Stadion Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-74

Fabian Brändle, C. Koller

{"title":"The Swiss Connection: Football, Migration, and Kosovar Diaspora Nation-Building","authors":"Fabian Brändle, C. Koller","doi":"10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-74","url":null,"abstract":"Departing from the “double-eagle affair” at the World Cup 2018, this article analyses several dimensions of the “Swiss connection” between football, migration and Kosovar diaspora nation-building in the early 21st century. After a massive influx of Kosovar refugees during the 1990s, the Kosovar community in Switzerland included around 200.000 people in the early 21st century. Some of them founded migrant football clubs, and a number of players with Kosovar roots even pursued international careers as professionals. Two of them, Granit Xhaka and Xherdan Shaqiri, caused quite a stir when celebrating their goals as Swiss national players against Serbia at the 2018 World Cup with the hand gesture of the Albanian double-eagle. Yet, the Kosovar “Swiss connection” in football has several other dimensions: The admission of Kosovo to FIFA and UEFA wasn’t only supported by the Swiss Football Association (and indirectly by the Swiss government’s favourable stance regarding Kosovar independence), but even more so by Swiss national players with Kosovar roots. The newly established national team of Kosovo profited from players brought up in Switzerland as well as a Swiss coach, whilst on the other hand several key players of the Swiss national team of the early 21st century were of Kosovar extraction. This, together with the good performance of immigrant teams such as FC Kosova Zurich helped to change the hitherto rather negative image of Kosovar migrants in Swiss society, whilst at the same time initiating processes of self-reflection about Switzerland’s quality as a multicultural immigrant society.","PeriodicalId":82798,"journal":{"name":"Stadion","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84270082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entangled: World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine, Governor General Hans Frank, and the National Socialist Regime 纠缠:世界象棋冠军亚历山大·阿列克谢，总督汉斯·弗兰克和国家社会主义政权

Stadion Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-22

C. Rohrer

{"title":"Entangled: World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine, Governor General Hans Frank, and the National Socialist Regime","authors":"C. Rohrer","doi":"10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2022-1-22","url":null,"abstract":"Whether or not world chess champion Alexander Alekhine was a “Nazi” is a question that the international chess community has been asking for decades. Beyond a series of anti-Semitic articles, however, little was known about his actions and behaviour during the Second World War, and the available information has been pieced together in a disjointed and incomprehensible way. The following article demonstrates that existing information and new sources combine to form a coherent narrative when Alekhine’s actions and behaviour are understood as a dual strategy by which he sought to regain his nearly ideal life before the outbreak of the Second World War. Indeed, his life in safety among the upper echelon of society as a recognised world chess champion was at stake. Alekhine saw an initial way out by pursuing a world championship match against José Raúl Capablanca and emigration to South America; he followed another avenue by approaching the National Socialist regime. Starting in March 1941, he chose to pursue both paths in parallel and in public view. Shortly after Capablanca’s death in March 1942, Alekhine entered into a contractual relationship with the Institute for German Eastern Work (Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit, IDO) in Krakow, thanks to intervention on the part of Governor General (Generalgouverneur) Hans Frank himself. Until the fall of 1943, Alekhine essentially remained a playing chess master in the service of the Greater German Chess Federation (Großdeutscher Schachbund, GSB), which in turn was a compliant tool of the National Socialist regime. By promoting anti-Semitic propaganda in line with the regime’s position, Alekhine clearly crossed the line between chess and politics time and again.","PeriodicalId":82798,"journal":{"name":"Stadion","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86209415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Besucher aus der DDR bei den Olympischen Spielen 1972 in München 1972年慕尼黑奥林匹克运动会的来访者

