P. Köhler
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摘要

神职人员在波兰和波兰土地上进行了各种各样的植物学研究。这篇文章的目的是描述他们在这一科学领域的成就。到目前为止,还没有对神职人员对这一科学分支的发展所作的贡献进行全面的研究。这项研究是基于《波兰植物学家传记词典》中植物学家和业余植物学家的传记,该词典正在准备出版。该词典收录了1773部传记,其中包括69位神职人员。在这69人中,最多的是天主教神父(21人),其次是耶稣会士(12人,包括1名前耶稣会士)、新教神职人员(6人)、Piarists(6人,包括2名前Piarists)。最少的是大主教和副执事(各一人)。在活跃在波兰和波兰土地上的植物学家中,没有发现非基督教教派的神职人员。神职人员在植物学家总数中所占的比例并不大。只有在医学植物学繁荣的时期(从14世纪中叶到16世纪的最后25年),它们才占多数。在众多的植物学分支中,神职人员从事最多的是植物区系学,发表该领域著作的多达36人,其次是生态学(14人)、植物学科普(7人)、心理学(5人)。植物学的其他分支较少使用:医学植物学和系统学(4人),民族植物学、植物地理学、生理学、真菌学、自然保护和古植物学(3人),植物学和植物学历史(2人),解剖学、苔藓学、细胞学、树木学、地衣学、形态学、植物雕刻学(1人)。随着植物学家数量的增加和植物学实验实验室分支的迅速发展,神职人员在波兰植物科学发展中的重要性开始下降。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Duchowni w historii botaniki w Polsce
Clerical persons conducted a variety of botanical research in Poland and Polish lands. The purpose of this article is to describe their achievements in this field of science. No comprehensive study of the clergy’s contribution to the development of this branch of science has been made so far. The study is based on the biographies of botanists and amateur botanists from The Biographical Dictionary of Polish Botanists which is being prepared for publication. The Dictionary comprises 1,773 biographies, including 69 clerical persons. Among these 69 people, the largest group form Catholic priests (21), followed by Jesuits (12, including 1 ex-Jesuit), Protestant clergy (6), and Piarists (6, including 2 ex-Piarists). The fewest were archbishops and subdeacons (1 person each). Among the botanists active in Poland and Polish lands, no clergy of non-Christian denominations were identified. The share of clergy in the total number of botanists was not substantial. They were in the majority only during the period when medical botany flourished (from the mid-14th century to the last quarter of the 16th century). Among the many branches of botany, floristics was most often practiced by the clergy, with as many as 36 people publishing works in this field, followed by ecology (14 people), popularization of botany (7 people), and phycology (5 people). Other branches of botany were less frequently practiced: medical botany and systematics – by 4, ethnobotany, phytogeography, physiology, mycology, nature conservation, and paleobotany – by 3, history of botany and pteridology – by 2, and anatomy, bryology, cytology, dendrology, lichenology, morphology, botanical engraving – by 1 person. With the increase in the number of botanists and the rapid development of experimental-laboratory branches of botany, the importance of clergy in the development of plant science in Poland has started to decline.
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