Applied Ocean Research最新文献

{"title":"Severe slugging mitigation by utilizing the active use of choke control valve","authors":"V Banjara ,&nbsp;C Avila ,&nbsp;D Murugavel ,&nbsp;E Pereyra","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the common flow assurance issues in offshore production facilities is riser-based severe slugging. Severe slugging is a cyclic process that occurs in the late life of reservoirs when there is not enough energy available in the system to push the liquid out of the riser. A novel technique is proposed in this study to mitigate this issue. Unlike the conventional choking techniques, where additional backpressure is applied on the riser to mitigate severe slugging, the proposed technique involves utilizing the active use of either the choke control valve located downstream of the riser in a pipeline-riser system or the separator gas control valve. This new technique can be utilized in brownfields where pipeline pressure measurement installed for feedback control loops is not feasible. The main advantage of the new technique is that it can use the available measurements and equipment (gas control valve and pressure sensors) available in a regular topside facility. In this study, an algorithm is developed that can determine the required valve operation sequence (amplitude and frequency) of the choke control valve based on the natural slugging frequency. The objective is the mitigation of the severe slugging, which minimizes imposing the additional backpressure on the pipeline-riser system. Proof of concept of the proposed technique demonstrated on a large-scale facility using the transient simulations. The results of the transient simulations using OLGA show that the active use of the choke control valve does affect the severe slugging characteristics. The results show that the valve sequence can either mitigate severe slugging or make it worse depending on the selection of the valve operation sequence. Therefore, determining the correct valve sequence is very critical. To investigate further, another case study has been presented, where the results from the algorithm developed in-house for the choke control valve operation sequence were tested using OLGA simulations. These simulation results show that the proposed technique is successful in providing a unique combination of choke control valve opening frequency and amplitude, which will mitigate the severe slugging without increasing the additional backpressure on the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of navigable water depth reliability in the Port of Singapore on the basis of AIS","authors":"Zeming Li ,&nbsp;Qizhi Zhuang ,&nbsp;Hengyong Chu ,&nbsp;Shanlin Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Cheng ,&nbsp;Jian Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhixin Duan ,&nbsp;Qingren Xue ,&nbsp;Yunchang Yao ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen ,&nbsp;Yaping Qi ,&nbsp;Manchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vessel groundings can be harmful to people and the environment. Draught in Automatic Identification System (AIS) data can help vessels avoid grounding incidents. However, AIS data often contain redundancies and errors. Vessel draught is not effectively utilized. This study aims to design a reliability assessment method based on the characteristics of AIS data to calculate reliable navigable water depth. The Port of Singapore is selected as the study area to generate navigable water depth. The proposed method calculates navigable water depth in grids and assesses its reliability. The assessment considers factors, such as the dispersion of a vessel’s draught, completeness of trajectories, type of vessels, and Vessel voyage data. A navigable water depth product can be obtained through data cleaning and reliability assessment. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in calculating navigable water depth and assessing reliability. Specifically, the method performs well in areas whose water depth is &lt;25 m, including wharves, inner harbor channels, and anchorages. The data are compared with other depth prediction methods, and the error between it and the charts is relatively small. The obtained navigable water depth is generally less than the chart depth and meets the requirements for safe navigation while optimizing the utilization of water depth in the port. The methodology has also been applied in other areas. Overall, utilizing AIS data to calculate and assess the reliability of navigable water depth provides valuable information for enhancing navigational safety and optimizing port water depth utilization. It also makes draught in AIS effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of variation in dynamic parameters of the flexible hydrofoil on energy harvesting performance","authors":"Yuzhi Yao,&nbsp;Chaoyong Zong,&nbsp;Jiaming Jia,&nbsp;Jianan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The flexible hydrofoil represents a promising tidal energy harvesting device, known for its environmentally friendly attributes. Understanding the intricacies of its energy harvesting mechanism and analyzing the impacts of key parameters are essential prerequisites for achieving refined design and optimization. In pursuit of this objective, this paper conducts a comprehensive numerical analysis. A numerical model is developed, focusing on a flexible tail hydrofoil that operates under the fully-passive model and incorporates the crucial aspect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). With the established model, such as heave damping, pitch damping, heave elasticity coefficient, and pitch elasticity coefficient, various dynamic parameters are delved into the influence on energy harvesting performance. The FSI phenomenon occurring between the hydrofoil and the fluid flow are analyzed. Due to the influence of the tail flexibility of the oscillating foil, the trailing edge vortex is generated and the intensity increases. This phenomenon affects the generation and development of the leading-edge vortex, the magnitude of the lift and the synchronization of motion. Through this optimization process, the oscillating hydrofoil attained an average efficiency of 37.8 % and an average energy harvesting power coefficient of 1.56.