Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Meals for the dead: investigating Romano-British accessory vessels in burials using organic residue analysis","authors":"Julie Dunne,&nbsp;Edward Biddulph,&nbsp;Lucy J. E. Cramp,&nbsp;Caitlin Greenwood,&nbsp;Enid Allison,&nbsp;Jeremy Evans,&nbsp;Richard Helm,&nbsp;Bekky Hillman,&nbsp;Malcolm Lyne,&nbsp;Nigel Page,&nbsp;Caroline Rann,&nbsp;Richard P. Evershed","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02048-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02048-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accessory vessels, including platters, dishes, beakers, flagons, jars, and amphorae, are a common feature of Romano-British burials, raising questions as to their provenance; for example, were such vessels recycled from the domestic sphere or made specially for funerary purposes? Furthermore, uncertainty surrounds their purpose: did they contain foods for the deceased, possibly for their final journey to the underworld? Interestingly, organic residue analysis of vessels from Baginton, a site adjacent to The Lunt fort, Coventry, an early (mid to late first century) Roman military cremation cemetery did not yield evidence for food offerings and may have reflected the use of seconds or damaged vessels in burials, perhaps to provide a symbolic meal. In contrast, here we provide, for the first time, direct chemical and isotopic evidence for ‘meals for the dead’, comprising mainly dairy products, often mixed with leafy plants, extracted from somewhat unusual accessory vessels found in a small, enclosed inhumation cemetery, perhaps associated with a family group, which dates to the late (third to late fourth century, or early fifth century A.D) in urban Canterbury. Thus, we can confirm that accessory vessels found in later Romano-British burials were, in this instance, used in the laying out of funerary meals, presumably to nourish the soul on the journey to the underworld. These preliminary insights on vessel use and burial practices across the span of the Roman occupation of Britain thus provide a strong hint at the diversity of Roman burial practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02048-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living in the Mountains. Settlement patterns in Northwestern Iberia during the Palaeolithic period","authors":"Mikel Díaz-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02049-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02049-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the presence of a theoretical model describing the settlement patterns of Palaeolithic sites in Northwestern Iberia, it has not yet been empirically tested using statistical analysis. This study explores the settlement patterns of the Palaeolithic period in Northwestern Iberia within two regions that share similar chronology and research traditions: the Northern and Central Mountain ranges of Northwestern Iberia. Employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial statistics, the methodology has provided robust empirical support for several aspects of the theoretical model. The study rigorously tested the theoretical model proposed in the existing literature using statistical analysis and a comprehensive dataset of 50 variables. The findings highlight significant regional distinctions in the settlement patterns of Palaeolithic sites within both areas of Northwestern Iberia. This research not only confirms certain hypotheses related to Palaeolithic site locations but also underscores the need for further examination and refinement of others, particularly considering the notable regional variations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The secret is quartz: technology of production of an eleventh-twelfth century western Mediterranean polychrome glazed ware","authors":"Elena Salinas,&nbsp;Trinitat Pradell","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02040-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02040-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A group of a well-known polychrome glazed ceramic, widespread in the western Mediterranean in the eleventh and first half of the twelfth centuries, has been analysed for the first time using Optical Microscopy (OM) and a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), in order to shed some light on the materials, production technology and provenance, about which there are various hypotheses. This ware is characterised by a perfectly drawn and varied iconography, with often stylised zoomorphic and anthropomorphic and nautical motifs. It was produced in an as yet unidentified workshop in North Africa or the Iberian Peninsula. The pottery analysed was found in an archaeological excavation in the Barrio Andalusi of Almería (south-east of Spain). Technologically, the ceramics are fairly homogeneous, with copper-green and manganese-brown pigments applied over the raw tin glaze filled with large undissolved quartz particles. The use of quartz is consistent with a Fatimid-Zirid contribution from Ifriqiya, the use of tin is consistent with an Andalusi Umayyad-Taifas contribution, and the green and brown colours on a white ground to either Ifriqiya or Andalusi. Our study has shown that the use of quartz on the decorated glazed surface is not related to the