Applied Ocean Research最新文献_第5页

A pole–residue method for computing the transient hydroelastic responses of VLFSs

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104483

Chongyang Sun , Jinwei Sun , Sau-Lon James Hu

{"title":"A pole–residue method for computing the transient hydroelastic responses of VLFSs","authors":"Chongyang Sun , Jinwei Sun , Sau-Lon James Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional methods for computing hydroelastic responses in very large floating structures (VLFSs) typically involve either frequency domain or time domain approaches. While frequency domain methods are constrained to steady-state responses, time domain methods are generally less efficient. This paper introduces an innovative Laplace domain pole–residue approach to calculate the hydroelastic transient response of a VLFS, incorporating hydroelasticity through a discrete-module-beam-bending model. To implement the proposed method, frequency domain data must first be obtained using a standard hydrodynamic package. Additionally, the method requires expressing both external loadings and system transfer functions in a pole–residue form. Subsequently, the pole–residue form of the response is derived through straightforward pole–residue operations. Once the poles and residues of the response are identified, the response time history can be readily determined. This study specifically concentrates on computing the transient hydroelastic response of a VLFS in calm water conditions subjected to highly irregular loading. In the numerical study, the VLFS is modeled as a continuous shallow-draft flexible box, divided into 8 submodules connected by 7 beams. Frequency-dependent hydrodynamic parameters are calculated by the commercial software SESAM. The heave responses of the first and second submodules under an impact loading are investigated and compared with those obtained by a time-domain method. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed pole–residue method surpasses traditional time-domain methods in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on the axial static and cyclic response of a single pile in medium-dense sands

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104493

Pan Zhou , Feng Dai , Ben He , Yi Liu , Shanghui Yang , Mingdong Wei

{"title":"Experimental investigation on the axial static and cyclic response of a single pile in medium-dense sands","authors":"Pan Zhou , Feng Dai , Ben He , Yi Liu , Shanghui Yang , Mingdong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic loads induced by environmental factors such as wind, waves, and currents can lead to degradation in pile performance, affecting settlement accumulation and bearing capacity evolution. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation through model tests focusing on a single pile subjected to static and cyclic loading in medium-dense sands. The influence of installation method, diameter, cyclic load amplitude, and loading frequency on pile response was explored, particularly emphasizing the accumulation pattern of pile head settlement and the evolving laws governing pile shaft and end resistance. The findings illustrate that the radial stress at the pile shaft 400 mm away from the pile end increases to 3.27 times its initial stress after pile jacking. As pile diameter increases, the accumulative settlement rate decreases, highlighting the soil-squeezing effect on cyclic stability. Small cyclic loads gradually densify soil around the pile end, increasing pile end resistance, while larger cyclic loads rapidly reduce both pile end and shaft resistance. Under high-amplitude, low-frequency cyclic loading, the load-settlement hysteresis characteristics of model piles intensify, with the hysteresis loops moving more rapidly in the deformation direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Calculation model for lateral response of piles considering the characteristics of sand convection under asymmetric cyclic loading

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104491

Fanhuan Zeng, Chong Jiang

{"title":"Calculation model for lateral response of piles considering the characteristics of sand convection under asymmetric cyclic loading","authors":"Fanhuan Zeng, Chong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pile foundations supporting wind turbines and offshore platforms are always subjected to asymmetric lateral cyclic loads from wind and waves. To calculate the lateral response of the pile in sand under asymmetric cyclic loading, this paper proposes a <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> curve model to deal with different levels of load reversal. According to the state of the soil around the pile under asymmetric cyclic loading, the scaling factor of the reloading curve is modified. The soil collapse-recompression model is also extended to apply to different cases of asymmetric cyclic loading according to the characteristics of soil convection during asymmetric cyclic loading. By modifying the shape and position of the <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> curves to different degrees, the lateral response of the pile under asymmetric cyclic loading can be obtained in combination with the improved finite difference method. The validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by comparing the results with the centrifuge model tests. Then, the pile displacement accumulation, the variation of the bending moment, and the soil resistance under asymmetric cyclic loading, are further discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigations on the development of hybrid mound breakwaters for tsunami defense

