Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -最新文献

{"title":"Jubileusz profesora Zbigniewa Wójcika","authors":"B. Kozak","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.011.17414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.011.17414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74026982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Przyrodolecznictwo wobec szczepień ochronnych na podstawie publikacji „Przewodnika Zdrowia” (1895–1914)","authors":"Anita Napierała","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.003.17406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.003.17406","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the views of natural medicine advocates regarding smallpox vaccination, based on texts in the popular Polish natural cure magazine ‘Przewodnik Zdrowia’ (‘Health Guide’), published in Berlin in 1895–1914. The article also presents theses and opinions on vaccination in one of the pamphlets issued by the ‘Przewodnik Zdrowia’ publishing house. Advocates of naturopathy in many European countries and the United States formed the backbone of the 19th-century anti-vaccination movement, and strongly opposed vaccination, appealing primarily to health and legal arguments. The article sketches the main lines of argumentation against vaccination, formulated by proponents of naturopathic treatment in the Polish journal, in the context of antivaccination views and movements of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82231935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Czynniki kulturowe i społeczno-polityczne wpływające na występowanie epidemii dżumy na obszarze Prawobrzeżnej Ukrainy i południowo-zachodnich guberni Rosji na przełomie XVIII i XIX w.","authors":"Olga Gaidai, T. Srogosz","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.002.17405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.002.17405","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural and Socio-political Factors Affecting the Occurrence of the Plague Epidemic in Right-bank Ukraine and South-western Provinces of Russia at the turn of the 19th Century\u0000\u0000The plague epidemics in Right-bank Ukraine and south-western provinces of Russia at the turn of the 19th century were caused by deficiencies in maintaining social distance and inadequate crisis management. The inadequate social distancing was caused by ongoing wars and civil unrest. The first outbreaks of the plague occurred in the territory of the Turkish state, from where it spread to Right-bank Ukraine, as well as to the provinces of the Russian Empire as a result of mobility caused mainly by wars, trade and other phenomena causing population migration (such as mercenary work). After the annexation of the Black Sea territories to Russia, returning soldiers and sailors often unwittingly brought plague from the infected south to the cities and towns of central Russia. The spread of the plague epidemic was facilitated by the efforts of the Russian commanders to limit supply disruptions to the army fighting the Turks. With the effective work of the various branches of the modern administration and the centralized management of the crisis in Right-bank Ukraine, the outbreaks were quickly contained to only a few areas. These circumstances were even more evident in the southwestern provinces of Russia, with a strong central government and its local ties.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86365781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Andrzej Dąbrowski, Magdalena Hoły-Łuczaj, Andrew Schumann, Konrad Szocik, Jan Woleński, Leksykon logików polskich 1900–1939, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2022, ss. 386.","authors":"R. Murawski","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.009.17412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.009.17412","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80953140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Komunizm w psychiatrii","authors":"K. Kosiński","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.008.17411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.008.17411","url":null,"abstract":"Grzegorz Michalik’s study is located on the borderline of the history of science, history of ideas and social history. It is based on hitherto unknown sources and periodicals from 1945–1956. The work consists of ten chapters. First, the author outlines the history of psychiatry, starting from the end of the 18th century. He shows the development of this discipline in Poland during the partitions. Later he discusses the impact of psychoanalysis and eugenics on the development of psychiatry in the first half of the 20th century. Then he presents the specifics of the Soviet model of psychiatry and the doctrine of Pavlovism developed in the 1930s and 1940s, which, according to the author, should rather be labeled as ‘Pavlovism-Lysenkoism’. The main part of the book shows the stages of the Sovietization of Polish psychiatry, including the attitudes of Polish psychiatrists (from conformism to attempts at mimicry). Methods of treatment and conditions in psychiatric hospitals are also discussed. The author puts forward the thesis that before 1956 the problems in the psychiatric treatment had not been solved. Political changes in 1956 coincided with the invention of ground-breaking drugs, which marked the beginning of a new chapter in the history of psychiatry – psychopharmacology.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80928429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pułapki i meandry. Trudności poznawcze i interpretacyjne towarzyszące badaniom przyczyn i przebiegu chorób w przeszłości","authors":"Danuta Raj, Jakub Węglorz","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.004.17407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.004.17407","url":null,"abstract":"Already in the 19th century, researchers of the history of medicine tried to reinterpret the old pathogenesis and diagnostics by framing the descriptions of past epidemics within the framework of their own scientific discourse. However, this practice has sometimes led astray both then and now due to the incompatibility of modern medical language with historical sources, often of a narrative character. In addition, researchers in the field of historical science are often not qualified enough to correctly interpret the descriptions of the symptoms and course of the epidemic. On the other hand, representatives of medical sciences dealing with the past often misinterpret sources, cutting single pieces of information out of context and building a picture that is consistent with the current state of knowledge but inconsistent with the past. Given the persistence of this problem, which has been observable in the historiography of epidemics for many decades, it is worth investigating such cases in order to identify points that are particularly vulnerable to the risk of error.