Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -最新文献_第3页

Motywy matematyczne na frontyspisach siedemnastowiecznego polskiego piśmiennictwa techniczno-wojskowego

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.017.17879

J. Rodzeń

{"title":"Motywy matematyczne na frontyspisach siedemnastowiecznego polskiego piśmiennictwa techniczno-wojskowego","authors":"J. Rodzeń","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.017.17879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.017.17879","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze (from autopsy) mathematical motifs in the frontispieces to selected seventeenth-century Polish technical-military treatises (by Adam Freytag, Kazimierz Siemienowicz and Józef Naronowicz-Naroński). The frontispiece is considered here an iconographic source for the history of science and technology. The rationale for investigating this topic is the process of the progressive mathematization of technical knowledge in Europe in the 15th-18th centuries. It is the first study of this subject with regard to Polish technical-military writing. Only one other article is devoted to this issue (Delphine Schreuder, When Mars Meets Euclid. The Relationship between War and Mathematical Sciences in Frontispecies of Fortification Treatises, 2021), but it does not cover the works of Polish authors. There are also several general studies (mainly in art or architectural history) on frontispieces to fortification treaties (Armin Schlechter, Engraved Title Pages of Fortification Manuals, 2014, Jeroen Goudeau, Harnessed Heroes: Mars, the Title-page, and the Dutch Stadtholders, 2016). The analysis of the typographic compositions of the discussed frontispieces revealed three main motifs: 1. the connection between the art of war and mathematical knowledge, as far as the knowledge of fortification and artillery is concerned; 2. the degree to which those disciplines - both of which combine the practice of the battlefield with theory - were mathematicized; 3. the crucial importance of drafting and measuring instruments for these sciences. The article’s final section addresses the issue of the rhetorical and persuasive function of the frontispieces.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77305599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jak (nie) pisać o Mikołaju Koperniku - refleksje na marginesie nowych biografii

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.020.17882

Barbara Bienias

引用次数: 0

Od noża do nitki: zarys historii rozwoju narzędzi chirurgicznych

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.018.17880

Arkadiusz Lipka

引用次数: 0

Demon aktywizmu. Mieczysław Choynowski prekursor polskiej psychometrii, red. Maryla Goszczyńska, współpraca Ewa Goryńska i Elżbieta Strojna, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar, Warszawa 2022, ss. 347.

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.022.17884

C. Domański

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Biografia inżyniera Jerzego Budzyńskiego (1892-1979) na podstawie zasobu archiwalnego Instytutu Badawczego Dróg i Mostów

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.015.17877

M. Mistewicz

{"title":"Biografia inżyniera Jerzego Budzyńskiego (1892-1979) na podstawie zasobu archiwalnego Instytutu Badawczego Dróg i Mostów","authors":"M. Mistewicz","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.015.17877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.015.17877","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the life of Jerzy Budzyński, born in 1892 in Warsaw, a student of the gymnasium branch of the Warsaw E. Konopczyński School, a student of the Belgian University of Liège, and a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. Fragments of his unpublished diary show how Polish independence organizations were formed in the early 20th century: the Association of Polish Progressive and Independence Youth “Filarecja”, the Union of Active Struggle, the Riflemen’s Association, and the Polish Military Organization. The content of the justifications for the applications for the threetime decoration of the Cross of Valor document Jerzy Budzyński’s participation in the capture of the Mokotów Airport in Warsaw in November 1918 and the self-sacrificing fight in defense of Łomża against the Soviet III Cavalry Corps of Gai-Khan (Gai Dmitrievich Bzhishkyan), at the end of July 1920. During the interwar period, Budzyński was the head of the Road Traffic Division of the Road Department in the Ministry of Transport, creating conditions for the development of road transport and the construction of modern roads in Poland. After the war, as the head of the Poviat Road Administration in Grójec, he rebuilt roads and bridges, e.g. using bridge structures donated by the United Nations Relief and Reconstruction Administration (UNRRA). Budzyński ended his professional career working at the Central Research and Development Center for Road Technology (currently the Road and Bridge Research Institute) as the manager of the Center for the Scientific, Technical and Economic Information and Documentation, disseminating world achievements in road technology in Poland. Jerzy Budzyński’s personal file has been preserved in the archives of the Road and Bridge Research Institute, containing source documents of great value for research on the history of Poland in the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81234372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Duchowni w historii botaniki w Polsce

