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Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics最新文献

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Conflicting interests in medicine. Foreword. 医药领域的利益冲突。前言。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-06-01
Christian Byk
{"title":"Conflicting interests in medicine. Foreword.","authors":"Christian Byk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 2","pages":"13-4, 11-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32711572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The whistleblowers]. (告密者)。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-06-01
Marie Dupisson-Guihéneuf
{"title":"[The whistleblowers].","authors":"Marie Dupisson-Guihéneuf","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To alert consists in informing about a danger in order to avoid any aggravation. When health or environment public authorities submit such an alert, it isn't questioned nor subject to a problem of legitimacy. However, the State does not have the exclusive right to watch, and whistleblower alerts are more and more often submitted by citizens who attempt to disclose public interest information. The legal protection of these alerts by citizens is not clear so these unusual denunciations need to be legally framed. The issue is very important since human body infringement is at stake. Thus, it is necessary to acknowledge whistleblowers an individual right to alert, depending on who the information is addressed to. Individuals have a right to alert the population on behalf of the freedom of expression which gives everyone the chance to enrich public debates within the limits of abuse. But, sometimes, they have to do it, so that the alert can be regarded as the fulfillment of a duty of citizens that allows them to participate in the defense of public interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 2","pages":"79-93, 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32711486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The solidarity of the human body]. [人体的团结]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-06-01
Xavier Bioy
{"title":"[The solidarity of the human body].","authors":"Xavier Bioy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The legal and bioethical regulation of the uses of the elements of the human body can be described by means of the concept of solidarity. From the French example, we can so show that the State tries to frame solidarities which already exist, for example between people who share the same genome, in the family, or, on the contrary, tent to impose or to direct the sharing of the human biological resources (organs, tissues, gametes, stem cell...).</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 2","pages":"137-57, 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32711490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES)]. [生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Sandrine Maljean-Dubois
{"title":"[The intergovernmental science-policy platform on biodiversity and ecosystem services (IPBES)].","authors":"Sandrine Maljean-Dubois","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Filling an identified gap, the establishment of an international mechanism for science/policy and expert/decision maker interface, in the field of biodiversity does not go so smoothly. This new institution is the result of a relatively long and arduous international negotiations process, the starting point having been an idea launched in Paris in 2005 at an international conference on biodiversity and supported by President Chirac. The \"Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services\" (IPBES) is part of a legal and institutional landscape very complex and fragmented. Even though it was officially established in 2012 and held its first meeting in January 2013, its status and governance, as well as its procedures and methods of operation remain to be defined. Often presented as the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) biodiversity, it is inspired in fact by the latter while distinguishing in several respects.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"55-73, 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32543851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Expertise and biodiversity: the environmental impact assessment in the context of Natura 2000 network]. [专业知识和生物多样性:Natura 2000网络背景下的环境影响评估]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Jessica Makowiak
{"title":"[Expertise and biodiversity: the environmental impact assessment in the context of Natura 2000 network].","authors":"Jessica Makowiak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natura 2000 network, established by the Habitats directive, states that \"any plan or project likely to have a significant effect on a Natura 2000 site, shall undergo an appropriate assessment to determine its implications for the site\". The safeguards set out in this article are triggered not by a certainty but by a likelihood of significant effects. The paradox clearly appears: the significant implications of a project can be assessed only through an impact assessment process. So the administration and the judge are asked, inevitably, to participate to the building of the definition of practical aspect of expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"123-42, 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32544286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The treatment of scientific knowledge in the framework of CITES]. [在CITES框架内对待科学知识]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Marie-Pierre Lanfranchi
