Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Early high-energy diet induces a systemic metabolic alteration in light weaning body weight piglets that persists after dietary normalization.","authors":"Haibing Wang, Liyue Kang, Yongqiang Mu, Xiaoran Hao, Yu Wang, Haoran Wen, Jianping Li, Anshan Shan","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2026.2646893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2026.2646893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light weaning body weight (LWBW) piglets exhibit inferior growth performance, and their energy requirement vary dynamically with increasing body weight. Although high-energy diets improve growth, they risk impairing liver health. Therefore, we investigated a multi-phase, high-net energy (HNE) regimen with stepwise-decreasing energy concentration with increasing body weight, assessing its impact on growth performance, liver health, and gut microbiota in LWBW piglets. Thirty LWBW piglets (28 days of age, initial body weight: 6.09 ± 0.47 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups; a high-net energy diet based on the energy requirement curve (HNE diet), and a low-net energy diet formulated according to NRC recommendations (NRC diet). Each treatment consisted of five physically separated pens (experimental unit and replicate, <i>n</i> = 5), with three piglets housed per pen throughout the 42-day trial. Results showed that the HNE diet tended to reduce feed to gain ratio (<i>p</i> = 0.075) but failed to improve average daily gain (ADG) in LWBW piglets. Relative to the NRC diet, the HNE diet exhibited significant elevations in serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, bile acids, and alanine aminotransferase (<i>p</i> < 0.05), as well as in hepatic the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of total superoxide dismutase contents (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, HNE diet upregulated the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and fatty acid synthase (<i>p</i> = 0.076), along with the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum metabolomic profiling revealed that HNE diet induced alterations in a series of metabolites associated with oxidative stress, specifically increasing the concentrations of LysoPC, LysoPE, and guanosine while reducing levothyroxine abundance in LWBW piglets. <i>Prevotella copri</i> was the key microbe in the colon of HNE group piglets. Furthermore, HNE diet significantly elevated colonic concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that the high-net energy diet reduced the feed-to-gain ratio, it did not significantly increase the ADG of piglets. This phenomenon may be associated with liver function and gut microbiota. Notably, the early high-net energy diet induces a systemic metabolic alteration that persists after dietary normalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lipoic acid on muscle quality in finishing pigs under diquat-induced oxidative stress challenge.","authors":"Xiaohong Wang, Mingjie Xing, Yanjun Cui, Xianhong Gu, Hongfu Zhang, Yue Hao","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2026.2653547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2026.2653547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary lipoic acid (LA) supplementation on meat quality and antioxidant regulation mechanisms in finishing pigs subjected to oxidative stress challenge induced by diquat (DQ). A 2 × 2 factorial design was applied using 24 Large White barrows (70.64 ± 3.61 kg; <i>n</i> = 6 per group) assigned to Control, LA (800 mg/kg LA), DQ (8 mg/kg BW) and DQ + LA treatments. DQ was administered intraperitoneally on day 15, and pigs were slaughtered on day 29 for collection of <i>Longissimus dorsi</i> samples. Carcass traits, meat quality traits (pH, colour, drip loss and shear force), Nrf2/Keap1 protein levels, myofiber-related genes expression (MyHC isoforms), and SOD activity and expression were analysed. We found that LA and DQ showed limited effects on carcass traits, except for a significant DQ × LA interaction on backfat thickness. DQ reduced pH_24 h and increased L_24 h, indicating accelerated post-mortem acidification and altered meat colour. LA increased a_45 min and significantly affected shear force, with a pronounced interaction under oxidative stress. DQ markedly upregulated Nrf2 protein expression, while LA partially attenuated this increase without affecting Keap1. DQ and LA significantly modulated myofiber type-related genes, with stress-dependent interactions observed for MyHC I and MyHC IIb. Moreover, DQ enhanced SOD mRNA, protein expression and enzyme activity, whereas LA increased SOD mRNA expression independently of oxidative stress, with no significant interaction effects. In conclusion, dietary LA modulated antioxidant capacity and muscle fibre gene expression in finishing pigs challenged with DQ; However, its effects on meat quality were stress-dependent rather than uniformly beneficial, indicating that further studies are needed to clarify its role in maintaining overall pork quality under diquat-induced oxidative stress challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sheep feeding preference and methane mitigation potential of fodder tree leaves in the Sahelian silvopastoral zone of Senegal.","authors":"Aminata Beye, Tamsir Mbaye, Regina Roessler, Marieme Fall Ba, Ousmane Ndiaye, Fafa Sow, Daouda Ngom, Eva Schlecht","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2026.2648635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2026.2648635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feed scarcity during the long dry season is a major constraint to livestock production in the Sahel. During this period, fodder trees provide