Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of orange fibre on nutrient digestibility and fermentation products in faeces of cats fed kibble diets","authors":"Débora Alberici Eugênio, Lara Mantovani Volpe, Priscila Martins Ribeiro, M. A. Baller, L. Pacheco, Amanda Vitta Takahashi, P. D. G. Pacheco, T. C. Putarov, S. Theodoro, A. Carciofi","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2040343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2040343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to compare orange fibre, beet pulp and inulin as fibre sources for cats. A control diet (CON) was formulated without inclusion of a fibre source. Further experimental diets were also based on diet CON but were supplemented with 1% orange fibre (diet 1%OF); 3% orange fibre (diet 3%OF); 3% beet pulp (diet 3%BP) or 1% inulin (diet 1%IN). Forty cats were used in a randomised block design (4 blocks of 10 cats, 2 animals per food in each block, totalling 8 animals per treatment). Each block lasted 20 d, with 10 d of adaptation, 10 d of faecal collection for digestibility as well as evaluation of pH-value and fermentation products. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, starch and gross energy did not vary between diets. In diet 1%OF, dietary fibre revealed a greater digestibility than in diet CON (p < 0.05). Faecal production was higher in cats fed diets 3%OF and 3%BP than in those fed diet 1%IN (p < 0.05). Faecal concentrations of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids were higher for cats fed diet 3%BP than for those fed diets 1%IN and CON (p < 0.05), while diets 1%OF and 3%OF showed intermediate results. Faecal propionate concentration was higher for cats fed diet 3%BP, intermediate for diets 1%OF, 3%OF and 1%IN and lower for animals fed diet CON (p < 0.05). Compared with diets CON and 1%IN, the faecal concentration of tyramine was higher for cats fed diet 3%OF (p < 0.05). Orange fibre was fermentable; up to 3% inclusion it did not interfere with the digestibility of nutrients, faecal score and faecal moisture content, and promoted the formation of short-chain fatty acids and tyramine by the intestinal microbiota, with possible effects on intestinal function.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"27 1","pages":"61 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85724317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D in dairy cows: metabolism, status and functions in the immune system","authors":"K. Eder, Sarah M. Grundmann","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.2017747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.2017747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The function of vitamin D in calcium homoeostasis in dairy cows, such as in other vertebrates, is known for many years. In recent years, new and interesting, non-classical functions of vitamin D have been elucidated, including effects on the immune system. The major aim of this review is to provide an overview of effects of vitamin D or its metabolites on the immune system in dairy cows. The first part of the review provides an overview of vitamin D metabolism, with particular reference to the role of various proteins (25- and 1-hydroxylases, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor) in vitamin D signalling. The second part deals with the role of the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in plasma as an indicator of the vitamin D status in dairy cows, and its dependence on sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D supplementation. In this part also the “free hormone hypothesis” is discussed, indicating that the concentration of free 25(OH)D might be a more valid indicator of the vitamin D status than the concentration of total 25(OH)D. The third part deals with classical and the non-classical functions of vitamin D. Among the non-classical functions which are based on an autocrine vitamin D signalling, particular reference is given to the effects of vitamin D and vitamin D metabolites on the immune system in bovine immune cells and in dairy cows. Recent findings provide some indication that vitamin D or its metabolite 25(OH)D could enhance the immune function in dairy cows and be useful for the prevention and therapy of mastitis. However, the number of studies reported so far in this respect is very limited. Thus, much more research is required to yield clear concepts for an optimised usage of vitamin D to improve the immune system and prevent infectious diseases in dairy cows.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"7 1","pages":"1 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89038380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary and plasma metabolome of farm mink (Neovison vison) after an intervention with raw or cooked poultry offal: a 1H NMR investigation","authors":"A. Trimigno, B. Khakimov, Michelle Lauge Quaade, Oliver Legarth Honoré, T. Clausen, K. Blaabjerg, Søren Balling Engelsen, Anne Sofie Vedsted Hammer","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.2003682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.2003682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The introduction of high amounts of cooked poultry offal in mink feed has been associated with health problems in growing mink. Cooking mink feed is a convenient way of reducing microbiological activity, but it may have a negative effect on raw material quality and animal welfare. This study investigates growth and health of mink fed raw or cooked poultry offal and describes urinary and blood plasma metabolic changes related to the feeding. A total of 65 male mink were divided in three feeding groups, two fed cooked offal and one group fed raw offal, and the plasma and urine samples were collected at 3 time points during the growth. Both bio-fluids and feed samples were measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy and resulted metabolomics data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods that revealed dominating effect of the mink growth stages and to a less extent the feeding regime. Metabolome differences in relation to low body mass index (BMI) and kidney lesions were observed in plasma. Disease and decrease in BMI was associated with high creatinine and dimethylglycine content in plasma. These molecules were also particularly indicative of the cooked feeds. Moreover, low urinary taurine levels were also associated with disease and low BMI. Individual mink appeared to show negative effects of the cooked feed diet, including impaired growth and gross pathological lesions involving the kidneys. This may be related to the absorption of essential metabolites such as amino acids and fats, necessary for mink growth, that are negatively impacted by the cooking process.