Annals of translational medicine最新文献

{"title":"Comments on Diversified segmental defocus optimization lenses with and without atropine for myopia prevention: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Langis Michaud","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0007","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized pharmacotherapy: background and development.","authors":"Jan Trøst Jørgensen, Niels Westergaard","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0136","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most drug prescriptions are still based on empiricism and not on solid biological data, which often results in considerable patient variability and, sometimes, low patient benefits. Although variability in patient response to pharmacotherapy has long been recognized, only in recent decades have new molecule analytical methods provided insight into some of the causes, which are often related to somatic or germline genetic variations. Based on this insight, different predictive biomarker tests have been developed to optimize and individualize pharmacotherapy. These biomarker tests are classified as companion diagnostic (CDx) or pharmacogenetic (PGx) tests. In both the United States and Europe, CDx and PGx information is part of the regulatory drug labeling and is included in the Prescribing Information for the individual drugs and biologics. In the United States, this type of information is found in the labeling of more than 400 regulatory-approved drugs and biological products. Despite these measures and the documented clinical utility of CDx and PGx testing, clinical implementation is lagging, especially with regard to PGx. There are various reasons for the lack of testing, such as insufficient education and awareness among healthcare professionals, inadequate access to biomarker testing, regulatory hurdles, and insufficient reimbursements. Although progress has been made in recent years, further efforts are needed to fully realize the potential of individualized pharmacotherapy by integrating the use of predictive biomarkers into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Literature review of pediatric Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and mixed histiocytosis (Langerhans cell histiocytosis/ECD).","authors":"Shinsaku Imashuku","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0093","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) are more commonly observed in childhood; however, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) predominantly affects adults, making pediatric ECD extremely rare. To find out the incidence and characteristics of ECD in children, a review article was prepared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was conducted to estimate the incidence of pediatric ECD and characterize its clinical features, using PubMed and Crossref, during 1990 to June 2026, with searched terms \"Childhood or Pediatric\", \"Erdheim-Chester disease\", \"Mixed histiocytosis\".</p><p><strong>Key content and findings: </strong>A total of 28 pediatric ECD cases were collected, which compared with previously reported pediatric ECD case series (Pegoraro <i>et al</i>., n=21; Romano <i>et al</i>., n=16). Based on these reports, it was estimated that more than 30 pediatric ECD cases have been described to date. Pediatric ECD appears to be characterized by relatively high rates of central nervous system involvement (53-67%) and mixed histiocytosis (20-38%). In addition, ophthalmologic involvements in the Yeager <i>et al</i>.'s study in 45% (adult 30%) of pediatric ECD should be recognized as an important manifestation in the eyes even in children. Regarding prognosis, most pediatric patients with ECD were reported as alive with disease (AWD) at the time of publication, suggesting a more favorable outcome than that observed in adult cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnosing ECD in children remains challenging; however, this rare entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric histiocytosis, particularly in cases with central nervous system and ophthalmologic involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the numbers: hypotension, algorithms, and the elusive promise of renal protection.","authors":"Rogerio da Hora Passos, Rafael Hortêncio Melo, Roberto Rabello Filho, Bruno Zawadzki, Olfa Hamzaoui","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0056","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The effect of TLR-4 on the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and its relationship with the Wnt signal transduction pathway during bone nonunion.","authors":"","doi":"10.21037/atm-20262-1","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-20262-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1261.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways in melanoma brain metastasis.","authors":"Rafael Rosell, María González-Cao, Daniel Olmo-González, Emilia Hold, Miguel Ángel Molina-Vila","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0127","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma has one of the highest propensities to metastasize to the brain, and despite major advances with immune checkpoint inhibitors, brain metastases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The biological mechanisms governing brain colonization, immune evasion, and resistance to therapy are incompletely understood. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of the tumor microenvironment and signaling pathways involved in melanoma brain metastasis, with emphasis on mechanisms that may provide novel therapeutic opportunities. We performed a review of preclinical and clinical studies investigating molecular pathways, immune-cell interactions, and metabolic programs associated with melanoma brain metastasis and response to immunotherapy. Emerging evidence identifies enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) phosphorylation by Src kinase as a key driver of brain metastasis through granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production and recruitment of immunosuppressive neutrophils. Microglia and tumor-associated macrophages constitute major components of the brain metastatic microenvironment and actively support tumor progression. Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signaling contributes to microglial activation and immune-related neurotoxicity during anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including alterations in mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex components such as Mic19 and Mic60, promotes innate immune signaling through cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). TBK1 emerges as a central regulator linking neuroinflammation, microglial activation, metastatic progression, and therapeutic resistance. In addition, metabolic reprogramming mediated by tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) enhances fatty acid oxidation and promotes melanoma metastasis. These pathways may represent actionable targets that complement immune checkpoint blockade. Melanoma brain metastasis is driven by complex interactions between tumor cells, neutrophils, microglia, and mitochondrial signaling networks. Src-EZH2, TBK1-dependent inflammatory pathways, and TCTN1/CPT1A-mediated metabolic reprogramming are emerging biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Integrating these approaches with anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) therapies may improve disease control, overcome resistance, and reduce immune-related adverse events in patients with melanoma brain metastases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphine versus hydromorphone pharmacokinetic <i>vs</i>. pharmacodynamic variabilities.","authors":"Konrad Meissner, Erik Olofsen, Albert Dahan, Evan D Kharasch","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0145","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 4","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13554343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-guided adjuvant therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): ready for primetime?","authors":"Eric W Martin, Jeanny B Aragon-Ching","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0015","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-1-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to commentary: \"Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia and recurrence-free survival after hepatectomy-does it improve outcomes?\"","authors":"Ji-Hye Kwon, Jeayoun Kim, Gaab Soo Kim","doi":"10.21037/atm-2026-0113","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2026-0113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: The development of a redox-sensitive curcumin conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide nanocarrier for the efficient delivery of docetaxel to glioma cells.","authors":"","doi":"10.21037/atm-2024-37","DOIUrl":"10.21037/atm-2024-37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-288.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8216,"journal":{"name":"Annals of translational medicine","volume":"14 3","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13349720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148418204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}