South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games

Jan Hangebrauck
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Abstract

South Africa was part of the Olympic Movement for more than two decades after apartheid had been officially introduced in 1948. In 1964 South Africa was excluded from the sporting event for the first time, and in 1970 it was formally expelled from the Olympic Movement. It had to wait until 1992 for its return when South Africa participated in the Olympic Games in Barcelona and won two medals. In the first part, this article describes South Africa’s development to exclusion and then back to its return by examining reasons for the late expulsion from, and re-entry to, the Olympic family. The next part looks at reactions of the governments and national sports federations (NFs) of Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to South Africa’s exclusion and its return against the backdrop of the Cold War. This paper further analyses the general attitudes of those actors towards apartheid (in sports). The conclusion points out the implications of South Africa’s sporting isolation and additional research gaps.
南非,种族隔离和奥运会
在1948年南非正式实行种族隔离制度后的20多年里,南非一直是奥林匹克运动的一部分。1964年,南非第一次被排除在体育赛事之外,1970年,南非被正式逐出奥林匹克运动。直到1992年南非参加巴塞罗那奥运会并获得两枚奖牌后,它才回归。在第一部分中,本文通过考察南非后来被奥林匹克大家庭驱逐和重新进入奥林匹克大家庭的原因,描述了南非从被排斥到重新回归的发展过程。下一部分着眼于英国、德意志联邦共和国(FRG)和德意志民主共和国(GDR)政府和国家体育联合会(NFs)对南非被排除在外及其在冷战背景下回归的反应。本文进一步分析了这些演员对(体育)种族隔离的一般态度。结论指出了南非体育孤立和其他研究空白的影响。
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