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104489

Manu K Sajan, Babloo Chaudhary, Akarsh P K, Babita Sah

{"title":"Investigations on the development of hybrid mound breakwaters for tsunami defense","authors":"Manu K Sajan, Babloo Chaudhary, Akarsh P K, Babita Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tsunamis significantly damage coastal infrastructure and lives, resulting in extensive economic implications. Despite the global adoption of breakwaters as a primary coastal defence measure, it was observed that the structural integrity of several of these breakwaters was compromised during past tsunamis. The present study addresses these vulnerabilities of breakwaters by particularly focusing on the most commonly adopted rubble mound type breakwater. Further, this study introduces a novel technique in order to enhance the reliability of these structures by mitigating the tsunami induced failure mechanisms. In the novel technique, wrap-faced geogrids are implemented to reinforce the rubble mound without compromising the breakwater functionality in dissipating the incident wave energy through transmission. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out, including tsunami overflow tests, analytical assessments, and numerical simulations, to ascertain the effectiveness of the novel hybrid mound breakwater. The findings indicate that the developed hybrid mound breakwater withstood level 1 tsunamis with a 96.7 % reduction in settlement. One of the critical failure mechanism of breakwaters observed during past tsunamis was due to the seepage induced scouring of the foundation. The hybrid mound breakwater showcased a 42.37 % reduction in the foundation pore water pressure during tsunami by incorporating cut off walls. The numerical simulations also reconfirmed the enhanced performance of hybrid mound breakwater to protect the coasts from future tsunamis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rainbow reflection of linear long waves excited by a finite graded array of trapezoidal bars

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104472

Jian-Jian Xie , Qing Ye , Huan-Wen Liu

{"title":"Rainbow reflection of linear long waves excited by a finite graded array of trapezoidal bars","authors":"Jian-Jian Xie , Qing Ye , Huan-Wen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the Bragg reflection and rainbow reflection/trapping of linear long (or shallow-water) waves excited by a finite array of trapezoidal bars are studied from the perspective of Bloch band theory. Firstly, a closed-form solution of the reflection coefficient for wave propagation over a finite non-uniform array of trapezoidal bars is derived. Secondly, the relation between Bloch band gaps modulated by an infinite uniform array of trapezoidal bars and the Bragg reflection excited by the cognate finite array is investigated. It is revealed for the first time that there is a strong positive correlation between the width of the <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>th order Bloch band gap and the intensity of the <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>th order Bragg resonance. Thirdly, the rainbow reflection of linear long waves excited by a finite graded array of trapezoidal bars is studied, and the arrangement of bar spacing for rainbow reflection over a broad and continuous bandwidth is proposed. In addition, the strength of rainbow reflection can be enhanced by increasing the number of bars and the filling fraction of bars. Finally, for a target frequency range that needs to be blocked in practical applications, the Bloch band structures could be applied to guide the layout of bars for rainbow reflection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of oil spill cleanup strategy on the transport and fate of oil spilled in the Penglai 19–3 oil spill accident