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifuge shaking table tests on the seismic performance of revetment breakwater on reclaimed coral sand","authors":"Yunyi Li,&nbsp;Bin Hu-Yan,&nbsp;Yulong Liao,&nbsp;Jian-Min Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revetment breakwaters on reclaimed coral sand have demonstrated vulnerability to seismic damage during strong earthquakes, wherein soil liquefaction has been identified as a substantial contributor. Based on the results of three centrifuge shaking table tests, this study investigates the characteristic seismic response of revetment breakwater on reclaimed coral sand and the influence of soil liquefaction. The basic mechanical properties of reclaimed coral sand were measured using undrained triaxial and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests. The centrifuge test results indicate that liquefaction of coral sand can result in significant displacement and even failure of revetment breakwaters, encompassing: (a) tilting, horizontal displacement, and settlement of the crest wall; (b) seismic subsidence in the foundation and backfill. The liquefaction consequence of the reclaimed coral sand increased with a decrease in soil density and rise in sea water level (SWL). Post-earthquake rapid reinforcement measure via sandbags is found to be effective in limiting excess pore pressure buildup in foundation soil and structure deformation under a second shaking event. Based on the test results, the effectiveness of current simplified design procedures in evaluating the stability and deformation of breakwaters in coral sand is assessed. When substantial excess pore pressure generation and liquefaction occur within the backfill and foundation coral sand, the pseudo-static and simplified dynamic methods are inadequate in assessing the stability and deformation of the breakwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual stress in thick titanium-alloy butt-welded plates and effect of hydrogen on fatigue crack propagation","authors":"Jinhui Jiang ,&nbsp;Lingyun Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Shi ,&nbsp;Liangbi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressure-resistant titanium-alloy shells are typically fabricated using welding assemblies, making them vulnerable to hydrogen-induced cracking. Consequently, it is of enormous importance to study the crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation of titanium-alloy thick-plate butt welding under the combined action of hydrogen and welding residual stress. In this study, the X-ray non-destructive testing method was used to examine the sheet metal, and the residual stress was numerically calculated. Subsequently, the hydrogen concentration in different regions of a TC4 titanium-alloy butt-welded plate was measured using the thermal conductivity method. Finally, a VUMAT subroutine was developed to simulate the crack initiation and propagation. This enabled us to study the crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation of a TC4 titanium-alloy butt-welded plate under the coupling of hydrogen and residual stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104543"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DSM-Net: A multi-scale detection network of sonar images for deep-sea mining vehicle","authors":"Xinran Liu ,&nbsp;Jianmin Yang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Xu ,&nbsp;Qihang Chen ,&nbsp;Haining Lu ,&nbsp;Yu Chai ,&nbsp;Changyu Lu ,&nbsp;Yulong Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep-sea mining vehicles (DSMVs) play a crucial role in deep-sea mining operations, requiring high-precision, real-time detection of seabed rocks and terrain of varying scales to ensure safe navigation and operation. However, the complexity of multi-scale seabed terrains, along with the low resolution and high noise levels in sonar images, makes accurate real-time detection a challenge. To address these issues, DSM-Net, a multi-scale terrain detection network specifically designed for deep-sea mining, is proposed. DSM-Net integrates several innovative modules: the Tri-Scale Attention Module (TSA) extracts multi-scale features and reduces noise interference, the Partial-Dynamic Module (PDM) improves inference speed, and the ASFF* detection head incorporates an additional small-target detection layer. Furthermore, an adaptive weighting function, Adaptive Difficulty Loss (ADL), is introduced to handle the imbalance in the number of targets across different scales in actual seabed environments. DSM-Net was evaluated on the DSMSD dataset, showing a 2.16 % improvement in [email protected]:0.95 and an 18.75 % reduction in inference time compared to the YOLOv8 baseline, striking an effective balance between detection speed and accuracy. In sea trials, DSM-Net contributed to path planning and obstacle avoidance, proving its practical engineering value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANN and blockchain-orchestrated decentralized data-driven analytical framework for ship fuel oil consumption","authors":"Mihir Parekh ,&nbsp;Nilesh Kumar Jadav ,&nbsp;Sudeep Tanwar ,&nbsp;Giovanni Pau ,&nbsp;Fayez Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Amr Tolba","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In maritime operations, advanced technologies have paved the way for predictive analytics to optimize energy consumption. In this research, we introduce an AI and blockchain-assisted intelligent and secure framework for predicting energy consumption in ships to enhance efficiency and sustainability. In this context, we used a standard energy consumption dataset comprising CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions and energy consumption features; therefore, we first employed a regression model that predicted CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> emissions in ships. Based on the prediction, we create the target labels in the dataset, i.e., ship with poor engine (1) and ship with good engine (0). Subsequently, we applied decentralized training on the dataset using federated learning (FL) for the binary classification problem. We utilized an artificial neural network (ANN) in FL that efficiently categorized the ships based on their energy consumption features. Furthermore, we considered a tampered-proof technology, i.e., blockchain technology, that confronts data tampering attacks on FL-trained weights. In that context, we developed a smart contract that ensures valid FL-trained weights get shared with FL clients and the global model. To guarantee the outperformance of the proposed framework, we assess it by considering different evaluation metrics, such as FL client’s training accuracy (98.74%), training loss (0.094), validation curve, regression error rate (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 24.15–32.12), and blockchain’s transaction and execution cost (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 50000–260000). The synergy of AI and blockchain highlights their combined impact on revolutionizing energy consumption prediction in the maritime industry. The proposed framework not only refines predictive accuracy but also ensures the confidentiality and integrity of the predicted data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the transportation characteristics of wastewater-driven deep-sea diaphragm pumps for slurry transportation","authors":"Qiong Hu ,&nbsp;Junqiang Huang ,&nbsp;Yajuan Kang ,&nbsp;Shaojun Liu ,&nbsp;Junxuan Feng ,&nbsp;Kaile Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In deep-sea mining, there are two critical requirements: discharging mining wastewater to the seabed and providing energy for seabed slurry transportation. Previous studies have proposed a novel deep-sea mining system that employs a wastewater-driven diaphragm pump for slurry transportation. In this scheme, wastewater delivered from the surface drives the deep-sea diaphragm pump to convey slurry upward, while the pump on the seabed mining vehicle conveys slurry into the diaphragm pump, thereby driving the diaphragm to discharge wastewater into the deep sea. This paper analyzes the working mechanism and structural characteristics of this “dual-fluid driven” diaphragm pump, and compares it with conventional “suction-discharge” diaphragm pumps. Simulated experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are employed to investigate the pump's flow and pressure characteristics during fluid transport, as well as to explore the particle motion patterns and slurry transportation behavior in solid-liquid two-phase flow. Furthermore, with deep-sea polymetallic nodule commercial mining serving as the context, the structural design and process parameters for a wastewater-driven deep-sea diaphragm pump within a mining system are proposed. Additionally, the Computational Fluid Dynamics–Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) is applied to resolve the particle movement and concentration variations of the mineral slurry within the pump. This paper examines the adaptability of utilizing mining wastewater to drive the diaphragm pump for deep-sea solid mineral transport, thereby providing feasibility analysis and theoretical guidance for its application in deep-sea mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104567"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the influence of coastal structure removal on sand spit morphology","authors":"Shanhang Chi ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiqiu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Dongfang Liang ,&nbsp;Jinhai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of hard engineering solutions in coastal protection has been controversial because of their potential environmental impacts. Selective removal of intrusive coastal structures offers an alternative to address the coastal erosion problem. The key idea is to remove the erosion-causing structures on highly artificial coasts, triggering the natural recovery of eroded shorelines. However, the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of this approach in real coastal environments remain poorly understood. This study investigates the influence of coastal structure removal on coastal evolution using a computationally efficient coastline model ShorelineS. The analysis focuses on the sand spit at the Fudu Estuary in Liaoning Province, China, which is a stretch of morphologically complex coast suffering from erosion due to intense coastal engineering. An estuary jetty, an attached breakwater, an artificial island, and cofferdams were constructed along the 2 km coast between 2010 and 2015. Validated by annual satellite-derived shorelines and hourly hindcast wave data, the model can well reproduce the morphological change of the sand spit both in the natural state and under the influence of man-made structures. Post-removal shoreline evolutions are quantitatively analyzed in nine coastal structure removal scenarios, so that the optimal removal scheme and the shoreline recovery mechanisms can be identified. The results demonstrate that rational removal of coastal structures can reverse shoreline erosion and landform degradation by changing nearshore wave conditions, regulating sediment transport paths, and increasing sediment inputs. The present study suggests that the general principle of removing coastal structures to enhance coastal resilience in a broader coastal setting is to restore the balance between sediment loss and input, basing on understanding of sediment transport mechanisms and impacts of structures on coastal morphology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of free-fall penetrometer dissipation tests in rate-dependent clay","authors":"Kun Ma ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Jingbin Zheng ,&nbsp;Kuntan Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The free-fall penetrometer (FFP) is a novel in-situ tool with potential of soil characterization in deep waters, owing to its low cost and high efficiency. The dissipation test of FFP in cohesive soil and then the determination of in-situ coefficient of consolidation are investigated numerically, where the entire ‘penetration-dissipation’ process of the FFP is reproduced using a large-deformation finite element approach incorporating the elastic-viscoplastic modified Cam-clay model. The large deformation approach is validated by comparing with the penetration profiles and dissipation curves measured in the existing centrifuge tests. The conventional interpretation of dissipation curve in the piezocone test is expanded to that against the FFP. A parametric study is then carried out varying the factors dominating the dissipation response, including the initial penetration velocity, mass, geometry and roughness of the FFP and the soil properties. It is observed that the effect of strain rate on the dissipation curve cannot be ignored reasonably. Thus, the equation to predict the consolidation coefficient for cone penetration test is expanded to obtain the coefficient of consolidation through the FFP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"158 ","pages":"Article 104562"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}