need for an opacifier, but rather to the need for a highly viscous melt that limits the spread of the pigments during the firing allowing a finer and more detailed drawing. This fusion of different techniques has been identified for the first time. It is intriguing from the historical point of view of medieval technology, and provides the first insights into understanding the technological transfers and technical solutions that took place in the Mediterranean basin during this period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02040-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological variability in El Castillo cave during MIS 4","authors":"Irene González-Molina,&nbsp;José-Manuel Maíllo-Fernández,&nbsp;Manuel Vaquero,&nbsp;Ana Neira,&nbsp;Federico Bernaldo de Quirós,&nbsp;Juan Marín","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02041-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02041-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The variability in Neanderthal behaviour is one of the key debates in Middle Palaeolithic archaeology. Here we present the analysis of the lithic industry from a unit at one of Europe’s main Palaeolithic sites: El Castillo Cave. Unit XXf1.1, dated to the beginning of MIS 4, is an example of human occupation during a period of population decrease. In this assemblage, the technology is organised with the aim of obtaining the largest possible blanks in an environment in which small-sized raw materials predominate, with the presence of imported tools and clear differences in the management of different raw materials. This assemblage is characterized by the predominance of centripetal exploitation methods, and there is only a small number of blanks with laminar tendency, and cleavers. From all this we can observe how Neanderthals were able to find ways to achieve their specific objectives, planning their behaviour to overcome the limitations imposed by the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02041-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early cast iron processing technology in central China: scientific analysis on the iron artefacts from Ouerping site, Shanxi Province, ca.400BC-200BC","authors":"Guisen Zou,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Zhibin Jia,&nbsp;Jianfeng Cui","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02024-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ouerping site, an important excavation archaeological site unearthed in 2017 in Jinzhong city, Shanxi province, China, dates back to the Warring States period. Metallographic, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and energy dispersion-type X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis of the site’s iron artefacts revealed that they were made of two types of materials: hypereutectic white iron and cast iron annealed products. Among them, the cast iron is hypereutectic white iron, and the annealed products include decarburized cast iron, cast iron decarburized steel (wrought iron) and ductile cast iron. For the first time, ductile cast iron products were discovered in Shanxi. According to the age of each layer of the site, the craftsman has mastered the cast iron annealed and decarbonization technology since the middle of the Warring States period, and applied it to tools and weapons. Combined with the iron artefacts storage of the site and the construction of building foundations, the iron solid-decarburised production has reached a certain scale, played an important role in social and economic development. The site is rich in solid-decarburised products and has strong time continuity, and the study of them not only reveals the technical connotation of iron production in this area, but also provides important materials for studying the development of cast iron Processing technology and social development in Shanxi and even in ancient China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lucky strike: testing the utility of manganese dioxide powder in Neandertal percussive fire making","authors":"Andrew C. Sorensen","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02047-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02047-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late Middle Palaeolithic Neandertals in France are known to have engaged in the collection and grinding of black minerals rich in manganese dioxide (MnO₂), generally presumed for symbolic use as powdered pigments. However, lab-based experiments conducted by Heyes and colleagues (Sci Rep 6: 22159, 2016) have shown that the addition of powdered MnO₂ to wood turnings both reduces the temperature required for combustion by ca. 80–180 °C and significantly increases the rate of combustion. This special pyrotechnic property of powdered MnO₂ may have been observed and leveraged by Neandertals to aid in fire making—a technology known to Neandertals in this region by at least 50,000 years ago. To test this idea, a series of actualistic fire-making experiments were performed to determine the practical applicability of MnO₂ as a tinder-enhancing additive. The flint-and-pyrite percussive fire-making method was employed to produce sparks that were directed onto eight different types of tinder common to temperate Northwest Europe to determine if and to what degree the addition