{"title":"[The treatment of scientific knowledge in the framework of CITES].","authors":"Marie-Pierre Lanfranchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Access to scientific knowledge in the context of CITES is a crucial issue. The effectiveness of the text is indeed largely based on adequate scientific knowledge of CITES species. This is a major challenge: more than 30,000 species and 178 member states are involved. The issue of expertise, however, is not really addressed by the Convention. The question was left to the consideration of the COP. Therefore, the COP has created two ad hoc scientific committees: the Plants Committee and the Animals Committee, conferring upon them an ambitious mandate. The article addresses some important issues at stake which are linked to institutional questions, as well as the mixed record after twenty-five years of practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"75-89, 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32544283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[The role of civil society in constructing scientific questions: focus on the work of the CESTM at the Aquarium La Rochelle]. [公民社会在构建科学问题中的作用:关注拉罗谢尔水族馆CESTM的工作]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Adélie Pomade
{"title":"[The role of civil society in constructing scientific questions: focus on the work of the CESTM at the Aquarium La Rochelle].","authors":"Adélie Pomade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relation between experts and civil society raises profound questioning. The first of them is the role of civil society in their evaluation work and in their research. We note that the involvement of citizen leds not only to build scientifical questions, but also to enrich and to answer them. In that way, civil society becomes a key player and an irreplaceable actor of the scientific research. This article highlights action carry out by the Centre d'Etudes et de Soins pour les Tortues Marines of the Aquarium La Rochelle which asks civil society to help it everydays to fulfill his duties. At the end of a training period, or thanks to a spontaneous initiative, volunteers get involve to move research.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"105-22, 148-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32544285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Biodiversity and civil liability: the role of assessment]. [生物多样性与民事责任:评估的作用]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Mathilde Boutonnet
{"title":"[Biodiversity and civil liability: the role of assessment].","authors":"Mathilde Boutonnet","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to make the link between expertise and biodiversity through the civil liability Law. Indeed, since Erika Case (Cour de Cassation, Crim. 25 septembre 2012), this Law recognised the ecological damage. This one is defined as an damage caused to Nature and especially Biodiversity. Thus, the expertise has to play a major role. In this paper, two roles are studied: first all all, the expertise allows to assess the damage of Biodiversity itself, to define and to prove it. Secondly, the expertise is an instrument which is very important for prescribing the measures of compensation, in kind or pecuniary compensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"45-54, 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32543850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Research presentation in the form of legal points]. [以法律观点的形式进行研究报告]。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Eve Truilhé-Marengo
{"title":"[Research presentation in the form of legal points].","authors":"Eve Truilhé-Marengo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>What is the connection among scientific knowledge and public decision, at international, european and national level, in the field of biodiversity ? Firmly believing in the relevance of legal tools, we wanted to call into question the phenomenom of the massive externalization of scientific expertise in order, perhaps, to determine the conditions of a better guidance of the use of the latter. This article is presenting the results of a research witch have received the support of the \"Fondation de Recherche pour la Biodiversité\" (FRB).</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"13-28, 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32543848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Environmental protection: ethical and scientific sources of tension]. 【环境保护:紧张的伦理与科学根源】。
Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2014-03-01
Vincent Devictor
{"title":"[Environmental protection: ethical and scientific sources of tension].","authors":"Vincent Devictor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental ethic is complex, dynamic, and related to cultural contexts that are neither given once and for all, nor valid for all people. Yet, the current biodiversity crisis tends to be followed by the spread of universal values related to nature and its protection. Far from standardizing the pluralism of these values, this universal trend leads to two major tensions in the field of nature conservation. The first concerns the scientific or epistemic values: nature or \"biodiversity\" is altogether being reduced in sub-categories or by contrast considered as a complex object by modern ecological science. Biodiversity is indeed both increasingly considered in terms of its complexity and unpredictability, or on the contrary, as a collection of natural objects that can and must be managed with easily quantifiable indicators. The second tension concerns ethical values. These values tend to be reduced and simplified in equating nature with \"services\" that can benefit human societies. But this utilitarian reduction also hides a diversification of ethical values. This article aims to analyze what characterizes this contemporary ethical and scientific floating with respect to the values involved in the protection of nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"25 1","pages":"29-43, 144-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32543849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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