Liheng Tang , Chencong Liao , Guanlin Ye , Yuanxi Li , Diyang Zhu
{"title":"Evaluation, sampling and testing methods for offshore disturbed sands with plastic fines: A case study","authors":"Liheng Tang , Chencong Liao , Guanlin Ye , Yuanxi Li , Diyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sandy seabed, prevalent near continental shelves, often contains fines that obviously affect their apparent behaviour. The variation in the physical properties of sands and fines, the difference between seismic and marine wave loads, and the challenges in obtaining accurate geotechnical parameters and undisturbed samples for analysis make it difficult to effectively evaluate the properties of sands with plastic fines in offshore engineering. To address this issue, a method for discriminating and re-sampling sands with plastic fines is suggested, along with a case study to assess the static and dynamic behaviours of such sands from an offshore site in the South China Sea. In this study, evaluation processes for detecting the presence of fines in sands and classifying them as plastic or non-plastic are first recommended to gain a better understanding of such sands. Then, a reconstitution approach of re-sampling for disturbed sand samples from site and compactness assessment guided by the optimum moisture content, is suggested to restore their in-situ characteristics, addressing the difficulty in obtaining undisturbed sand samples. Subsequently, the failure behavior and shear strain development under cyclic loading are analyzed via a cyclic contour diagram to evaluate their mechanical properties under marine environmental loads. The obtained contour diagrams can be further integrated into the constitutive model in subsequent research and used in finite element analysis to simplify the computation for marine foundation design. These results can provide valuable insights for improving understandings and engineering practices related to sandy seabed with plastic fines in offshore environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104297"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic response of three different floating platform (OC4, BSS, GVA) using multi-segment mooring system","authors":"Atefeh Neisi , Hassan Ghassemi , Mehdi Iranmanesh","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of mooring lines for floating platforms is an essential task to guarantee structure survivability and its components under different metocean conditions. This paper focuses on the application and comparison of the MSM-BMW system across various types of semisubmersible platforms, including the OC4-DeepCwind, the braceless semi-submersible (BSS) with three catenary mooring lines, and the drilling rig GVA 4000 with eight mooring lines. The performance of the BMW mooring system for these three platforms is compared under operational and survival conditions. The hybrid mooring concept is a multi-segment mooring (MSM) arrangement of the catenary and taut, including single buoy and multi-clump weight (BMW), generally named MSM-BMW. Hydrodynamic responses and mooring forces are compared between original and hybrid systems under regular and irregular wave conditions. The dynamic response of the platform is performed utilizing both Morrison theory and three-dimensional radiation/diffraction theory based on the boundary element method (BEM) in ANSYS-AQWA software. The results show that using BMW on the three floating platforms significantly reduces platform motion at low frequencies, with minimal effect on wave-frequency resonance. However, the BMW system increases mooring force at wave frequency, while having a smaller effect at low frequencies. The effectiveness of the BMW system varies across platforms and motion types. The BSS platform shows significant improvement in surge motion, while the GVA platform has the smallest ratio in heave motion. Additionally, the BSS platform demonstrates the least response in pitch motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Xi , Zhuojia Fu , Mi-An Xue , Junpu Li , Elena Atroshchenko , Jinhai Zheng
{"title":"Numerical study of underwater acoustic radiation and propagation induced by structural vibration in ocean environments using FEM-BMSBM","authors":"Qiang Xi , Zhuojia Fu , Mi-An Xue , Junpu Li , Elena Atroshchenko , Jinhai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding underwater acoustic radiation and propagation induced by structural vibration in the ocean environment involves analyzing the interaction between the ocean acoustic field and the structure. For this reason, this paper proposes a novel hybrid scheme integrating the finite element method (FEM), singular boundary method (SBM) and Burton-Miller (BM) technique. The three-dimensional and axisymmetric calculation formulations of the hybrid scheme are presented. By leveraging the respective strengths, the FEM simulates structural free vibrations, the SBM analyzes underwater acoustics in various ocean environments, and the BM technique resolves irregular frequency issues. The accuracy and feasibility of the hybrid FEM-BMSBM are confirmed by comparisons with experimental and other numerical results. The numerical findings demonstrate that the hybrid FEM-BMSBM alleviates the high computational cost of the traditional FEM and the ill-posed problem of the wave superposition method (WSM), and successfully mitigates irregular frequency phenomena of underwater acoustic simulations in various ocean environments. Additionally, the influence of the ocean surface and sediment on the underwater sound field is studied. Numerical study shows that the reflection effects of the ocean surface and sediment cause fluctuations in the underwater sound pressure level curve, and the number of side lobes of the sound pressure level curve increases with the increase of the excitation frequency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humberto Carro , Andrés Figuero , José Sande , Alberto Alvarellos , Raquel Costas , Enrique Peña
