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Social well-being in coronacrisis: Who took the brunt of it? 冠状病毒危机中的社会福祉:谁首当其冲?

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.8

Dmitry Loginov

{"title":"Social well-being in coronacrisis: Who took the brunt of it?","authors":"Dmitry Loginov","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Basing on the data from the representative sociological survey held by the Institute of Social Analysis and Forecasting RANEPA in March 2021, the socio-economic difficulties faced by various groups of the Russian population during the pandemic year were studied. It was found out that the negative trend of financial well-being rather widely characterizing Russians was most widespread among the middle-aged Russians and among those holding the lowest employment positions. The practice of consumer savings, which is slightly differentiated by demographic groups, is in the highest degree (at the level higher than 80%) related to those who have low financial status and significant loan burden. Two thirds of the working respondents, primarily representatives of management-level, faced a variety of problems in the sphere of employment caused by the specifics of the crisis context. Mass shift to a remote format of employment which became quite successful as a situational adaptive mechanism has turned out to be associated with decrease in work productivity and comfort of working duties performance. More than half of the respondents faced changes in habitual recreational and leisure practices, and 23% of them—significant changes. Women, representatives of the most active youth cohort and dwellers of megacities perceive these changes most acutely. The period under consideration is characterized by significant negative dynamics in interpersonal trust beyond the “nearest circle” in all socio-demographic groups of the population. Social interactions of Russians are mostly developed within “the nearest circle of communication”, firstly—with relatives; the level of trust and hope for help in case of need from governmental and public institutes is much lower. Representatives of the least resource-rich groups of the population show a lower level of involvement in the networks of potential social support that further limits the adaptation potential of the vulnerable strata of population.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demographic situation in China and its potential influence on the Chinese economy 中国的人口状况及其对中国经济的潜在影响

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.5

Kirill Babaev

{"title":"Demographic situation in China and its potential influence on the Chinese economy","authors":"Kirill Babaev","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the origins of the current demographic situation in China, its perception in Western scientific and expert circles, as well as the measures of today’s demographic policy of the PRC authorities and forecasts for further changes in the structure of the Chinese economy in the context of the “second demographic transition” taking place in the country. The main phases in the demographic policy of China since the creation of the PRC are briefly described: from the active encouragement of fertility in the 1950s and 1960s to the “one family — one child” policy of severe restrictions (1980–2015) and then return to the encouragement of fertility. It is shown that the current demographic policy of the Chinese authorities not only meets the economic needs but also has a social and ideological dimension, returning the country to traditional Confucian ideas of the role of population growth as a factor of the country’s power and prosperity. At the same time, the measures of the present Chinese authorities do not demonstrate a high level of efficiency and are unlikely to reverse the trend of the demographic transition. Still the paper concludes that the forecasts of some experts about the inevitable loss of growth momentum in the Chinese economy in the context of the natural population decline that began in 2022 cannot be considered fully realistic. China actually follows the global trend of transition to a “plateau” in population growth, as gradually becoming one of developed economies of the world. China’s future political and economic influence in the world will depend rather on the quality than on the size of its population and labor force.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeted allowances for children aged 3–7 and 8–17: accessibility, effectiveness and lessons for unified benefit 针对3-7岁和8-17岁儿童的定向津贴:可及性、有效性和统一受益的课程

