Applied Ocean Research最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Definitions and characteristics of loading patterns on single and shared marine anchors for floating offshore wind turbines” [Applied Ocean Research, Volume 168, March 2026, 104980]","authors":"D.J. White, B. Cerfontaine, A. Rashidi Mehrabadi, S. Gourvenec","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.105058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomous oil spill response through liquid neural trajectory modeling and coordinated marine robotics","authors":"Hadas C. Kuzmenko,&nbsp;David Ehevich,&nbsp;Oren Gal","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine oil spills pose grave environmental and economic risks, threatening marine ecosystems, coastlines, and dependent industries. Predicting and managing oil spill trajectories is highly complex, due to the interplay of physical, chemical, and environmental factors such as wind, currents, and temperature, which makes timely and effective response challenging. Accurate real-time trajectory forecasting and coordinated mitigation are vital for minimizing the impact of these disasters. This study introduces an integrated framework combining Liquid Time-Constant Networks (LTCNs) with multi-agent swarm robotics for real-time oil spill trajectory prediction and coordinated response. Our approach implements three complementary LTC solver variants optimized for different operational scenarios: RK4 for critical emergency response, Explicit for operational monitoring, and Euler for large-scale surveillance. The framework is validated using Deepwater Horizon satellite observations under moderate sea state conditions where Loop Current advection and wind forcing dominated transport. Results demonstrate superior spatial prediction accuracy (IoU 0.82-0.84), significantly surpassing Transformer (0.71) and LSTM (0.68) baselines. Crucially, the LTC model maintains realistic irregular boundary geometries (64+ vertices, complexity ratios 0.89-0.96) compared to oversimplified baseline predictions (5-12 vertices, complexity 0.48-0.61) that exhibit unrealistic circular approximations. The framework’s integration with MOOS-IvP enables autonomous fleet coordination, demonstrating scalable, fault-tolerant response capabilities. This work advances physics-based environmental prediction while providing operational flexibility through solver-specific deployment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104981"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the application of a time exponential integrator to fully nonlinear numerical wave tanks for engineering applications","authors":"Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examines pseudospectral method-based theoretical frameworks for developing Numerical Wave Tanks (NWTs) which predict the spatiotemporal evolution of surface gravity–capillary waves. A special focus is on the numerical implementation. The frameworks are mathematically formulated by generalized and coupled parametric Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). Based on the PDEs, the matrix exponential are newly derived, permitting to explore the method of exponential integrator in developing NWTs using the theoretical frameworks which are reviewed in this work. An envelope-based theoretical framework is particularly newly derived, accurate to the third order in wave steepness. The resulting matrix exponential is validated through applying it in two different theoretical frameworks which are accurate to the first and second order in wave steepness. The exponential integrator method in predicting the phase-resolved evolving waves has a semi-analytical feature since it admits an analytical expression for linear waves propagation and developing approximate approaches for the evolution of nonlinear waves with quantified numerical errors. Hence, it permits a significantly improved numerical accuracy and thereby a wide applicability in engineering applications and physical systems with similar features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation into the roll damping characteristics of the intact and damaged ship in still water and ice floes","authors":"XinLong Zhang ,&nbsp;ZhuoYuan Li ,&nbsp;Simone Mancini ,&nbsp;QingYi Qu ,&nbsp;RenQing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ships face potential risks of damage from navigation environments and human factors. The multiphase flow of ship-water-ice particularly increases the difficulty of evaluating the roll damping characteristics of a damaged ship in ice floes. To better analyze effects brought by different factors, five test scenarios with initial heeling angle of 6.0, 13.0 and 21.0 deg are performed in this paper, including the intact ship and damaged ship in the still water and ice floes. Experimental results indicate that regardless of the intact ship or the damaged ship, effects of ice floes on the roll damping of the ship can be ignored. However, effects of flooding water and the ventilation level of the flooded compartments must be considered. Especially for the flooding water, the nonlinear damping coefficients of the damaged ship are increased by approximately one order of magnitude compared to the intact ship. In general, the test results can not only be used for the current qualitative analysis of roll damping but also serve as benchmarking data for future verification of numerical reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definitions and characteristics of loading patterns on single and shared marine anchors for floating offshore wind turbines","authors":"D.J. White,&nbsp;B. Cerfontaine,&nbsp;A. Rashidi Mehrabadi,&nbsp;S. Gourvenec","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of floating offshore wind has prompted new attention on the behaviour of anchors, including the concept of anchor sharing among multiple mooring lines. A critical design interface is between the mooring line loads and the geotechnical design. Typically ten to a hundred design loading conditions must be rationalised into the critical contributions that govern the geotechnical response of the anchor.