of MnO₂ powder improved their ability to capture sparks that then propagate into glowing embers. The results show that MnO₂ does indeed considerably improve the ignition efficiency of tinder material over untreated tinder, both in terms of the point of first ignition and the total number of ignitions achieved. It was observed, however, that the incidental addition of pyrite dust onto a tinder over the course of an experiment also appeared to improve its ability to capture sparks. Supplemental experiments using tinder pre-mixed with powdered pyrite confirmed this hypothesis, suggesting pyrite powder similarly expedites fire production. While this finding may raise questions regarding the need for collecting MnO₂ for this purpose, its potential utility may lie in (1) its relative softness compared to pyrite, making it much easier to grind or scrape into powder, and (2) the greater potential for MnO₂-bearing deposits to yield larger quantities of usable raw material compared to pyrite-bearing outcrops, making it relatively more abundant in some areas. Thus, when available, it is clear that adding MnO₂ to tinder would have noticeably reduced the time and energy required to produce fire, making it a potentially novel Neandertal innovation complementary to the fire-making process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02047-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141864279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is not crystal clear: “nuances” in the selection of raw materials for Iron Age translucent glass revealed by chemical analyses of beads from central Italy","authors":"Oleh Yatsuk,&nbsp;Leonie Koch,&nbsp;Lorena Carla Giannossa,&nbsp;Annarosa Mangone,&nbsp;Giacomo Fiocco,&nbsp;Marco Malagodi,&nbsp;Astrik Gorghinian,&nbsp;Marco Ferretti,&nbsp;Patrizia Davit,&nbsp;Alessandro Re,&nbsp;Alessandro Lo Giudice,&nbsp;Cristiano Iaia,&nbsp;Monica Gulmini","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02038-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02038-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Iron Age was a period of change, with many innovations in the glass-making technology. The chemical composition of the set of objects considered in the present study demonstrates the diversity of the raw materials used and the depth of knowledge about the manipulation of glass appearance in the eighth-sixth centuries BCE. The study was carried out using fibre optics reflection spectroscopy and portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry at the museums’ premises to examine a large number of glass beads and preliminarily group them on the basis of their composition and spectral characteristics. In addition, a smaller set of selected samples was analysed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to provide a comprehensive chemical characterisation of the material. The compositional data indicated that the samples belonged to the high magnesium and low magnesium glass compositional types. Only one sample was recognised as low magnesium medium potassium glass. Glasses within each group were made from different sands, suggesting different provenances. Some of the samples were suggested to be of local origin, while the others were interpreted as imported glass. Evidence of glass colouring, decolouring and recycling are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02038-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pottery use across the Neolithic transition in northern Belgium: evidence from isotopic, molecular and microscopic analysis","authors":"Dimitri Teetaert,&nbsp;Marieke Vannoorenberghe,&nbsp;Thomas Van de Velde,&nbsp;Mathieu Boudin,&nbsp;Samuel Bodé,&nbsp;Lucy Kubiak-Martens,&nbsp;Mathijs Baert,&nbsp;Frederic Lynen,&nbsp;Philippe Crombé,&nbsp;Pascal Boeckx","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02030-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02030-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study represents the first extensive residue analysis of prehistoric pottery from northern Belgium. It examines pottery use and culinary practices across the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition, from the late 6th to the early 4th millennium cal BC. Residue analyses were performed on more than 200 samples from nine archaeological sites, representing different cultural groups from this transitional phase. This includes the analysis of charred food residues encrusted on the vessel surfaces by elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), stereomicroscopic analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), as well as the analysis of absorbed lipids by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This study provides the first evidence of ruminant dairy fats in Early Neolithic Limburg pottery, supporting the hypothesis that this pottery was produced and used by LBK farmers rather than hunter-gatherer populations. The first indigenous pottery of the Swifterbant culture was frequently used to process freshwater fish (often together with plant foods) and ruminant meat, although several of the studied vessels likely contained mixtures of resources which could also include porcine products. Ruminant dairy is nearly absent from this pottery. Similar results were obtained for pottery of the subsequent Michelsberg