Stadion Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2022-2-259

Karsten Lippmann

{"title":"Besucher aus der DDR bei den Olympischen Spielen 1972 in München","authors":"Karsten Lippmann","doi":"10.5771/0172-4029-2022-2-259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2022-2-259","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the possibility to watch the Olympic Games on TV, millions of people want to attend the Games live on site. Experience shows that this desire increases when the Games are held within the vicinity of where you reside. This was also the case in 1972 in Munich. However, the inner German division led to a particular situation: People in the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR) often only lived a few hundred kilometres from the venue of the Games. They spoke the language of the hosts, and many loved sports. The hosts repeatedly indicated how welcome the guests were, particularly those from the “other Germany”. Yet, here was a substantial political issue: Germany had been separated since 1949, and the division was cemented in 1961. The GDR citizens were hardly able to enter the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD). The GDR’s ruling party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED) opted for dissociation, which means that, according to their doctrine, there should be “no special relationships”. – Since the beginning of the New Eastern Policy (Neue Ostpolitik) in Bonn, the relationships should not be inferior either. Thus, the GDR was, so to speak, compelled to send tourists to the Munich Games, although the GDR leaders enormously struggled with that decision. The study describes the process leading to two groups of 1,000 GDR citizens being hand-picked and representing their state at the Games. Furthermore, it depicts the misunderstandings between the two sides during the negotiations and how the delegation was prepared and monitored. It also describes the objectives of both sides connected to the sending and receiving of the visitors. In all of that, including the haggling over a few dozen tickets for a volleyball match, it becomes apparent that not only the Olympic competitions can be of extreme political importance but also Olympic tourism.","PeriodicalId":82798,"journal":{"name":"Stadion","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82992172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zwischen Erinnerung und Verständigung: Der Racing Club de Strasbourg und die Wiederaufnahme der deutsch-französischen Fußballbeziehungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg 在记忆和理解之间，法兰西足球俱乐部

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-32

Philipp Didion

{"title":"Zwischen Erinnerung und Verständigung: Der Racing Club de Strasbourg und die Wiederaufnahme der deutsch-französischen Fußballbeziehungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg","authors":"Philipp Didion","doi":"10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-32","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyse the role of the Alsatian football club Racing Club de Strasbourg throughout the re-establishment process of the French-German football relations after the Second World War. Because of its geographical location between France and Germany and due to the double annexation of the Alsace by the German Reich the club held a special position in the French football landscape. To examine the difficulties and conflicts that came along with the attempt to restore international sport relations between West Germany and France, the paper focuses on three aspects: German prisoners of war in France, efforts to organise football games between French and German top-level-clubs, and the re-establishment of international matches between the two countries. As a result, Racing’s attitude can be situated in a field of tension between hurtful wartime experiences on the one hand and sporting as well as financial benefits on the other hand. While the former was an argument held against an over-hasty spirit of understanding between the French and the German teams especially by the Alsatian Football Association, the latter were a reason for Racing to intensify its pragmatical efforts to re-establish sport relations with West German clubs. This ambivalence is further exemplified by the dualism between Aimé Gissy, secretary general of the Alsatian Football Association (1935-1939, 1945-1974), and Willy Scheuer, president of Racing Club de Strasbourg (1952-1960).","PeriodicalId":82798,"journal":{"name":"Stadion","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85486370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games 南非，种族隔离和奥运会

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-116

Jan Hangebrauck

引用次数: 0

The Organization of Football in Cyprus: History and Politics 塞浦路斯足球组织:历史和政治

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-55

N. Lekakis, Dimitris Gargalianos

{"title":"The Organization of Football in Cyprus: History and Politics","authors":"N. Lekakis, Dimitris Gargalianos","doi":"10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-55","url":null,"abstract":"This paper employs the history and politics of football looking at discussions about Cyprus’ national identity, the relationship between the Greek-Cypriot state and its self-declared Turkish-Cypriot counterpart, and the possibility of reunification. It explores these issues from both sides of the divide, something rarely undertaken in Cyprus, and within a wider European perspective, by comparing it briefly with the modern football histories of Ireland, Spain and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Football and its inherent developments reflect not only the political rivalries in the world of Greek-Cypriot football, but also the encounters between Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots. The history of Cypriot football has no similar precedent in the selected European space. In Ireland, the peace process has not ended historic civil society divisions, while football agents with opposing political ideologies across the Greek and Turkish divide in Cyprus have been able to overcome their differences, political elites on one side of the border have prevented unification. In Spain’s Catalonia, while the football-fed movement for independence, yet to materialize, remains subject to approval by Spain’s institutions, the independence of the de facto Turkish-Cypriot state would require the approval of the governments of the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, and Britain. Finally, while FIFA and UEFA have successfully dictated the terms for the final admission of Bosnia & Herzegovina’s football Federation into their membership, they have failed to repeat this achievement in the Cypriot case.","PeriodicalId":82798,"journal":{"name":"Stadion","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78348254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Die vergessenen Winterolympiaden des Arbeitersports 被遗忘的工人运动冬季奥运会

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-2-266

Berno Bahro, H. Teichler

引用次数: 0

Ein Londoner Möbelfabrikant und das erste Hamburger Tennisturnier 伦敦的一个家具制造商第一次打网球

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-1-138

Heiner Gillmeister

引用次数: 0

Die politische Bedeutung der Gladiatur in der späten Römischen Republik und im Prinzipat 罗马共和国晚期和公国角斗场的政治意义

Stadion Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0172-4029-2021-2-189

Andreas Luh