</div><div>This paper provides a framework to bridge between the mooring system analysis and the geotechnical design. Firstly, a methodology to translate a general time history of anchor loading into a characteristic ‘fingerprint’ is set out. This fingerprint has three components – (i) a ‘heatmap’ defining the normalised distribution of the cyclic loading across the three spherical dimensions of the resultant load, (ii) a vector of the relative cyclic frequency in these directions, and (iii) two scalar quantities required to unpack these normalised parameters to recover the original time series characteristics.</div><div>Secondly, measures of similarity are defined, that allow two fingerprints to be quantitatively compared. This provides a new measure to compare the idealised patterns of loading used in model testing, field testing or laboratory element tests with the more complex patterns that are found in real data of anchor loading or from numerical simulations of floating systems. The framework is illustrated by demonstrating the varying similarity evident between example mooring line loads and the common loading patterns applied in geotechnical testing.</div><div>In summary, this new framework allows anchor loading histories to be distilled into simple fingerprints and similarity measures, providing to tool to accelerate identification of critical design cases and allow more efficient idealisation for geotechnical modelling and design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104980"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flapping-foil energy harvesters: Principles, performance, and prospects","authors":"Maqusud Alam ,&nbsp;Bubryur Kim ,&nbsp;Farzeen Shahid","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flapping-foil energy harvesters (FFEHs) are garnering attention as a promising alternative to conventional rotary turbines. This comprehensive review synthesises four decades of research, highlighting that power extraction is primarily governed by vortex dynamics (leading-edge-vortex formation and wake capture), which are influenced by the foil’s kinematics, geometry, flexibility and control. The reported peak hydrodynamic efficiencies are substantial: ≈40% for prescribed-motion systems, exceeding 50% for flexible or actively cambered foils. Efficiencies can be further enhanced using multi-foil arrays, ducted configurations, and tandem layouts, reaching up to 64%. However, most existing studies remain confined to two-dimensional or low-Reynolds-number regimes, limiting confidence in scaling these results for real-world deployment. Key challenges remain in stabilising complex three-dimensional wakes, developing practical power-take-off systems, and ensuring robust control in turbulent and shear flow conditions. Emerging strategies such as machine-learning-assisted optimisation, reinforcement-learning controllers, and hybrid activation concepts are also promising. Ultimately, advances in high-Reynolds-number fluid–structure interaction and data-driven control will be crucial in transitioning FFEH technology from laboratory prototypes to reliable, commercially viable renewable-energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ship trajectory prediction method based on heterogeneous spatiotemporal graph neural networks","authors":"Yanyun Yu ,&nbsp;Zelin Song ,&nbsp;Hongshuo Zhang ,&nbsp;Dechen Liu ,&nbsp;Lixing Li ,&nbsp;Bin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid growth of maritime transportation, ensuring navigational safety has become increasingly important. Accurate trajectory prediction is vital in understanding ships' future intentions and supporting safe navigation. In recent years, many researchers have explored ship-to-ship interactions to improve prediction accuracy. However, real-world maritime interactions are often complex and diverse. We propose a ship Trajectory Prediction Model Based on a Heterogeneous Spatiotemporal Graph Neural Network to address this. The model effectively captures diverse social interactions among vessels by heterogeneous graph structures. A Dual-Axis Attention Aggregation (DAA) mechanism is introduced to accurately capture spatial interaction features, while the iTransformer is employed to extract long-term dependencies from trajectory sequences. We evaluate our method on three real-world AIS datasets, comparing it with several state-of-the-art baselines. Experimental results show that our model achieves the highest prediction accuracy in short-term, mid-term, and long-term scenarios while maintaining robustness, efficiency, and practicality even when predicting multi-vessel trajectories in congested and complex maritime environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating Roll Response of High-Speed Catamarans by dual demihull mounted T-Foils, Part 2: Closed-Loop Tests in Regular Waves","authors":"Ehsan Javanmard ,&nbsp;Javad A. Mehr ,&nbsp;Michael R. Davis ,&nbsp;Damien S Holloway ,&nbsp;Jason Ali-Lavroff","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building on open-loop calm water investigations presented in Part 1, this study advances to closed-loop towing tank experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of a new RCS configuration, featuring dual demihull-mounted T-Foils and transom-mounted stern tabs, in