{"title":"Estimation of moored ship motions using a combination of machine learning techniques","authors":"Humberto Carro , Andrés Figuero , José Sande , Alberto Alvarellos , Raquel Costas , Enrique Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moored ship motions can cause problems for the efficiency of the operation, and for the people and equipment involved. Therefore, being able to predict movements and anticipate possible risk situations is of great interest to operators and the port community. This work presents a methodology applying different machine learning techniques that has allowed positive results to be obtained for this objective, with particular emphasis on the highest values (outliers), which are usually associated with problematic situations. The field campaigns carried out allowed 77 different vessels to be monitored in the outer port of A Coruña (Spain). The techniques used were gradient boosting (GBM), a neural network (DNN), a quantile regression (qReg) and several models generated by stacking (GBM*). The results indicate a lower root mean square error (RMSE) with the use of the latter technique (the validation on the swell is 0.13 m, while the DNN is twice as high), and a better performance on most motions in the outlier subset than those obtained with the individual models (the validation on the outlier subset for the pitch gives an RMSE of 0.12° and 0.2 for the GBM). Finally, the results show that this methodology can be extrapolated to other ports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Underwater plasma arc cutting process of oil casing in shallow water environment","authors":"Peng Liu, Yonghong Liu, Chao Zheng, Qingxiang Wang, Zhongze Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous aging oil production facilities are currently being decommissioned. The removing and plugging of abandoned oil wellheads are important for ecological protection. Plasma-arc cutting is highly efficient for the removal of steel structures and is expected to play a significant role in oil casing removal. This study experimentally investigated the underwater plasma-arc cutting of oil casings. A workpiece composed of a steel plate and a cement block was used to simulate a segment of the oil casing during the cutting process. The working states of the plasma arc and slag emissions during cutting were analyzed using the plasma arc voltage, kerf depth, and slag distribution. The results showed that the vicious cycle of slag emission during the fixed-speed cutting of steel plate-cement structures caused severe slag bridging in the kerfs. The introduction of side-airflow optimized slag emissions during fixed-speed cutting, but reduced the kerf depth. The proposed breakpoint cutting avoids slag bridging and ensures the kerf depth. These findings are beneficial for advancing the application of underwater plasma arc cutting in oil casing removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Annoni , Carol Johnston , Ali Mehmanparast
{"title":"Fatigue life analysis of threaded connections in offshore wind turbines","authors":"Alessandro Annoni , Carol Johnston , Ali Mehmanparast","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid expansion of the installed offshore wind capacity around the world, it is essential to improve the structural integrity of these energy structures for reduced electricity cost and prolonged operational lifespans. An important part of the offshore wind turbine structures is the connection between the monopile foundation and the transition piece. Currently the dominant technology for connecting the monopile to transition piece is using L flanges held together with large-scale bolts. Threaded connections have emerged as a prevalent technology for linking sections of wind turbines, boasting commendable performance despite some inherent drawbacks. This study conducts a comprehensive review of the recommended fatigue design curves for threaded connections in international standards and compares them with the existing fatigue data on medium to large scale bolt sizes. Additionally, the fatigue behaviour of M72 threaded connections has been further analysed by performing new tests with two different values of mean stress. The obtained data from this study have been discussed in terms of the level of conservatism in the recommended fatigue design curves available in international standards for threaded connections. Moreover, the experimental analysis has been combined with numerical and analytical investigations to provide further insight into the life prediction of the threaded connections under fatigue loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Alonso-Reig , Iñigo Mendikoa , Victor Petuya
{"title":"A novel tool for floating offshore wind substructures design: Validation and definition of design guidelines","authors":"Maria Alonso-Reig , Iñigo Mendikoa , Victor Petuya","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient frequency-domain numerical tool for the preliminary design of Floating Offshore Wind (FOW) substructures has been developed, investigated, and validated against a state-of-the-art time-domain method. This tool, focused on floating substructures and particularly semi-submersible platforms, aims to expedite the design process. Its originality lies in coupling two novel methods to determine hydrodynamic loads: one estimates linear hydrodynamic coefficients, and the other predicts second-order wave loads. Combined with a simplified frequency domain response model, it enables rapid assessment of the dynamics of various platform designs, thus accelerating preliminary design.