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.7

Elena Grishina, Elena Tsatsura

{"title":"Targeted allowances for children aged 3–7 and 8–17: accessibility, effectiveness and lessons for unified benefit","authors":"Elena Grishina, Elena Tsatsura","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Families with children can receive monthly payments of a substantial amount (from 50% to 100% of the child’s subsistence minimum). In January 2023, a unified benefit for children was introduced, extending to all categories of the child population the rules of monthly payments provided to low-income families with children aged 3–7 and 8–17. Based on 5 waves of telephone surveys conducted by RANEPA in the period from October 2021 to November 2022, as well as an analysis of comments from Internet sources, the article analyzes the risk of poverty for families with children from 3 to 17 years of age, accessibility of social support, coverage and effectiveness of monthly payments for children aged 3–17. It is shown that households with children aged 3–17 have 1.5 times higher risk of poverty that rises with an increase in the number of children, as well as in the presence of the unemployed, and living in rural areas. By the end of 2022, more than 20% of households with children of this age were covered by payments in question, among families with 3 and more children — 47%. At the same time, less than half of poor households with children aged 3–17 are covered by these payments. Due to provision of payments, the share of poor households decreased in November 2022 by 1.18 times. Several factors remain, which lead to significant exclusion errors that reduces the impact of the monthly payments on poverty. When switching to the unified benefit for children from 0 to 17 years of age, it is important to take into account the experience of providing support for children aged 3–7 and 8–17 in order to make timely adjustments that will increase the coverage of needy families and raise the impact of the benefit on poverty.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institution of certification of medical workers: the reasons for dysfunction 医务人员资格认证制度:功能障碍的原因

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.13

Olga Kolennikova

{"title":"Institution of certification of medical workers: the reasons for dysfunction","authors":"Olga Kolennikova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"Institutions of qualification assessment in the field of medicine are designed for improving the level of qualification of medical specialists, and as a result for providing quality medical care. One of them is certification of medical workers for the qualification category. Certification was introduced into the Soviet healthcare system, but in recent years, the interest of doctors in obtaining the category has significantly weakened. This actualizes clarification of the causes of the situation. The article makes a retrospective analysis involving a wide range of sources of the regulatory and statistical information and presents an assessment of the factors of this phenomenon by medical specialists themselves, obtained during their questionnaire survey in organizations of Moscow. The obtained results showed that the dysfunction of the certification institute was caused by a complex of internal and external factors. First of all, there was a failure in the mechanism of material incentives, directly related to the general system of remuneration in the public sector of the economy. Due to the work overload, the conditions for preparing for certification activities have deteriorated significantly, the interest of managers in having workers of the category has decreased, and the prestige of the category itself, especially among young cadres, has fallen. Therefore, without taking special measures, the institute of certification for the qualification category is threatened with deinstitutionalization. The key areas of the necessary changes are revision of the operating mode with reservation of the required time for additional professional training, as well as organizational combination of the certification and accreditation examination procedures. The restoration of the effectiveness of material incentives for the category can be expected with the introduction of a new wage system in the public sector of medicine, but the start of its testing has been postponed again until 2025.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opinions of Russian townspeople about involvement of protected natural areas in their life 俄罗斯城镇居民对自然保护区在他们生活中的参与的看法

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.10

Tatyana Melnikova, Lidia Portnova, Natalya Obidovskaya, Karina Prikhodko

{"title":"Opinions of Russian townspeople about involvement of protected natural areas in their life","authors":"Tatyana Melnikova, Lidia Portnova, Natalya Obidovskaya, Karina Prikhodko","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Along the development of specially protected natural areas (SPNA), many urban areas are also deeply saturated with them. SPNAs can play an important role in the local economic and social development, however, the methodology for studying the involvement of SPNAs in the local population life is not well developed that determined the purpose of the paper. It is proposed, on the basis of a survey of the population living in the territories adjacent to the SPNA, and within the region, to identify the features of the cultural, recreation and economic behavior of citizens in the protected areas. The methodology was tested in the urban districts of Orenburg, Bryansk and Krasnodar. As a result of the survey, the opinion of the population about specific SPNAs in urban districts was revealed. On average, SPNAs are visited by 20% to 40% of the local residents, who mostly stay in SPNAs for 3–5 hours. More than half of local visitors to protected areas use catering services. Payment for sports and recreation services is more typical for residents of Orenburg and Bryansk. According to local residents, they spend an average of 1.1 to 3.6 thousand rubles per visit to protected areas. According to the frequency of visits to protected areas declared by people, the cost per month can range from 13 rubles to 7.9 thousand rubles. Taking into account the data of economic statistics and the results of the survey, the annual expenditures of local residents on protected areas were estimated, which in Orenburg made 1.4 billion rubles (or 0.9% of the income of the city population), in Bryansk — 2.1 billion rubles (or 1.6%) of the income), and in Krasnodar — 8.7 billion rubles (or 1.7% of the income). The approach of analytical processing of survey results and comparison of different sources of information, proposed by the authors, makes it possible to expand data on municipalities.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Threshold of old age: objective signs and subjective perception 老年门槛:客观标志与主观感知