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"29 1","pages":"74 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87441646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of dietary lycopene on growth performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters and mortality in broiler chicken with cold-induced ascites","authors":"M. Fathi, T. Tanha, Shahriar Saeedyan","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2046451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2046451","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary lycopene supplementation on growth performance and antioxidant status of broiler chickens exposed to cold environment to induce ascites. Three hundred male chickens were exposed full-day to cold stress (CT, 10°C) starting from day 15 of age until the end of experiment at day 42, while a positive control group (NT, 100 birds) was kept under normal temperature (23–25°C). The CT groups (three treatments and five replicates of 20 birds) were as follows: negative control (basal diet, CT) and CT + 200 or 400 mg lycopene per kg diet from 15 to 42 d of age. Results showed that CT without lycopene supplementation caused a reduction of feed intake and weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of lycopene during CT restored the performance to levels of the positive control, lowered the index of right ventricles/total ventricles and ascites mortality. Birds reared under CT had lower serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration than birds reared under the NT environment. With lycopene supplementation, serum MDA level significantly decreased and the activity of SOD and GPx increased. Blood concentration of haematocrit, haemoglobin and red blood cells were decreased by the highest lycopene supplementation to a level comparable to NT. Moreover, increasing dietary lycopene level suppressed serum concentrations of cholesterol and enhanced high-density lipoproteins levels in blood. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation alleviates adverse effects of cold stress on performance through modulating activity of antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"PP 1","pages":"50 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84532584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus digestibility and phytate degradation in pigs fed wheat-based diets with different intrinsic phytase activity and added microbial phytase.","authors":"Nicolas Klein,&nbsp;Marius Papp,&nbsp;Pia Rosenfelder-Kuon,&nbsp;Annika Schroedter,&nbsp;Ulrike Avenhaus,&nbsp;Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1988814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1988814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of variation in wheat-derived phytase activity on <i>myo</i>-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (InsP₆) degradation, inositol phosphate (InsP) isomer concentration and phosphorus (P) digestibility in pigs fed wheat-based diets. Additional effects of a microbial phytase supplementation were also studied. Three wheat genotypes (W1-W3) with an analysed phytase activity between 2760 and 3700 FTU/kg were used to formulate four experimental diets that included soybean meal and rapeseed meal but did not contain a mineral P supplement. DietW1-DietW3 only differed in the included wheat genotypes (W1-W3) at an inclusion level of 400 g/kg. DietW3+ contained W3 and a commercial 6-phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg diet. Eight barrows with an initial body weight of 27 kg were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum and assigned to the four dietary treatments in a completely randomised row column design. The experiment included four periods of 12 d each. The first 5 d of each period were for diet adaptation, followed by collection of faeces (4 d), ileal digesta (2 d), and blood (last day). In DietW1-DietW3, the mean precaecal (pc) InsP₆ disappearance was 48% and the mean pc P digestibility was 37% without a significant effect of the wheat genotype. The InsP₆ disappearance measured in the faeces was close to complete in all treatments, and faecal P digestibility was not significantly affected by the wheat genotype (36% overall). The addition of microbial phytase caused a significant increase in pc InsP₆ degradation (to 79%) and pc and total tract P digestibility (to 53% and 52%, respectively). The concentration of InsP₆ degradation products in ileal digesta was not significantly affected by the wheat genotype, except for that of Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P₅ and <i>myo</i>-inositol, which were higher in DietW3 than in DietW1 and DietW2. The added microbial phytase significantly reduced the concentration of InsP₅ isomers in the ileal digesta and increased the concentrations of lower InsP isomers and <i>myo</i>-inositol. There were no significant effects of the added microbial phytase on pc amino acid digestibility; however, the wheat genotype exerted significant effects on the pc digestibility of Cys, Gly and Val. It was concluded that an increase in the intrinsic phytase activity of wheat achieved by crossbreeding was not reflected in InsP₆ degradation and P digestibility in pigs fed wheat-based diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 6","pages":"450-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39670621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In situ</i> crude protein and starch degradation and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of pea grains for ruminants.","authors":"Natascha Titze, Jochen Krieg, Herbert Steingass, Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1994831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1994831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thirteen pea grain samples