</div><div>To minimise computational costs, certain simplifications have been adopted, such as assuming negligible interaction effects between platform members. This assumption enhances the method’s accuracy, particularly when platform columns are spaced further apart for a given diameter. Despite these simplifications, the tool has shown to produce results comparable to existing methods regarding FOW structures’ dynamic behaviour, helping identify the most suitable platform designs for further evaluation in advanced design phases. Its notable efficiency also makes it suitable for sensitivity analyses, enhancing understanding of FOWT dynamic behaviour and quantifying the influence of different parameters on platform design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical investigation of cross waves in water flume with a shoal","authors":"Dong Shao , Gang Wang , Ying Yu , Yiwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the symmetrical and anti-symmetrical transverse modes of cross waves in a water flume, particularly focusing on those induced by longitudinally incident waves created by a wavemaker. The primary modes with the lowest mode numbers, symmetrical (1,0) and anti-symmetrical (1,1), were the focus due to their significant energy concentration. Numerical simulations were employed to investigate their occurrence mechanism, evolution processes, and spatial patterns, along with the factors influencing their behavior. Following experimental observations and preliminary analytical solutions, the simulations delved into the detailed behavior of these transverse modes, confirming their presence and characteristics through comparison with analytical solutions. The study reveals that minor perturbations, like water surface disturbances or cross slope variations on the hyperbolic cosine shoal, are essential for exciting these modes. Notably, while symmetrical and anti-symmetrical transverse waves can be initially excited, they cannot maintain a steady form and decay rapidly, indicating their transient nature in the flume environment. The incident wave height and bathymetrical parameter significantly influence the development and characteristics of these waves, with larger incident waves promoting more frequent and varied transverse modes. The interaction between longitudinal and transverse modes on the hyperbolic cosine shoal was also preliminarily observed, aligning with previous studies and suggesting a need for further investigation into their interaction and energy transfer mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Lieberkind Andersen , Svein Sævik , Jie Wu , Bernt Johan Leira , Helge Langseth
{"title":"Simulating Vortex-Induced Vibrations in Sheared Current by Using an Empirical Time-Domain Model with Adaptive Parameters","authors":"Martin Lieberkind Andersen , Svein Sævik , Jie Wu , Bernt Johan Leira , Helge Langseth","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slender marine structures, such as risers and power cables are subject to various loads, where Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) is known to have a significant impact on accumulation of fatigue damage in the materials. The stochastic nature of VIV makes it challenging to do accurate fatigue predictions even when the underlying numerical model is deterministic. The current state-of-the-art is to model VIV response in the time-domain, where semi-empirical models have shown promising results. However, there are significant uncertainties in the fatigue prediction associated with assuming the values of the empirical model parameters. In the present paper, an efficient gradient-free optimization method is proposed to adapt the empirical parameters based on curvature measurements from model tests. Prior to the optimization problem, a global sensitivity analysis was applied to determine which parameters that have the largest influence on relevant quantities of interest. A variance-based sensitivity analysis method using Sobol’ indices was used together with a Polynomial Chaos Expansion to increase the computational efficiency of the method. The yearly fatigue damage was computed for model tests with a riser in sheared current and simulated using the optimal, adaptive parameters. Using adaptive parameters improved the prediction of curvatures, including both the maximum curvature and identification of the dominating frequency related to the given curvature. The predicted maximum fatigue damage was also improved, especially for the in-line direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuewen Sun , Ruifu Wang , Chao Qi , Jun Xu , Zejie Tu , Fanlin Yang
{"title":"An improved tidal prediction method using meteorological parameters and historical residual water levels","authors":"Yuewen Sun , Ruifu Wang , Chao Qi , Jun Xu , Zejie Tu , Fanlin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate water levels information is essential for ocean and coastal management. Water levels are categorized into astronomical tides and residual water levels. The temporal and spatial continuity of residual water levels is influenced by a diverse set of factors. These complex influences pose challenges to achieving precise water level predictions. The TidalMet-HR method is proposed. By feeding wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, and historical residual water level data into a bidirectional long short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM), we determine the optimal network structure using Bayesian hyper parameters. Subsequently, we integrate astronomical tides with the predicted residual water levels to produce highly accurate future water level forecasts. To evaluate the performance of TidalMet-HR, the water level data of four tidal stations were analyzed. The results indicate that the TidalMet-HR method achieves water level prediction accuracy values within 5 cm and maintains limit errors below 10 cm for the next 36 h. Comparatively, the water level prediction errors at the four stations are reduced by 24.0% (compared to LSTM) when utilizing other artificial intelligence-based forecasting methods (e.g., BP, an RBF, and LSTM). These results certify the TidalMet-HR method as a significant benchmark for achieving precise tidal forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}