Narodonaselenie最新文献

{"title":"Scientific and practical conference “Medical personnel: a look into the future”","authors":"Olga Aleksandrova, Elena Medvedeva, Olga Makhrova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"-","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commuting in Russia: scale and consequences","authors":"Anastasia Sokolova, Olga Kalachikova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the scale of such a phenomenon as commuting according to the data of the All-Russian Population Census 2020 and Labor Force Sample Survey by Rosstat. The authors examined and systematized the consequences of commuting, which can be represented at three levels: at the level of territory, employer and employee, which can have both negative and positive impacts. For the recipient territory, commuting migrants become a source of labor resources and tax revenue that can be assessed positively. Increase in the burden on the transport infrastructure, the environment, and inaccuracies in assessing the demographic potential can be considered as conditionally negative. At the level of the employer, commuting solves stuffing problems; commuting migrants do not have a special status, so the employer may bear the risks of violating labor discipline, which are regulated in a general manner. With regard to the level of worker, assessment of the consequences depends on the life context, which determines the balance of advantages and costs of such an employment strategy, namely: wage size, position and status, duration of movement and distance to work, family circumstances, necessary or voluntary character of trips. In the final part of the article, the authors present a methodology for assessing the economic consequences of long-distance commuting for Russian regions.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of credit behavior of Russian youth: trends and risks","authors":"Aziza Yarasheva, Natalia Alikperova, Dmitry Markov","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the current aspects of the credit behavior of Russians, including changes in the volume of borrowings over the past 4 years, as well as the dynamics of indebtedness, including overdue loans. Based on the results of the author’s sociological research (two measurements — in 2022 and 2023), the features of active actions and attitudes of young people in the field of debt behavior are identified. The analysis showed strengthening of the vector on the willingness to involve this age group of the population in credit practices. There was carried out a comparison of the attitudes of young people regarding the conditions under which evasion of obligations to repay debts is justified: 1) debts to credit institutions; 2) to relatives and acquaintances. The views of Russian youth on the censure for such evasion practices in Russian society are examined. The survey results show that the presence of a loan agreement of respondents contributes to formation of a more responsible behavior regarding compliance with payment deadlines, in contrast to the situation of the absence of debt (only with the intention to enter into debt relations). The position of young people in relation to the violation of loan repayment terms is different in different groups: the youngest respondents (17–20 years old) see more reasons for the possibility of non-repayment of the loan. Among the reasons why it is permissible, in the opinion of young people, not to repay debts, the most compelling for respondents are the situations when the loan was issued by fraudsters without the consent of the person himself (67%), in case of serious health problems and the need to spend on treatment (38%), if the lender increased the interest on the loan unilaterally (34%), in case of job loss (26%). Credit risks typical not only for young people, but also for all age groups of Russians are highlighted: deterioration of the “credit quality” of borrowers and risks of breach of obligations (non-payment and violation of repayment terms) on loans due to a decrease in real income.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the regional differentiation factors of indicators of electricity consumption by the population of Russia","authors":"Elena Ryumina","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the attitude of the population to energy conservation is considered as one of the characteristics of human potential. A strong differentiation of the indicator of electricity consumption by the population by countries and Russian regions is shown, a number of factors influencing the identified differences are analyzed. Hypothetically, the following seven factors are identified: climate; average per capita income of the population; rate of poverty; proportion of people with higher education; ratio of urban and rural population; age structure of the population; level of gasification of the housing stock. The information for analysis was taken not only from the federal statistical collections, but also for each region, that made data collecting very difficult. Correlations between the per capita electricity consumption by the population and these factors are determined. It is shown that people are more inclined to save their electricity costs than the electric energy itself, i.e. electricity tariffs for the population play a decisive role in stimulating energy saving. Per capita electricity costs have a positive relationship with average per capita income and a negative relationship with poverty rate. The rural population consumes less electricity per capita than the urban population. The impact of the population age structure on per capita energy consumption was found: the higher the proportion of the able-bodied population, the lower the electricity consumption, and vice versa, energy consumption is higher in regions with a larger proportion of the older generation. Due to the different levels of gasification by regions, the sample, formed from the regions with approximately the same level of gasification of the housing stock, was separately studied. The results of the correlation analysis of this sample turned out to differ little from the results obtained for all 85 regions. The exception was the relationship between the volume of electricity consumption and the level of higher education — in the sample there was a much closer negative relationship between these indicators.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VI International scientific and practical conference: Rimashevskaya readings “Saving russian population: health, employment, standards and quality of life”","authors":"Valentina Dobrokhleb, Irina Milovanova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"-","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern demographic problems of the Republic of Tuva","authors":"Shonchalay Soyan","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article gives an assessment of modern demographic problems in the border region of Russia — the Republic of Tuva. The results of the study are presented by methods of grouping, generalization, comparative, structural, logical and statistical analysis, graphic method. The empirical basis for theoretical generalizations and practical developments was the data of Rosstat, Krasnoyarsk State Statistics Service, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tuva and others. The Republic of Tuva has a high birth rate (20.0‰) (2nd place in 2021 among the regions of Russia after the Chechen Republic (20.1‰), exceeding the mortality rate of the population, which looks favorably against the all-Russian background. Nevertheless, according to the results of the study of demographic processes in the republic, unfavorable trends in the demographic situation have also been revealed: a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in mortality rate, a decrease in the population of the majority of kozhuuns (municipal districts). By 2021, in comparison with 2000, there was a decrease in the population in 10 of 17 kozhuuns of the republic. Of particular concern is migration outflow, which is the main factor of the decline in the population of the border kozhuuns of the Republic of Tuva. The conducted forecasting for the short term showed a slight increase in the population of Tuva. The cluster analysis made it possible to identify the kozhuuns with the most favorable, deteriorating and unfavorable demographic situation. Favorable demographic situation is observed only in the city of Kyzyl — the capital of the Republic of Tuva. A relatively favorable demographic characteristic is observed only in 6 kozhuuns of the republic. The risks of population decline are observed in 5 kozhuuns. 