from different origins were used to examine the variation in <i>in situ</i> ruminal degradation of crude protein (CP) and starch as well as <i>in vitro</i> gas production (GP) kinetics. <i>In vitro</i> GP was used to estimate the digestibility of organic matter (dOM), metabolisable energy (ME) and utilisable CP at the duodenum (uCP). Protein fractions were also determined according to the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. Degradation of CP and starch from all pea grains in the rumen was almost complete, with a high proportion of the instantly disappearing fraction. The variation in the degradation constants among pea grain variants was high, and degradation of CP and starch showed a significant initial lag phase in the rumen. The mean effective degradation (ED) calculated for a rumen outflow of k = 8%/h of CP (EDCP8) was higher than ED of starch (EDST8), averaging 77.0 and 71.5%, respectively, with low variation among variants. A correlation analysis between GP parameters and <i>in situ</i> degradation constants showed no clear relationship, but the rates of <i>in vitro</i> GP and <i>in situ</i> starch degradation were similar. Most of the protein in the pea grains was buffer-soluble with fast and intermediate degradation. Variation in the protein fractions among the pea grain variants was low and not suitable for predicting differences in <i>in situ</i> degradation characteristics. The mean <i>in vitro</i> uCP of pea grains was 198 g/kg dry matter (k = 8%/h) and variation was low and consistent with that of GP kinetics and <i>in situ</i> rumen undegradable crude protein values. The estimation of dOM and ME from 24 h GP led to very high values indicating that the existing prediction equations may not be suitable for pea grains as a single feed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 6","pages":"422-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39610890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effect of zinc supplementation by hydroxy and inorganic sources on nutrient utilisation, mineral balance, growth performance and growth biomarkers in pre-ruminant calves.","authors":"Ravi Prakash Pal,&nbsp;Veena Mani,&nbsp;Shahid Hassan Mir,&nbsp;Amit Sharma,&nbsp;Srobana Sarkar","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.2007692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.2007692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zinc (Zn), an important microelement in ruminant diet, plays a critical role in various enzymes, hormones and functional proteins involved in nutrient metabolism. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of zinc hydroxychloride (Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O [ZnOHCl] and zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄) on nutrient utilisation, mineral metabolism and biomarkers pertaining to growth performance in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves [body weight (BW); 31.03 ± 4.30 kg; age 10 d] were randomly allocated to four treatment groups (<i>n</i> = 6), i.e. no supplementation of Zn (0 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnSO₄(ZnS-80), 40 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-40) and 80 mg/kg DM Zn as ZnOHCl (ZnH-80) for 90 d experimental period. Results showed that dietary Zn supplementation improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) feed intake, BW, average daily gain, heart girth, body length, plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and thyroxin concentration; however, nutrient digestibility remained unaffected among the groups. Addition of Zn increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) Zn retention and plasma Zn concentration without affecting  retention and plasma concentration of other minerals. Retention of Zn was the highest in ZnH-80 group followed by ZnH-40, ZnS-80 and lowest in control group. Overall results of the present study indicate that regardless of sources and levels, Zn supplementation increased growth performance, plasma Zn concentration and hormones levels in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. However, supplementation of hydroxy Zn at 40 mg/kg DM had similar effect as produced by ZnSO₄ or ZnOHCl at a supplementation level of 80 mg/kg DM. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that ZnOHCl can be used as a Zn source for pre-ruminant calves at a lower dose compared to ZnSO₄.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 6","pages":"435-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39881511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary oil sources (sunflower and fish) on fermentation characteristics, epithelial gene expression and microbial community in the rumen of lambs fed a high-concentrate diet.","authors":"Hamidreza Mirzaei-Alamouti,&nbsp;Arman Abdollahi,&nbsp;Hasan Rahimi,&nbsp;Saeedeh Moradi,&nbsp;Mina Vazirigohar,&nbsp;Jörg R Aschenbach","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1997539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1997539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The feeding of high-concentrate diets commonly results in lowered pH and ruminal dysbiosis which cause shifts in uptake dynamics of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and altered epithelial function. Therefore, the current study evaluated the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on ruminal fermentation products, gene expression in the ruminal epithelium and the associated changes in ruminal microorganisms in lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. Twenty-six Afshari lambs adapted to a high-concentrate diet during a completely randomised design were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 100 g oil supplement (OS; 60 g sunflower oil and 40 g fish oil) for 10 (OS10), 20 (OS20) and 30 (OS30) d, respectively (<i>n</i> = 6). Lambs with no oil supplementation (OS0, <i>n</i> = 8) were considered as control and slaughtered at d 0 of the experiment, and the remaining lambs were slaughtered at 10, 20 and 30 d on feed. After slaughter, ruminal digesta was collected for evaluating fermentation and microbial community. Ruminal papillae were taken for assessment of epithelial gene expression. Compared with OS0 lambs, supplemental PUFA in OS30 lambs tended to