Annals of translational medicine最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-powered solutions for automated aortic diameter measurement in computed tomography: a narrative review.","authors":"Eunice Man Ki Lo, Sisi Chen, Karen Hoi Ling Ng, Randolph Hung Leung Wong","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-171","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) are often asymptomatic but present acutely with life threatening complications that necessitate emergency intervention. Aortic diameter measurement using computed tomography (CT) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring. However, manual measurement can create challenges in clinical workflows due to its time-consuming, labour-intensive nature and susceptibility to human error. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), several models have emerged in recent years for automated aortic diameter measurement. This article aims to review the performance and clinical relevance of these models in relation to clinical workflows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published between 2014 and 2024, with the focus on AI and deep learning aortic diameter measurements in screening and diagnosis of TAAD.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Twenty-four studies were retrieved in the past ten years, highlighting a significant knowledge gap in the field of translational medicine. The discussion included an overview of AI-powered models for aortic diameter measurement, as well as current clinical guidelines and workflows.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This article provides a thorough overview of AI and deep learning models designed for automatic aortic diameter measurement in the screening and diagnosis of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). We emphasize not only the performance of these technologies but also their clinical significance in enabling timely interventions for high-risk patients. Looking ahead, we envision a future where AI and deep learning-powered automatic aortic diameter measurement models will streamline TAAD clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding therapeutic options for Pompe disease: a new small molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) shows preclinical promise in Pompe disease.","authors":"Rebecca L Koch, Benjamin T Cocanougher, Jeong-A Lim, Nina Raben, Priya S Kishnani","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-135","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-135","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell type-specific upregulation of NKG2D ligand MICA in response to APTO253.","authors":"Reem Alkhayer, Viviane Ponath, Elke Pogge von Strandmann","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-24-20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most important targets for natural killer (NK) cell-mediated therapy is the induction of natural killer group 2D ligand (NKG2D-L) expression. APTO253 is a small molecule that selectively kills acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, and it has been reported that APTO253 can induce Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression and downregulate c-MYC expression. Recently, we discovered a novel role of APTO253 in modulating the NK cell response by inducing surface expression of NKG2D-Ls, especially MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA), in AML cells. In this study, we extended the research to validate the effect of APTO253 in other cancer cell lines and found that the enhanced expression of NKG2D-Ls in response to APTO253 is limited in a tumor cell-specific manner. Here, we show that MICA induction upon treatment with APTO253 not only varies between ovarian and pancreatic cancer cell lines but also differs in two ovarian cancer cell lines for an unknown reason. Additionally, our data suggest a link between the induced expression of <i>MICA</i> and the regulation of both, <i>KLF4</i> and <i>c</i>-<i>MYC</i>, which might represent a mechanism underlying the induction of NKG2D-L expression upon treatment with APTO253. These results may contribute to the potential use of APTO253 as a treatment to improve tumor cell-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity in various cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of fecal microbiome dysregulation to synovial transcriptome in an equine model of obesity associated osteoarthritis.","authors":"Lyndah Chow, Gabriella Kawahisa-Piquini, Luke Bass, Dean Hendrickson, Ashana Patel, Meagan Rockow, Steven Dow, Lynn M Pezzanite","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-109","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly thought to be a multifactorial disease in which sustained gut inflammation serves as a continued source of inflammatory mediators driving degenerative processes at distant sites such as joints. The objective of this study was to use the equine model of naturally occurring obesity associated OA to compare the fecal microbiome in OA and health and correlate those findings to differential gene expression synovial fluid (SF) cells, circulating leukocytes and cytokine levels (plasma, SF) towards improved understanding of the interplay between microbiome and immune transcriptome in OA pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Feces, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and SF cells were isolated from healthy skeletally mature horses (n=12; 6 males, 6 females) and those with OA (n=6, 2 females, 4 males). Horses were determined to have OA via lameness evaluation, response to intra-articular (IA) diagnostic analgesia, and radiographic and arthroscopic evidence. Horses were excluded who had received medications or joint injections within 2 months. Cytokine analyses of plasma and SF were performed via multiplex immunoassay. Fecal bacterial microbial 16s DNA sequencing was performed and correlated to bulk RNA sequencing of SF cells and PBMC performed using an Illumina based platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horses with OA had higher body condition scores (P=0.009). Cytokines were elevated in plasma [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-18, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interferon gamma inducible protein 10 (CXCL10 or IP-10), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)] and SF (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-18, IP-10, G-CSF) in OA. Microbial principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity for β-diversity demonstrated distinct grouping of samples from OA versus healthy horses (P=0.003). Faith alpha diversity was reduced in OA (P=0.02). Analysis of microbiome composition showed differential relative abundance of taxa on multiple levels in OA. Specific phyla (<i>Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Tenericutes, Fibrobacteres</i>), correlated to transcriptomic differences related to cell structure, extracellular matrix, collagen, laminin, migration, and motility, or immune response to inflammation in OA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide compelling evidence for a link between obesity, gut microbiome dysbiosis and differential gene expression in distant joint sites associated with development of OA in a relevant large animal model, establishing a connection here that provides a platform from which development of therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiome can build.