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104484

Lei Qin , Zhixuan Luo , Daosheng Wang , Lin Mu

{"title":"Effects of oil spill cleanup strategy on the transport and fate of oil spilled in the Penglai 19–3 oil spill accident","authors":"Lei Qin , Zhixuan Luo , Daosheng Wang , Lin Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oil spills can result in significant economic loss, environmental contamination, and hazards to human safety. Although oil spill cleanup efforts are crucial for mitigating these impacts, the quantitative effectiveness of such strategies remains uncertain. This study utilised a three-dimensional underwater oil spill model to assess the impact of cleanup strategies on the transport and fate of oil spilled during the Penglai 19–3 oil spill accident. The wind drift coefficient was calibrated to an optimal value of 0.6 % using satellite remote-sensing data to track oil slicks on the sea surface, and the simulation start time of the accident was determined. The validated model was then used to simulate the Penglai 19–3 oil spill. Sensitivity experiments revealed that delaying the removal of a fixed area of surface oil resulted in an average increase of 6.88 % (0.96 %) in the final oil spill polluted volume (polluted area on the sea surface). Furthermore, cleaning up the entire surface oil a day earlier improved the cleanup efficiency by an average of 52.83 % (48.25 %) in terms of the final oil spill polluted volume (polluted area on the sea surface). The study has provided a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of oil spill cleanup strategies and emphasised the importance of rapid emergency response to oil spills. It would provide guidance for offshore cleanup operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104484"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An isomorphic Froude scaling approach to bulbous-bottomed buoys in wave energy converters for smart floating cities

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104485

Ammar Ahmed , Ali Azam , Zutao Zhang , Minyi Yi , Touqeer Aslam , Shoukat Ali Mugheri , Daning Hao , Mansour Abdelrahman , Alaeldin M. Tairab

{"title":"An isomorphic Froude scaling approach to bulbous-bottomed buoys in wave energy converters for smart floating cities","authors":"Ammar Ahmed , Ali Azam , Zutao Zhang , Minyi Yi , Touqeer Aslam , Shoukat Ali Mugheri , Daning Hao , Mansour Abdelrahman , Alaeldin M. Tairab","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Testing full-scale point absorber buoys with enhanced power absorption is challenging and crucial to improving their viability for applications in smart floating cities and marine infrastructure. Bulbous-bottomed (BB) buoys are efficient in hydrodynamics and power absorption for point absorber wave energy converters (PA-WEC). Their experimental validation demands adaptable scaling algorithms to facilitate model-scale tests. This study utilizes a state-of-the-art theoretical algorithm by combining Froude scaling with an isomorphic buoy design approach, facilitating model-scale tests to investigate whether the BB buoys would equally be efficient compared to the reference hemispherical-bottomed (C<img>HS) buoy when deployed and tested experimentally under identical conditions. Additively manufactured scaled buoy models were tested in a laboratory-scale wave flume in both regular waves (inside and outside resonance) and irregular waves, followed by a similarity analysis for performance prediction on the prototype scale. A feasibility study was also established to justify the BB buoy application in real-time PA-WECs. The BB buoys outperformed the C<img>HS buoys within and without resonance in regular and irregular waves, justifying that they can replace them for good. Under the same deployment and test settings, the model-scale BB buoy exhibited a 20<span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>27 % greater heave motion than the reference without resonance. A full-scale BB buoy could absorb significantly greater wave power than the reference. The case study showed that a C<img>HS-to-BB transition resulted in a 35 % rise in the capture width ratio of a WEC. The WEC, combined with a 5G-IoT and LSTM network, could facilitate self-powered and self-sensing marine applications in a smart floating city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study of primary- and higher-mode resonant sloshing in a horizontally excited square-base tank

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104482

Dongxi Liu , Qiyang Cai , Yiran Li , Yudi He , Jin Wang

{"title":"Experimental study of primary- and higher-mode resonant sloshing in a horizontally excited square-base tank","authors":"Dongxi Liu , Qiyang Cai , Yiran Li , Yudi He , Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally investigates primary- and higher-mode resonant sloshing induced by horizontal excitations in a square-base tank with finite depth. Due to the equal length and width of the three-dimensional rectangular tank, two predominant sloshing modes (the transverse mode and longitudinal mode) emerge simultaneously, even when the tank is subjected to unidirectional external excitation. Consequently, direct excitation of one mode leads to indirect excitation of the other through nonlinear coupling, a complex phenomenon known as autoparametric interaction. This phenomenon is widely observed in (<em>i, j</em>) sloshing modes, where <em>i</em> ≠ <em>j</em>. However, the coupling of autoparametric interaction is stable only in the lowest mode, higher modes are found to be unstable. The experiment also reveals that when the natural frequencies of two modes are very close, applying external excitation at one natural frequency causes a shift in the dominant frequency towards the natural frequency of the other mode. In summary, the findings of this study highlight that liquid sloshing in a square-base tank involves more complex physics compared to sloshing in a two-dimensional rectangular tank.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wave basin testing of hydrodynamic interactions in centralized controlled wave energy converter arrays for irregular short- and long-crested waves