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.014.17876

P. Köhler

{"title":"Duchowni w historii botaniki w Polsce","authors":"P. Köhler","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.014.17876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.014.17876","url":null,"abstract":"Clerical persons conducted a variety of botanical research in Poland and Polish lands. The purpose of this article is to describe their achievements in this field of science. No comprehensive study of the clergy’s contribution to the development of this branch of science has been made so far. The study is based on the biographies of botanists and amateur botanists from The Biographical Dictionary of Polish Botanists which is being prepared for publication. The Dictionary comprises 1,773 biographies, including 69 clerical persons. Among these 69 people, the largest group form Catholic priests (21), followed by Jesuits (12, including 1 ex-Jesuit), Protestant clergy (6), and Piarists (6, including 2 ex-Piarists). The fewest were archbishops and subdeacons (1 person each). Among the botanists active in Poland and Polish lands, no clergy of non-Christian denominations were identified. The share of clergy in the total number of botanists was not substantial. They were in the majority only during the period when medical botany flourished (from the mid-14th century to the last quarter of the 16th century). Among the many branches of botany, floristics was most often practiced by the clergy, with as many as 36 people publishing works in this field, followed by ecology (14 people), popularization of botany (7 people), and phycology (5 people). Other branches of botany were less frequently practiced: medical botany and systematics – by 4, ethnobotany, phytogeography, physiology, mycology, nature conservation, and paleobotany – by 3, history of botany and pteridology – by 2, and anatomy, bryology, cytology, dendrology, lichenology, morphology, botanical engraving – by 1 person. With the increase in the number of botanists and the rapid development of experimental-laboratory branches of botany, the importance of clergy in the development of plant science in Poland has started to decline.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86567590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sprawozdanie Maksymiliana Thulliego z sytuacji w C.K. Szkole Politechnicznej (politechnice) we Lwowie w czasie rosyjskiej okupacji Lwowa w latach 1914–1915

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.019.17881

P. Rataj

引用次数: 0

Izabela Moszczeńska, Wspomnienia i listy, wstęp i oprac. Adam Fijałkowski, Magdalena Rzepka, Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa 2022, ss. 550

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.010.17413

J. Piskurewicz

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Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński – Pierre Bayle. Relacje, zależności, miejsca wspólne

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.007.17410

Paweł Pluta

{"title":"Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński – Pierre Bayle. Relacje, zależności, miejsca wspólne","authors":"Paweł Pluta","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.007.17410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.007.17410","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to analyze the scientific activity of Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński (1754–1826) concerning his research on the literature and culture of the Polish Renaissance through the prism of the achievements of Pierre Bayle (1647–1706), one of the most important representatives of modern scientific, philosophical, and encyclopedic thought. The study is based on Ossoliński’s Wiadomości historyczno-krytyczne do dziejów literatury polskiej (Historical and Critical Notes on the History of Polish Literature) and Bayle’s Dictionnaire Historique et Critique (Historical and Critical Dictionary) – works that mark many years oftheir scholarly activity. The comparative method adopted in this paper makes it possible toindicate the shared features of their endeavours: the principles of editing sources (textualcriticism), the form of presenting research results, or the title of the publication. The articleconcludes that Ossoliński clearly modelled his Wiadomości historyczno-krytyczne on Bayle’swork and sheds new light on the reception of Bayle in Poland. It also reinforces the positionOssoliński’s work holds in the Polish textual criticism canon.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81804391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spór Hilarego Szpilowskiego ze Stanisławem Zawadzkim przy budowie koszar w Kamieńcu Podolskim – uwagi inżyniera budownictwa

Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki - Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.006.17409

L. Opyrchał

{"title":"Spór Hilarego Szpilowskiego ze Stanisławem Zawadzkim przy budowie koszar w Kamieńcu Podolskim – uwagi inżyniera budownictwa","authors":"L. Opyrchał","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.006.17409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.006.17409","url":null,"abstract":"Kamieniec Podolski was the most important fortress of the Polish Republic, defending its southeastern border. Unfortunately, there were no barracks for soldiers in the fortress. Therefore, in the 1780s, their construction began. The project of Jan de Witte, an experienced and distinguished fortifier of the Kamieniec fortress, was rejected, and a new project was commissioned to a young but talented designer, Stanisław Zawadzki (1743–1806). He designed a five-wing building on a square plan, with a central wing that divided the interior into two courtyards. The building was first approved by the Polish king, Stanisław August Poniatowski, and only then they began to look for a site where it could be built. Unfortunately, it was not possible to find a suitable site, which was the reason for changing the location of the barracks several times. The construction of the barracks was entrusted to Hilary Szpilowski (1753–1827), who found many errors in the project. Zawadzki’s rare visits made necessary consultations impossible and forced Szpilowski to take independent decisions regarding changes in the building design. The Committee of the Military Department of the Perpetual Council rejected all of Szpilowski’s allegations. In this article, a detailed analysis of the solutions introduced at that time was carried out based on the preserved site maps and design drawings. It was shown that the project contained serious errors, especially the mismatch with the existing terrain, which generated a gigantic scope of earthworks, a lack of water supply and sewage disposal, and the lack of a tie beam reinforcing the building. Therefore, contrary to the opinion of the Committee of the Military Department of the Perpetual Council, the entire blame for the poorly designed barracks building and the resulting problems during construction should be placed on Stanisław Zawadzki, not Hilary Szpilowski.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73609434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0