reducing roll response. A roll control algorithm was developed to actively deflect the T-Foils and stern tabs based on real-time roll response feedback. Experiments were conducted at a model speed of 2.89 m/s (37 knots full scale) in Regular Waves with height of 60 mm and 90 mm (2.7 m and 4 m full scale), using a 2.5 m catamaran model towed at a 2^° drift angle with bow to port to induce roll motion in encountered waves. The RCS was tested in three conditions: No RCS, passive RCS, and active RCS with linear and nonlinear roll control algorithms. The nonlinear roll control algorithm was most effective, reducing peak roll response by 58% in moderate waves and 43% in large waves. Overall, the new RCS mitigated roll, pitch, and heave motions in moderate waves by 58%, 34%, and 25%, respectively, demonstrating the potential of demihull-mounted T-Foils to enhance roll control while maintaining heave and pitch motion control effectiveness. Local vertical motion analysis showed the highest motion response at the bow-starboard and the lowest at the midship-port location, highlighting the influence of wave impact, drift-induced asymmetry, and combined motions. The results of this study offer valuable guidance for future RCS design in high-speed vessels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104987"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated system-level framework for inspection and cost-effective maintenance of jacket type offshore platforms using dynamic Bayesian networks","authors":"Behrouz Asgarian,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Bahman Bilandi,&nbsp;Pooya Rezadoost,&nbsp;Hossein Gholami","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a system-level framework for inspection and maintenance planning of offshore jacket structures subjected to fatigue deterioration. The framework integrates fracture mechanics–based crack growth models with Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBNs) to probabilistically update structural states as inspection information becomes available, and it employs influence diagrams with heuristic optimization to identify cost-efficient inspection and repair strategies. The approach captures both component- and system-level deterioration, accounts for inspection outcomes in real time, and evaluates life-cycle costs by jointly considering inspection, repair, and failure consequences. Results highlight that purely periodic inspections may reduce cost but risk compromising reliability, whereas hybrid strategies that combine periodic scheduling with reliability-based triggers provide a more balanced and robust outcome. The framework is computationally efficient, scalable to large jackets with many joints, and adaptable to diverse deterioration scenarios. In practice, it provides a decision-support tool for asset managers and regulators to design inspection programs that balance safety, reliability, and economic efficiency, ensuring the long-term fitness for purpose of offshore infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104979"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized time increments for stress time series in the substructure of a floating offshore wind turbine using a hybrid frequency–time domain approach","authors":"Joonmo Choung ,&nbsp;Sungjun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an efficient hybrid frequency–time domain approach to reconstruct stress time series in the substructure of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). The proposed framework combines hydrodynamic pressure response amplitude operators (RAOs) obtained from Wamit with concentrated load histories—accelerations, tower-base forces, and fairlead tensions—derived from OpenFAST. Unit stress RAOs were computed using linear static finite element analyses (FEAs) in Abaqus and linearly superposed to generate total stress histories. The hybrid approach was validated against transient dynamic FEAs through a simplified cantilever-beam model, demonstrating excellent agreement except for slight discrepancies attributed to dynamic amplification effects that are inherently captured only in transient dynamic FEAs. The proposed framework was subsequently applied to the VolturnUS-S 15 MW reference FOWT. Hydrodynamic analyses were performed in the frequency domain using Wamit, while fully coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations were conducted in the time domain using OpenFAST under two design load cases (DLC6.1 for ultimate limit state and DLC1.2 for fatigue limit state). The hybrid method successfully reconstructed stress time series in the substructure by combining the frequency-domain pressure RAOs with the time-domain load histories. A parametric study was conducted to determine an optimal time increment for stress reconstruction. Increasing the time increment for stress reconstruction significantly reduced computational time and storage requirements while moderately influencing stress accuracy. When the time increment for stress reconstruction is 0.1 s, the maximum stress deviation in the ultimate limit state was &lt;5 %, and the cumulative fatigue damage deviation in the fatigue limit state was &lt;2.3 %, compared with reference results obtained at the time increment for stress reconstruction of 0.0125 s. These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid approach can maintain sufficient accuracy while reducing computational cost and data volume by over 90 %. Future work should extend this methodology to a broader range of environmental conditions and additional DLCs to validate its general applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"168 ","pages":"Article 104961"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}