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104467

Timothy Vervaet , Laurens Cromheeke , Nicolas Quartier, Maximilian Streicher, Vasiliki Stratigaki, Peter Troch

{"title":"Wave basin testing of hydrodynamic interactions in centralized controlled wave energy converter arrays for irregular short- and long-crested waves","authors":"Timothy Vervaet , Laurens Cromheeke , Nicolas Quartier, Maximilian Streicher, Vasiliki Stratigaki, Peter Troch","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To increase the total installed capacity, multiple wave energy converters (WECs) will be installed in an array configuration. Within these WEC arrays, hydrodynamic interactions occur and the sea state is modified accordingly. These WECs are equipped with a Power Take-Off (PTO) which converts the kinetic energy of the waves to mechanical energy. An optimal PTO can be obtained by setting the PTO control impedance equal to the complex conjugate of the intrinsic impedance of the WEC. Within a WEC array constituting of <em>n</em> closely spaced WECs, where hydrodynamic interactions between the WECs occur through radiation and diffraction of waves, the <em>n x n</em> PTO control impedance matrix should be equal to the complex conjugate of the <em>n x n</em> intrinsic impedance matrix. This paper discusses the incremental experimental modelling of five ‘WECfarm’ WECs: Modelling of the five isolated WECs, a two-WEC array, a three-WEC array, a four-WEC array, and a five-WEC array. System identification (SID) tests are performed to obtain an accurate dynamic model of the isolated WECs and the WEC arrays. Based on this model, causal impedance matching Proportional (P) controllers are designed, and tested for a selection of irregular long- and short-crested waves. This paper presents the dataset and results of the experimental campaign performed at the Coastal & Ocean Basin Ostend (COB), Belgium. With high measurement accuracy and repeatability, the presented dataset is reliable, while by considering controlled WECs, and operational and extreme wave conditions, it is realistic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explainable AI for ship collision avoidance: Decoding decision-making processes and behavioral intentions

IF 4.3 2区工程技术

Applied Ocean Research Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104471

Hitoshi Yoshioka, Hirotada Hashimoto

{"title":"Explainable AI for ship collision avoidance: Decoding decision-making processes and behavioral intentions","authors":"Hitoshi Yoshioka, Hirotada Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most ship collision accidents are attributed to human errors. Autonomous navigation technology is heralded as a potential solution to mitigate human error-related collisions. Recent advancements have enabled the application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in developing autonomous navigation artificial intelligence (AI). However, the decision-making process of AI is not transparent, and its potential for misjudgment could lead to severe accidents. Consequently, the explainability of DRL-based AI emerges as a critical hurdle in deploying autonomous collision avoidance systems. This study developed an explainable AI for ship collision avoidance. Initially, a critic network composed of sub-task critic networks was proposed to individually evaluate each sub-task to clarify the AI decision-making processes in collision avoidance. Additionally, an attempt was made to discern behavioral intentions through a Q-value analysis and an Attention mechanism. The former focused on interpreting intentions by examining the increment of the Q-value resulting from AI actions, while the latter incorporated the significance of other ships in the decision-making process for collision avoidance into the learning objective. AI's behavioral intentions in collision avoidance were visualized by combining the perceived increment of Q-value with the degree of attention to other ships. The proposed method was evaluated through a numerical experiment. The developed AI was confirmed to be able to safely avoid collisions under various congestion levels, and the decision-making process and behavioral intention of AI for collision avoidance were rendered comprehensible to humans. It is comprehensible to seafarers onboard and could contribute to the future practical implementation of autonomous navigation AI systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0