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.11

Anatoly Antonov, Inna Nazarova, Vera Karpova, Sofia Lyalikova

{"title":"Threshold of old age: objective signs and subjective perception","authors":"Anatoly Antonov, Inna Nazarova, Vera Karpova, Sofia Lyalikova","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Population aging is a demographic trend characteristic of most world countries, it requires attention from various social institutions. The situation of the growing number of older people around the world increases the relevance of studying this issue. The article aggregates data from different sources that determine the boundaries of the onset of old age based on various theoretical and methodological approaches. It also shows the proportion of old people in the demographic structure of the Russian population in accordance with the chosen approaches. It is shown that the most popular age of the onset of old age, reflected in theoretical concepts, is within the range of 60–65 years. The article presents the results of the authors’ study, which covered 1198 respondents from more than 65 regions of the Russian Federation (organized by Lomonosov Moscow State University together with ISESP FCTAS RAS in 2022). During the analysis of the data obtained, some inconsistencies were found between the boundaries fixed in scientific discourse and the ideas of the study participants about the moment of the onset of old age. The results obtained showed the absence of significant differences in ideas about the moment of old age for men and women (69.4 and 68.0 years, respectively). There is a tendency to postpone the age of old age with an increase in the age of respondent. A correlation between the actual and psychological age of old age showed that “premature” aging (when a person recognizes himself as old, before he exceeds the age of old age he named) is found in more than half of the respondents who associate themselves with older people.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional features of the demographic processes in the Russian-Kazakh cross-border regions 俄罗斯-哈萨克边境地区人口进程的区域特征

Narodonaselenie Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.19181/population.2023.26.3.3

Aleksandr Sokolov, Oksana Rudneva

{"title":"Regional features of the demographic processes in the Russian-Kazakh cross-border regions","authors":"Aleksandr Sokolov, Oksana Rudneva","doi":"10.19181/population.2023.26.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of new borders has transformed the adjacent territories of Russia and Kazakhstan into a new political and socio-economic space. The purpose of the work is to analyze demographic processes with the account of the territorial features of the Russian-Kazakh border area in the conditions of modern political, economic and social integrations. The use of methods of economic and statistical analysis made it possible to identify the vector and dynamics of the demographic processes in the adjacent border territories. Based on the analysis of spatial differentiation of population changes by administrative entities of the Russian-Kazakh cross–border area in the period 1989–2021, there were identified six regional groups with different character of the demographic situation — from critical to most favorable. As a result of the analysis of demographic indicators, significant differences were revealed depending on the level of the studied territories. At the macro level, on both sides of the Russian-Kazakh border, there is generally a similar demographic situation both in its orientation and in the relative values of the main demographic indicators. At the meso level, there is a multidirectional dynamics of regional indicators. The leaders of population growth are mainly resource-producing regions. The regions, in which the population has decreased most of all, are adjacent border territories, between which there is a low asymmetry of indicators and almost complete synchronicity of the ongoing processes. At the micro level, comparing cities and districts, there are significant contrasts in almost all demographic indicators. Moreover, in the Kazakh part of the border area, these differences are more significant. In general, there is the same trend throughout the border regions — the population is moving to more developed areas — from depressed rural areas to district centers and small towns, from small and medium-sized cities to large regional centers and big cities.","PeriodicalId":82065,"journal":{"name":"Narodonaselenie","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0