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91314023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roman Pollak (1886–1972) – nowe spojrzenie. Konferencja naukowa w 50. rocznicę śmierci. 25–26 października 2022, Poznań","authors":"J. Piskurewicz","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.012.17415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.23.012.17415","url":null,"abstract":"Roman Pollak to wybitny uczony, historyk literatury polskiej, długoletni profesor Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego (od jego powstania w 1919 r. do 1972 r.). W okresie międzywojennym kierował nowopowstałą katedrą fi lologii polskiej na Uniwersytecie w Rzymie i był delegatem Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego na Włochy. Bardzo zasłużył się dla rozwoju relacji naukowych i kulturalnych polsko-włoskich. Podczas okupacji hitlerowskiej sprawował funkcję rektora tajnego Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich. Był znany jako doskonały dydaktyk, organizator nauki i ofi arny patriota. Celem konferencji, zorganizowanej pod auspicjami Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza, Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk oraz Instytutu Historii Nauki im. L. i A. Birkenmajerów PAN, było przypomnienie tej zapomnianej już postaci oraz wskazanie na nowe, mało znane sfery życia i działalności Pollaka. Uroczyste otwarcie konferencji i pierwsza sesja miały miejsce w pięknej auli UAM im. Lubrańskiego. Zebranych powitali: rektor UAM – prof. Bogumiła Kaniewska, prezes PTPN – prof. Filip Kaczmarek i kierownik Archiwum PAN Oddział w Poznaniu – dr Jarosław Matysiak. Konferencja składała się z trzech sesji. W pierwszej obszerny referat wprowadzający o życiu i działalności Pollaka wygłosił prof. Jan Piskurewicz. Z kolei o wizji Pollaka nauki w II Rzeczypospolitej mówił dr hab. Jaromir Jeszke, prof. UAM. O roli Pollaka w tworzeniu polonistyk na terenie Włoch opowiedziała z Turynu prof. Krystyna Jaworska. Także za pośrednictwem łącz internetowych o pracy Pollaka na katedrze polonistyki Sapienzy mówiła z Rzymu jego obecna następczyni na tej katedrze – prof. Monika Woźniak. Następny referat o Pollaku – jako rektorze Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich – wygłosił dr hab. Maciej Franz, prof. UAM. Pierwszą sesję zamknął referat prof. Bogusława Doparta o przyjacielskich relacjach Pollaka ze Stanisławem Pigoniem. Po dyskusji i zamknięciu sesji jej uczestnicy obejrzeli interesującą wystawę planszową poświęconą Pollakowi oraz złożyli kwiaty pod poświęconą mu tablicą w Collegium Novum. Druga sesja miała miejsce w tzw. Salonie Mickiewicza – oryginalnej sali pod kopułą na Wydziale Filologii Polskiej i Klasycznej UAM. Referaty o Pollaku jako badaczu renesansu wygłosiła prof. Katarzyna Meller, a prof. Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa mówiła o nim jako o badaczu seicenta. Z kolei prof. Beata Gromadzka zarysowała portret Pollaka jako dydaktyka uniwersyteckiego. Po przerwie kawowej referaty o kontaktach Polaka ze środowiskiem Instytutu Kultury Polskiej w Turynie wygłosiła dr Sylwia Szarejko, a o publicystyce Pollaka na łamach „Kuriera Poznańskiego” mówił dr Józef Malinowski. Pierwszy dzień Konferencji zakończony został uroczystą kolacją.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86728761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zbigniew Landowski, Arabistyka w PRL (1945–1990). Narodziny, historia, modernizacja, Wydawnictwo Episteme, Lublin 2021, ss. 690","authors":"M. Dziekan","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.041.16972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.041.16972","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86937935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prof. dr hab. Henryk Samsonowicz (1930–2021)","authors":"T. Siewierski","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.044.16975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.044.16975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87394326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmonia świata a osuszanie fekaliów. Juliusz Świecianowski i jego twórczość","authors":"Małgorzata Omilanowska-Kiljańczyk","doi":"10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.034.16965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/0023589xkhnt.22.034.16965","url":null,"abstract":"The Harmony of the World and the Drying of Faeces. Juliusz Świecianowski and His Works\u0000\u0000Juliusz Świecianowski (1834–1900) was a member of the Academia di San Luca, Academia di Belle Arti in Bologna and the Congregazione dei Virtuosi al Pantheon in Rome (today Pontificia Insigne Accademia di Belle Arti e Lettere). He was an architect by education but, above all, a theoretician and inventor. He published his universalistic aesthetic theories alluding to occultism and Kabbalah in many languages. At the same time, he described and patented practical technical devices – faecal dryers, crematoria, and disinfection furnaces – whose task was to free the world from harmful miasms. He was remembered as an eccentric and visionary, believing that the essence of the world’s beauty lies in harmony resulting from the combining of all aspects of nature and human creation and that the salvation for this beauty is the development of the art of hygiene, which will free the world from the harmful fumes of civilization.","PeriodicalId":81782,"journal":{"name":"Kwartalnik historii nauki i techniki : Kwartal'nyi zhurnal istorii nauki i tekhniki -","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79944647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}