culture/Group of Spiere of the late 5th and early 4th millennium cal BC. The limited presence of ruminant dairy fats in this pottery contrasts with the findings for Middle Neolithic pottery from neighbouring regions, providing further evidence for the existence of regional variations in pottery use or culinary practices throughout prehistoric NW Europe. However, our current view of pottery use during the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in northern Belgium might be biased by the difficulties in distinguishing between wild and domesticated ruminant adipose fats as well as in detecting plant foods through lipid residue analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02030-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further investigation into the impact of manuring on stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) values in pulses: a four-year experiment examining Celtic bean (Vicia faba)","authors":"Edward R. Treasure,&nbsp;Darren R. Gröcke,&nbsp;Jonathan J. Lester,&nbsp;Rosie R. Bishop,&nbsp;Samuel E. Jackson,&nbsp;Mike J. Church","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02045-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02045-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope values can be used to directly investigate crop husbandry practices such as manuring; a key variable in understanding the scale and intensity of past farming practices. We present new results from a four-year experiment examining the impact of manuring on the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of a heritage cultivar of the broad or faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>), the ‘Celtic black broad bean’. This paper builds upon our previous pilot study (Treasure ER, Church MJ, Gröcke DR (2016) The influence of manuring on stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in Celtic bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.): archaeobotanical and palaeodietary implications. Archaeol Anthropol 8:555–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0243-6). Our results indicate that manuring increased δ¹⁵N values in beans, with a mean value of 0.5 ± 0.4‰ in control samples compared to a mean value of 2.1 ± 1.3‰ in the most intensively manured plots. It was not always possible to distinguish between an unmanured and manured crop on the basis of δ¹⁵N values, although manured crops consistently exhibited larger variation in δ¹⁵N. Bean δ¹³C values show no clear relationship with manuring, although large variability (&gt; 3‰) was found within crops cultivated under the same conditions. Manuring also increased plant biomass production, seed-size and the bean per plant ratio. Overall, we suggest that high δ¹⁵N values (&gt; 1.5‰) in archaeobotanical remains of pulses can be attributed to small-scale, intensive cultivation that is typical of gardens where manuring rates are very intensive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02045-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the spatial imprint of hominin and carnivore accumulations in Early Pleistocene African sites","authors":"Amanda Merino-Pelaz,&nbsp;Lucía Cobo-Sánchez,&nbsp;Elia Organista,&nbsp;Enrique Baquedano,&nbsp;Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02020-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reconstructions of palimpsest formation and dynamics in Early Pleistocene African archaeological deposits have undergone significant advances thanks to taphonomic research. However, the spatial imprint of different agents implicated in most of these accumulations still needs to be addressed. We hypothesize that different site formation dynamics may yield diverse spatial distributions of archaeological remains, reflecting the intervention of different agents (i.e., hominins, felids, hyaenids) in palimpsests. This study aims to investigate the spatial patterns of archaeological remains in a selected sample of Early Pleistocene accumulations with the goal of understanding and characterizing their spatial dynamics. Building on previous taphonomic interpretations of twelve paradigmatic archaeological deposits from Olduvai Bed I (FLK Zinj 22 A, PTK 22 A, DS 22B, FLK N 1–2 to 5, FLK NN 3, DK 1–3) and Koobi Fora (FxJj50, FxJj20 East and FxJj20 Main), we explore the spatial patterns of remains statistically and use hierarchical clustering on principal components analysis (HCPC) to group the highest-density spots at these sites based on a number of spatial variables. The results of this approach show that despite sharing a similar inhomogeneous pattern, anthropogenic sites and assemblages where carnivores played the main role display fundamentally different spatial features. Both types of spatial distributions also show statistical differences from modern hunter-gatherer campsites. Additional taphonomic particularities and differing formation processes of the analyzed accumulations also appear reflected in the classifications. This promising approach reveals crucial distinctions in spatial imprints related to site formation and agents’ behavior, prompting further exploration of advanced spatial statistical techniques for characterizing archaeological intra-site patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02020-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}