when healers communicate clearly with their patients about disease and treatment progression, and when healers are open-minded about patients' utilisation of multiple treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 ","pages":"471-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Questioning the Patient, Questioning Hippocrates: Rufus of Ephesus and the Pursuit of Knowledge. 质疑病人,质疑希波克拉底:以弗所的鲁弗斯和对知识的追求。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_004
M. Letts
{"title":"Questioning the Patient, Questioning Hippocrates: Rufus of Ephesus and the Pursuit of Knowledge.","authors":"M. Letts","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_004","url":null,"abstract":"Rufus of Ephesus' short treatise, Quaestiones Medicinales, the only ancient medical work that takes as its topic the dialogue between doctor and patient, has usually been seen as a procedural practical handbook serving an essentially operational purpose. In this paper I argue that the treatise, with its insistent message that doctors cannot properly understand and treat illnesses unless they supplement their own knowledge by questioning patients, and its remarkable appreciation of the singularity of each patient's experience, shows itself to be no mere handbook but a work addressing the place of questioning in the clinical encounter. I illustrate some of the differences between Rufus' conceptualisation of the relevance and use of questioning and that which can be seen in the theoretical and descriptive writings of Galen and in the Hippocratic corpus, and show how apparent resonances with some of the preoccupations of modern Western healthcare can be used judiciously to elucidate the significance of those differences.","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"81-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Literary and Documentary Evidence for Lay Medical Practice in the Roman Republic and Empire. 罗马共和国和帝国的医学实践的文学和文献证据。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_019
J. Draycott
{"title":"Literary and Documentary Evidence for Lay Medical Practice in the Roman Republic and Empire.","authors":"J. Draycott","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_019","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of surviving ancient medical literature was written by medical practitioners and produced for the purpose of ensuring the effective diagnosis and treatment of their patients, suggesting an audience of medical professionals ranging from instructors to students. This has led historians to concentrate on the professional medical practitioner and their theories, methods and practices, rather than on lay medical practitioners, or even patients themselves. This chapter seeks to redress this imbalance, and examine the ancient literary and documentary evidence for lay medical theories, methods and practices in the Roman Republic and Empire in an attempt to reconstruct the experiences of lay medical practitioners and their patients. The Roman agricultural treatises of Cato, Varro and Columella, papyri and ostraca from Egypt, and tablets from Britain are investigated, and it is established that the individual's personal acquisition of knowledge and expertise, not only from medical professionals and works of medical literature, but also from family members and friends, and through trial and error, was considered fundamental to domestic medical practice.","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"432-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hippocratic and Aristophanic Recipes: A Comparative Study. 希波克拉底和阿里斯托芬食谱:比较研究。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004307407_016
L. Totelin
{"title":"Hippocratic and Aristophanic Recipes: A Comparative Study.","authors":"L. Totelin","doi":"10.1163/9789004307407_016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004307407_016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"292-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64525819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Is There a 'Hippocratic' Response to the Attack on Medicine? 对医学的攻击有“希波克拉底式”的回应吗?
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004307407_009
Joel E. Mann
{"title":"Is There a 'Hippocratic' Response to the Attack on Medicine?","authors":"Joel E. Mann","doi":"10.1163/9789004307407_009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004307407_009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"46 1","pages":"143-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64526128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patience for the Little Patient: The Infant in Soranus' Gynaecia. 对小病人的耐心:索拉纳斯妇科的婴儿。
Studies in ancient medicine Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/9789004305564_011
L. Bolton
{"title":"Patience for the Little Patient: The Infant in Soranus' Gynaecia.","authors":"L. Bolton","doi":"10.1163/9789004305564_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004305564_011","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advocating perpetual virginity and viewing childbirth as inherently injurious to female health, Soranus' attitude towards the infant in Book 2 of the Gynaecia is remarkably positive. In fact, it is only towards the infant that Soranus displays such consistently positive attitude. This compassionate approach is evident both in the content and the language employed, which is characterised by a striking occurrence of diminutives. His preference here for authorities such as Thracians and Scythians rather than illustrious ones, along with his 'language of the nursery', points to an oral, rather than literary, tradition. Soranus seems to have been the first to write so extensively on childcare; freed from the influence of any earlier tradition, he engaged in a more nuanced vision of childhood, seeing it as a 'blank slate' both physically and mentally, untouched by the faults of adulthood. While the content of Book 2 has been mined for information concerning the practicalities of child-care, it has not been evaluated in terms of its differences from the rest of the Gynaecia, which are significant.","PeriodicalId":82835,"journal":{"name":"Studies in ancient medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"265-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64524971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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