7 kozhuuns of Tuva are marked by an unfavorable demographic situation.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia’s demographic future: forecasts and reality","authors":"Leonid Rybakovsky","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article refers to the forecast as a tool to suggest a possible demographic development, which may occur either by itself as a result of the continuation of the current trends, or as a result of the implementation of measures specially taken for this purpose. The history of the development of demographic forecasting, its implementation in the Soviet years and in modern Russia is briefly shown. The practical significance of reliable forecasts for Russia, whose population growth is one of the conditions for preserving its independence, territorial integrity and status as a Great Power, is highlighted. The article expresses the author’s opinion regarding the multivariate forecasts in the demographic sphere and the use of methods that are not peculiar to social phenomena, such as population. Much attention is paid to characteristics of the forecasts compiled by Rosstat and its predecessor Goskomstat of Russia, their comparison with UN forecasts, comparison with the actual population. The final part of the article compares various versions of modern forecasts of Rosstat, substantiates the need to implement those of them that correspond to the practical interests of the country and its regions. The conclusions emphasize that one of the omissions of Rosstat is the use for practical purposes of the so-called average version of the population forecast, which it considers the most realistic. How to achieve implementation of the normative option for the country, if the regions are focused on achieving the population size according to the average option? If we proceed from the strategic goal of Russia’s demographic development, it is obvious that for this, in addition to the forecast— extrapolation, which shows what will happen if the current trends continue, only a normative forecast is needed that indicates the necessary parameters of the population dynamics, corresponding to the national interests of the country.Therefore, for the regions, their population sizes corresponding to high options should be brought up, since only the sum of these values in all regions corresponds to the normative forecast for Russia. This option, rather than the middle one, is or should be provided by the necessary set of population policies.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in China’s demographic policy in 2010–2021","authors":"Shaofu Wang, Xianning Jia, Svetlana Mishchuk","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The demographic situation in China at the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st centuries was characterized by transformations concerning both the general dynamics of the population, and the changes in the age, gender, and educational structures. At the beginning of the 21st century, China’s demographic policy measures evolved significantly. The main objective of this study is to identify the priority directions of demographic policy including support for the birth rate at the present stage. The article presents results of the analysis of the main demographic indicators, proposes a typology of the factors of the current demographic situation including historical, ideological and material backgrounds. The second part of the artivle provides an analysis of the main measures aimed at supporting the birth rate at the country level as a whole, and in separate provinces. The analysis is based on the regulatory documents concerning the birth rate policy in China in the period from 2010 to 2021, as well as the data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China. It is shown that during the past decade in China the family planning and birth control have been replaced by an active policy of stimulating the birth rate. Financial instruments play an important role in shaping the main areas of birth support. In addition, much attention is paid by the state to the issue of expanding the childcare infrastructure, educational institutions, creating preferential conditions for women with children in the field of employment, etc.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"V International scientific and practical conference “Social dynamics of population and human potential”","authors":"Inna Nazarova, Sofia Lyalikova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.17","url":null,"abstract":"-","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future risk in Japanese parents raising children with special needs","authors":"Naoya Hakumura","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines relationships in married couples raising children with special needs — children requiring medical care, from an economic point of view in the context of parental employment. There is an opinion that the burden of parents with children requiring medical care who are close to being a “handicapped child” is so heavy, that the couple’s relationship can be jeopardized. How does the parents’ employment relate to the burden of parenting and how does it affect the couple’s relationship? The research method is a survey of married couples with children throughout Japan (conducted in 2021). The questionnaire consisted of two parts: with multiple choice questions and open-ended questions. The multiple choice questions dealt with (1) family structure: number of persons in the household including number of children requiring medical care and their age, (2) parental employment, and (3) marital relationship (division of housework and childcare, communication between parents, frequency and reasons for fights). In considering how parents work, terms such as “shared responsibility” for dual-income families and “isolation” and “cooperation” for single-income families were key words in considering sustainable marital relations. The open-ended questions part shows what is necessary for the parents to maintain a sustainable relationship. In this paper we come to the conclusion that one of the reasons for troubles that the parents face is the fact that the definition of the term “children requiring medical care” is too broad. We suggested that this term should be subdivided so that administrative support could be spread widely, and that support should be tailored to the family’s lifestyle (e.g., career and other parental needs).","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}