Annals of translational medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ferritin as a diagnostic point-of-care marker in iron deficiency anemia: a narrative review and clinical implications.","authors":"Janeva Nicole Dimen, Mohammad Sunoqrot, Catherine Hobbs, Emma Cherayil, Daven Sharma, Homa K Ahmadzia","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0122","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy and is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidities, warranting early identification and aggressive management. Point-of-care (POC) devices that measure serum ferritin may offer a faster and more accessible alternative to traditional hemoglobin or laboratory testing for evaluating iron status. However, there is little information available on the use of ferritin POC devices to diagnose IDA, particularly in pregnancy. In this review, we outline the role of ferritin in IDA and provide a comprehensive analysis of contemporary ferritin measurement methods, including POC testing, to enhance the early identification and management of IDA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A review of peer-reviewed literature published in English from database inception to June 2026 and retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords such as ferritin; iron deficiency anemia (IDA); screening; diagnosis; management; point-of-care (POC); and iron status.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>Ferritin is a significant diagnostic marker for IDA. Utilizing ferritin levels for IDA diagnosis has several benefits and limitations, particularly in groups experiencing simultaneous inflammatory conditions. Advancements in POC ferritin testing devices offer potential to enhance the screening and management of IDA, especially in resource-limited environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>POC ferritin testing presents a valuable opportunity to improve the efficiency and accessibility of IDA diagnostics, paving the way for improved anemia management and patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct selective laser trabeculoplasty in glaucoma: insights from the GLAUrious study.","authors":"Daniel Zhu, Charles Zhang, Paras Shah, Amanda Bicket","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0036","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Krüppel-like factor 5 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma via the baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 gene.","authors":"","doi":"10.21037/atm-2024-40","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2024-40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3728.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate aging <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.21037/atm-2024-39","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2024-39","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1206.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A developmentally informed narrative review of Toll-like receptors in adult and pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.","authors":"Clare Wei Tian Foo, Herng Lee Tan, Jing Yao Leong, Joo Guan Yeo, Salvatore Albani, Judith Ju Ming Wong","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0138","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory lung syndrome associated with high mortality and morbidity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), key pattern-recognition receptors of innate immunity, mediate inflammatory responses to both infectious and sterile lung injury. Although TLR signaling has been increasingly implicated in ARDS pathogenesis, significant developmental and translational gaps remain, particularly in pediatric ARDS (PARDS). This review summarizes current evidence on TLR-mediated mechanisms in ARDS and PARDS, with emphasis on developmental regulation and translational relevance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted using English-language studies identified from PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. Experimental, translational, and clinical studies investigating TLR signaling in ARDS and PARDS were reviewed, including studies involving cell-surface and endosomal TLRs, developmental immunology, animal models, genetic and transcriptomic analyses, and therapeutic modulation of TLR pathways or their key effector cytokines.</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>TLR4 is an extensively studied receptor in ARDS, mediating inflammatory responses to endotoxins, sterile injury, sepsis, and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) through MyD88- and TRIF-dependent pathways. Endosomal TLRs, including TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, contribute predominantly to viral-induced lung injury and antiviral immunity. Experimental studies demonstrate that TLR activation drives cytokine amplification, neutrophil recruitment, endothelial dysfunction, and alveolar-capillary barrier disruption. Human studies identify TLR-associated polymorphisms and transcriptomic alterations linked to ARDS susceptibility and outcomes. Importantly, pediatric immune responses exhibit developmental regulation of TLR signaling, with age-dependent variation in receptor expression and cytokine production, suggesting PARDS pathogenesis involving TLR activation cannot be directly inferred from adult disease models. However, direct TLR-focused studies in PARDS remain limited.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TLR signaling pathways are central to ARDS and PARDS pathogenesis and represent potential therapeutic targets. However, direct evidence in PARDS remains limited. Future research should prioritize age-stratified pediatric studies to define developmental differences in TLR signaling and guide therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between rheumatoid arthritis, frailty status, mortality and anti-cancer therapy: a retrospective SEER-Medicare analysis in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Sherwin Novin, Sarah K Holt, Maya Swaminathan, Jonathan Wright, John Gore, Kimme Hyrich, Sizheng Steven Zhao, Jeffrey Sparks, Una Makris, Maria Suarez-Almazor, Petros Grivas, Sarah Psutka, Namrata Singh","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0074","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent a niche but understudied population that often suffers from comorbid frailty. Frailty and RA may adversely affect treatment and mortality outcomes in patients with cancer. We aim to evaluate the association between RA and mortality/treatment outcomes in patients with RCC, with attention to the impact of frailty on these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study examining patients aged 65 and older, with Medicare part A and B coverage and non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) diagnosed between 2004-2017 via the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. Patients stratified by RA, defined by having 2 or more ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes 30 to 365 days apart, and frailty status with a score of ≥0.25 using a validated claims-based frailty index (Kim et al. 2018). Receipt of immunotherapy and cancer-related surgery were assessed and compared. Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated the association between RA, frailty and mortality (all-cause and cancer-specific). Competing risk analysis using fine-gray model used to assess interaction between RA and frailty with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The population included 31,989 patients, of which 802 patients had RA and 3,918 were frail. Approximately 60% of the population was male. Rates of cancer-related surgery were not significantly changed by RA status. No significant difference in immunotherapy administration based on RA status was observed [odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59-1.12]. Frailty modified the relationship between RA and all-cause mortality (P=0.01). RA was associated with higher all-cause mortality risk in non-frail patients [hazard ratio (HR) 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03-1.29], but no difference in risk in frail patients (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79-1.14). Frailty was associated with a higher risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26-1.50), while RA was not (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.91-1.29).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RA was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in non-frail patients with non-metastatic ccRCC, but not in frail patients. Frailty interacts with RA on the risk of all-cause mortality in this population. The presence of frailty, but not RA, was an independent risk factor for cancer-specific mortality. RA did not appear to significantly impact the receipt of immunotherapy and cancer-related surgery. The complex contributions of frailty and RA to mortality underscore the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between rheumatologists and oncologists in order to maximize treatment and mortality outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive longitudinal study quantifying the systemic effects associated with ovariectomy and high-dose corticosteroids in a sheep model of osteoporosis.","authors":"Katie T Bisazza, Brad B Nelson, Russell V Anthony, Laurie R Goodrich, Kirk C McGilvray, Jeremiah T Easley","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0112","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sheep is a common preclinical model for osteoporosis in humans and allows for robust longitudinal studies. Appropriate characterization of large animal models is necessary prior to selection for preclinical studies. We sought to comprehensively characterize the process of bone loss in a 12-month sheep model of osteoporosis, and report on the sheep clinical pathologies throughout osteoporosis model development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We induced osteoporotic bone loss in 10 sheep via ovariectomy and corticosteroid administration. Over a 12-month period, we performed serial bone density scanning, bone biopsy for microarchitecture and histomorphometry assessment, clinical assessments, and evaluated systemic levels of steroid hormones, as well as hematological and biochemical values. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the outcomes of osteoporotic sheep to healthy age-matched control sheep over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully induced osteoporotic-like bone loss in the experimental group by observing decreased bone density in the lumbar spine and tibia by 6 months, including changes to bone microarchitecture (i.e., trabecular thinning, decreasing bone volume) and histomorphometry (i.e., decreased trabecular bone ratio) indicative of bone remodeling disruption. We also reported comprehensive systemic changes in the same animals over time. Compared to control animals, we observed a significant disruption to clinical pathology parameters and steroid hormone production in osteoporotic sheep. Osteoporotic model development induced hematological and serological disruptions at 3 months, including neutrophilia, immune cell suppression, electrolyte and protein imbalances, hyperphosphatemia, and elevated liver enzymes. Additionally, administration of corticosteroids appeared to suppress cortisol production over the course of model development, followed by a surge of endogenous cortisol following cessation of corticosteroid treatment. Estradiol surprisingly did not drop to significantly lower levels than controls for the duration of the experiment, suggesting that there are extragonadal sources of estradiol production or dietary sources of phytoestrogens in the sheep differing from humans.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bone loss was induced in sheep within 3-6 months, and the most significant systemic disruptions appear to correlate with timing of high-dose corticosteroids. These findings offer a detailed characterization of the sheep model of osteoporosis, enabling investigators to distinguish the effects of treatment administration from those arising solely from model development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for atrial fibrillation according to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone: an opportunity for refinement?","authors":"Akash Kamalakshan Mavilakandy, Gregory Y H Lip","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0024","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Could chimeric antigen receptor-T cell treatment of atherosclerosis in mice translate to a human therapy?","authors":"Steven Gieseg, Barry Hock, Martins Ogugofor, Sally McCormick","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0132","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of large language models to address patients' preoperative questions before anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery.","authors":"Erika Yamazawa, Ziad Rifi, John K Houten, James D Lin, Konstantinos Margetis, Jeremy Steinberger","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0085","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients increasingly use large language models (LLMs) to obtain medical information, including preoperative guidance. However, the quality of LLM-generated responses to questions regarding anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) remains unclear. This study evaluated the performance of GPT-5 and GROK 4 in answering common preoperative ACDF questions. We hypothesized that both models would provide generally accurate and comprehensible responses while demonstrating limitations in completeness, clinical nuance, and personalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As an expert-rated pilot study, eighteen frequently asked ACDF preoperative questions were independently entered into GPT-5 and GROK 4 without additional prompting. Responses were evaluated by three attending spine neurosurgeons and one neurosurgery resident using 5-point Likert scales for accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and ordinal Krippendorff's alpha. Readability was measured using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean accuracy scores were identical for GPT-5 and GROK 4 (4.52). GROK 4 demonstrated higher completeness (4.61 <i>vs</i>. 4.26), whereas GPT-5 showed higher comprehensibility (4.74 <i>vs</i>. 4.41). Inter-attending ICC values were low (0.12-0.21), while Krippendorff's alpha indicated very high ordinal consistency despite restricted score variance. Agreement between the attending mean score and resident ratings was moderate (ICC ≈0.51-0.52). FKGL scores were approximately 10 for both models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LLMs provide generally accurate and understandable responses to common ACDF preoperative questions but lack nuanced risk stratification and individualized clinical guidance. These findings support their use as adjuncts, rather than replacements, for physician-led counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}