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in clinical settings: a systematic review of its role in language translation and interpretation.","authors":"Ariana Genovese, Sahar Borna, Cesar A Gomez-Cabello, Syed Ali Haider, Srinivasagam Prabha, Antonio J Forte, Benjamin R Veenstra","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-24-162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Addressing language barriers through accurate interpretation is crucial for providing quality care and establishing trust. While the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to translate medical documentation has been studied, its role for patient-provider communication is less explored. This review evaluates AI's effectiveness in clinical translation by assessing accuracy, usability, satisfaction, and feedback on its use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on July 11, 2024, across Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria required AI to translate clinical information for a real or theoretical consultation. Exclusion criteria included reviews, correspondence, educational materials, non-peer-reviewed or retracted reports, non-English translations, pre-2016 publications, and reports on sign language or patient education. Search strings representing AI, language interpretation, and healthcare were used. Two investigators independently conducted the screening, extraction, synthesis of results, and bias assessments using Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I), Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. A third investigator resolved conflicts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,095 reports, 9 studies were analyzed, evaluating AI translation platforms Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, Apple iTranslate, AwezaMed, Pocketalk W, and the Asynchronous Telepsychiatry (ATP) App. Investigations occurred in the US, France, Switzerland, and South Africa, with publications from 2019-2024. AI medical translation shows promise, typically providing accurate translations for brief communications in limited languages, though human translation is often necessary. Accuracy scores ranged from 83-97.8% when translating from English, and 36-76% when translating to English. Usability scores were 76.7-96.7%. Patients were more satisfied than clinicians, with 84-96.6% and 53.8-86.7% satisfied, respectively. Clinicians were hesitant to use AI due to questions of respect, quality, reliability, and misunderstanding. AI is being used as a last-resort option, to assist fluent, non-certified providers and lay interpreters, and for brief communications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limitations include few languages tested, unidirectional translation, simulation, and evolving translation tools. AI shows promise in clinical translation, but the complexity of medical consultations requires a balanced approach combining AI and human translation services for quality care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing flap surgery: the need for standardized surgical delay techniques and patient-specific approaches.","authors":"Rahim Hirani, Carter J Boyd","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-24-108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C9orf72 role in myeloid cells: new perspectives in the investigation of the neuro-immune crosstalk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Maria Elena Cicardi, Davide Trotti","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-86","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention for stable ischemic heart disease in end-stage kidney disease: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Rhythm Vasudeva, Harsh Mehta, Wan-Chi Chan, Sania Jiwani, Sri G Yarlagadda, Prakash Acharya, Prasad Gunasekaran, Georges Hajj, Mark Wiley, Eric Hockstad, Peter Tadros, Kamal Gupta","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-85","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at high risk for coronary artery disease. We investigate the trends and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) in patients with ESKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized the United States Renal Data System [2010-2018] to include adult patients with ESKD on dialysis for at least 3 months who underwent PCI for SIHD. Patients with myocardial infarction during index hospitalization, history of coronary artery bypass graft or renal transplantation and without Medicare AB coverage were excluded. Trends and related outcomes, including mortality and revascularization rate, were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 65.1 years with 57.5% male and a majority White (64.5%). The dialysis duration was ≤5 years in 83.3% patients. Hypertension (97.6%) and diabetes mellitus (76.8%) were the most common comorbidities. PCI procedures per 1,000 ESKD patients dropped from 6.2 in 2010 to 2.6 in 2018 (P<0.001) while the index hospitalization mortality increased from 0.9% to 3.0% (P<0.001). The 30-day and 1-year mortality also significantly increased from 3.2% to 6.1% and 26.5% to 31.9%, respectively. However, 1-year repeat revascularization rates dropped from 19.8% to 17.0% between 2010-2018 (P<0.001). A significant increase in comorbidity burden was also noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate a consistent decrease in PCI rates for SIHD in ESKD patients. However, the in-hospital mortality has increased significantly, in part, due to an increasing high-risk profile of these patients. Our results call for individualized clinical decision-making when exploring revascularization options in ESRD patients with SIHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining tomorrow: the evolution of plastic and reconstructive surgery.","authors":"Johnny Ionut Efanov, Omar Elsewify","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-75","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-24-75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin-producing cells derived from expandable stem cell-derived endoderm are effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Eiji Yoshihara","doi":"10.21037/atm-24-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-24-129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"12 6","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}