decrease total SCFA concentration with decreased acetic and increased propionic acid concentrations. Acetate:propionate ratios were decreased and ruminal pH was increased in OS20 and OS30 lambs compared to OS0. All groups with included OS had decreased concentrations of <i>iso</i>-valeric and valeric acids compared to OS0. Relative mRNA abundance of monocarboxylate transporter isoforms 1 and 4, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2 decreased with increasing OS duration. The relative abundance of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 mRNA transcript was higher for OS10 and OS20 lambs relative to OS0 lambs. OS20 and OS30 showed a decrease of lipopolysaccharide binding protein mRNA expression compared with OS0. Feeding supplemental PUFA decreased <i>Ciliate protozoa</i> and increased <i>Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens</i> in OS20 and OS30 lambs, whereas <i>Megasphaera elsdenii</i> was increased in OS30 lambs. In conclusion, combined supplementation of sunflower and fish oil to a high-concentrate diet affects the ruminal microbial community with prominent decreases in ruminal ciliate protozoa and increases in <i>B. fibrisolvens</i> and <i>M. elsdenii</i>. These results lead to a more stabilised ruminal pH and a fermentation shift towards more propionate generation. Consideration of nutrients digestion will help to fully understand the benefits of feeding PUFA with a high-concentrate diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 6","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary fibre and indigestible markers on the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy and nutrients, and indigestible marker recovery in diets fed to growing pigs","authors":"Zhengqun Liu, Kaide Li, R. Zhong, Liang Chen, Lei Liu, Hongfu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.2018922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.2018922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of dietary fibre and types of indigestible markers (IM) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and nutrients as well as IM recovery in diets fed to growing pigs were investigated. A total of 30 barrows (initial body weight 40.5 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to five experimental diets, based on a completely randomised block design, with body weight as a blocking factor. The five diets comprised a corn–soya bean meal basal diet, and four diets in which sugar beet pulp (SBP) or defatted rice bran (DFRB) partly replaced 10% or 20% of corn, soya bean meal and soya bean oil in the basal diet. All diets were formulated to contain two types of IM, namely 0.5% chromic oxide (Cr) and 1.0% celite as the source of acid-insoluble ash (AIA). Animals were subjected to a 7-d adaptation period, and their faeces were collected over a 5-d period using the total faecal collection (TC) method. Results showed that the AIA method determined similar ATTD of GE and nutrients as the TC method. Values of dietary nutrients determined via AIA and TC methods were significantly higher than those obtained by Cr (p < 0.05). The ATTD of GE and nutrients linearly decreased with an increased inclusion level of SBP or DFRB (p < 0.01), whereas recoveries of AIA and Cr were not affected by the aforementioned inclusions. Results from the faecal analysis revealed that AIA recovery (90.5%) was significantly higher than that of Cr (84.9%, p < 0.05), while diets with DFRB (91.3%) had significantly greater IM recovery rates than those with SBP (84.4%, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the type of dietary fibre, rather than the level, significantly affects IM recovery. Notably, AIA should be preferred to Cr when using the IM method to determine ATTD of GE and nutrients for diets in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"42 1","pages":"465 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86237246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of breeds and dietary nutrient levels on expression patterns of paired box genes and myogenic regulatory factors in pigs","authors":"Hua Zhou, Y. Liao, Daiwen Chen, B. Yu","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.2006542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.2006542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different breeds and dietary nutrient levels on expressions of paired box (Pax) genes and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in pigs. Thirty Large White (LW) barrows and thirty Chenghua (CH, a native breed of China) barrows were performed in experiment 1. Results exhibited that in the CH pigs the abundances of Pax3 at 105 and 220 d of age, Mrf4 at 63 d of age, Myf5 and Mrf4 at 220 d of age were higher than those in the LW pigs (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expressions of MyHC-І and ІІa in the CH pigs were upregulated, and the abundance of MyHC-ІІb were downregulated compared with those in the LW pigs at 105 and 220 d of age (p < 0.05). Moreover, the meat quality of the CH pigs was better than in the LW pigs (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, sixty LW pigs were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments meeting their nutrient requirements (NRC) or a diet with moderately reduced digestible energy, crude protein and Lys level by 560 kJ/kg, 1.48% and 0.34%, respectively (LOW diet). The results showed that the reduced dietary nutrient level increased (p < 0.05) the expressions of MyoG and Mrf4 at 105 d of age, Pax3, Myf5, and Mrf4 at 220 d of age, and upregulated (p < 0.05) the abundance of MyHC-ІІa at 105 and 220 d of age in LW pigs. In addition, a decrease in dietary nutrient level improved the meat quality in LW pigs (p < 0.05). Collectively, the expressions of Pax genes and MRFs were markedly different between the CH and LW pigs. The CH pigs exhibited higher expression levels of Pax3, Myf5, Mrf4, MyHC-І and ІІa, which may improved the meat quality. A decrease in dietary nutrient level upregulated the abundances Pax3, Mrf4, Myf5, MyoG, and MyHC-ІІa, and might enhance the meat quality in the LW pigs.","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"79 1","pages":"474 - 488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87217342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}