a valuable source of nutrients. This study assessed sheep feeding preferences for five woody species from Senegal's silvopastoral zone (<i>Adansonia digitata, Acacia tortilis</i> subsp. <i>raddiana, Balanites aegyptiaca, Guiera senegalensis, Khaya senegalensis</i>) and evaluated their enteric methane mitigation potential. A cafeteria-style trial quantified voluntary intake, feeding time and preference coefficients of four sheep for fresh and air-dried leaves over 5 consecutive days during daily 30-min sessions. <i>In vitro</i> gas production assays, conducted with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG), measured total gas, methane concentration, and estimated digestibility. Leaves of <i>A. raddiana</i> and <i>B. aegyptiaca</i> showed high crude protein contents (168.7 and 167.0 g/kg DM) and metabolisable energy values (8.7 and 12.1 MJ/kg DM). In contrast, <i>G. senegalensis</i> and <i>K. senegalensis</i> contained high fibre (aNDF: 586.6 and 484.8 g/kg DM) and condensed tannins (35.8 and 66.9 g/kg DM). PEG addition increased gas production in <i>A. raddiana, G. senegalensis</i> and <i>K. senegalensis</i>, confirming tannin inhibition of fermentation. Sheep showed a clear preference (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for ingesting fresh <i>A. raddiana</i> (298 g/animal) and <i>B. aegyptiaca</i> (270 g/animal) leaves; feeding time and preference coefficients followed the same pattern. Preference coefficients were positively associated with crude protein and negatively linked to fibre and tannin contents, while tannin-rich species also produced less methane <i>in vitro</i>. Overall, <i>A. raddiana</i> and <i>B. aegyptiaca</i> emerged as valuable indigenous fodder resources for improving dry-season nutrition and potentially contributing to climate-smart livestock systems in the West African Sahel.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147653672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Aspergillus</i>-fermented agro-industrial byproducts as dietary ingredients for weaned rabbits: effects on performance, digestibility, and health indicators.","authors":"Adedoyin Titi Amos, Damilola Uthman Kareem, Maicon Sbardella, Emmanuel Abiodun Adeyeye, Damilola Janet Ibigbami, Olubukola Precious Adepeju Idowu, Tolulope Modupe Adeleye, Vinicius Ricardo Cambito de Paula, Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu, Abimbola Oladele Oso, Olusegun Mark Obafemi Idowu","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2606083","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2606083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of <i>Aspergillus</i>-fermented agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) through solid-state fermentation (SSF) on weaner rabbits. A total of 108 weaned rabbits (6 weeks old; 549 g BW) were allotted to 9 treatments in a completely randomised design following a 2 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. The diets consisted of fermented or unfermented AIBPs: maize shaft (MS), cowpea shell (CS), soybean hull (SH) or groundnut shell (GS), plus a wheat-offal control. Fermented AIBPs improved growth performance and reduced mortality during 6-9 weeks <i>(p < </i>0.05), whereas unfermented AIBPs supported compensatory growth at 10-14 weeks. Fermentation enhanced nutrient digestibility but did not alter haematological and serum indices. Carcass yield was higher with fermented AIBPs, while similar prime cut yields were comparable to unfermented AIBPs. Rabbits fed unfermented AIBPs had heavier small intestines, greater villus development and higher microbial counts. It was concluded that agro-industrial by-products are valuable feed resources for rabbits, and microbial fermentation can further enhance their nutritional and functional properties for early post-weaning rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of sheep fed diets based on sorghum silages treated with chemical and microbial additives.","authors":"Paulo da Cunha Tôrres Júnior, Juliana Silva de Oliveira, Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo, Danillo Marte Pereira, Ricardo Martins Araujo Pinho, João Paulo de Farias Ramos, Bruno Rocha de Moura, Evandro de Sousa da Silva, Anderson Lopes Pereira, Luana Milena Pinheiro Rodrigues, Edson Mauro Santos","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2608720","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2608720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of sorghum silages treated with chemical, microbial, and combined additives on fermentative quality, aerobic stability, nutritional composition, and productive performance of confined sheep. Forty uncastrated male sheep were used, distributed among four treatments: silage without additives (control); silage treated with a chemical additive based on organic acids; silage inoculated with <i>Lentilactobacillus buchneri</i>; and silage treated with the combination of both additives. The silages were evaluated after 90 days of storage, and the animals were confined for 60 days, receiving individually adjusted diets. The diets were provided as a total mixed ration composed of sorghum silage, ground corn, cottonseed cake, urea, mineral supplement, and ammonium sulphate, with the concentrate ingredients being mixed with the silage at the time of feeding. No significant differences in dry matter intake were observed among treatments. However, animals fed treated silages, especially with the combination of additives, showed greater intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and metabolisable energy. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract was higher with the use of additives, particularly in the combined treatment, which also presented the highest total digestible nutrient content. Daily weight gain was greater in sheep fed silages treated with both additives. Furthermore, the additives improved aerobic stability and reduced discard losses during the feeding period. Therefore, the application of chemical and microbial additives to sorghum silage promoted better nutrient preservation, fermentative profile, and aerobic stability, resulting in greater nutrient utilisation and improved productive performance in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"50-66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pea grains using coupled <i>in vitro</i> assays for precaecal digestion and hindgut fermentation in pigs.","authors":"Florian Quinger, Nicolas Klein, Amélia Camarinha-Silva, Jana Seifert, Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2606085","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2606085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nutrient composition of the pea grain fraction that escapes precaecal digestion may vary in response to the pea variant, affecting its fermentation characteristics in the hindgut. Quantifying the formation of fermentation end products <i>in vivo</i> remains challenging. Therefore, this study investigated the digestion and fermentation characteristics of 12 pea variants using two combined <i>in vitro</i> assays. <i>In vitro</i> indigestible solids (IVIS) of pea grains, representing the fraction of pea grains escaping precaecal digestion, were incubated for 48 h using a modified Hohenheim gas test with pig faeces as inoculum. Gas production was recorded at nine time points, and NH₄⁺-N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured at 8 and 24 h. Precaecal disappearance was high for starch and crude protein ( >94%), whereas fibre fractions remained largely undigested ( <16%) and were the most abundant and variable fraction in the IVIS. Incubated IVIS differed in potential gas production and maximum rate of gas production among pea variants (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 46.7 to 73.9 mL/200 mg dry matter and 2.9 to 5.1 mL/h, respectively). For metabolite concentrations, an effect of the IVIS was observed for NH₄⁺-N and VFA at 8 and 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Multivariate regression showed a positive association of acid detergent fibre with the potential gas production (<i>p</i> < 0.001, R² = 0.82). The concentration of crude protein was positively associated with the NH₄⁺-N concentration at 8 and 24 h (<i>p</i> < 0.001, R² = 0.85, R² = 0.86). The crude fibre concentration was negatively associated with the branched-chain fatty acid concentration at 24 h (<i>p</i> = 0.001, R² = 0.70). Starch concentration was positively associated with gas production at 2 h (<i>p</i> < 0.016, R² = 0.49) and propionate concentration at 8 h (<i>p</i> < 0.038, R² = 0.86). To conclude, early-stage propionate production is driven by the precaecal indigestible starch, whereas the fermentation potential is primarily determined by the precaecal indigestible fibre fractions. Formation of metabolites by protein fermentation depends on the concentration of precaecal indigestible protein but may be inhibited with higher fibre concentrations. The differences in fermentation characteristics among IVIS of pea variants were associated with the analysed nutrient composition of the IVIS but not with those of the original grains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145987846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis-based estimates of the efficiency of phosphorus utilisation by dairy cows.","authors":"K J Wild, E Haese, H Ahmadi, M Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2026.2639323","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2026.2639323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphorus (P) has several vital functions, and its excretion may have environmental impacts. Thus, an adequate P supply is of utmost importance to meet the requirements of the animals while avoiding unnecessary excretion. Calculation of the P requirement of dairy cows considers factors such as P secretion via milk and P deposition in growing or pregnant animals. Furthermore, a value for the efficiency of P utilisation is applied, which should be determined in animals fed at a marginal P supply to maximise absorption. The objective of the present meta-analysis was thus to estimate the efficiency of P utilisation, accounting for P supply in dairy cows. The dataset included 399 observations published in 77 studies on dairy cows. Data on P intake and faecal P excretion were used to calculate standardised P digestibility, corrected for faecal endogenous P losses. Furthermore, the P requirement and the P supply relative to the requirement were calculated. Linear and non-linear regressions were performed to analyse the relationship between P excretion via faeces and urine and standardised P digestibility with P intake and P supply. Phosphorus intake exceeding the net requirement of dairy cows was excreted with faeces to a large extent, while urinary P excretion had only minor quantitative importance below 5.2 g P/kg DM of feed. The estimated standardised P digestibility at a marginal P supply was 83% and was interpreted as the estimate for efficiency of P utilisation. The data did not indicate that differentiation in P utilisation efficiency between mineral and organic P sources in the feed or by lactation stage is helpful for adequate P supply of dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"67-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of xylanase enzyme and inulin prebiotic supplementation to support broiler chicken production performance.","authors":"Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev, Isobel Margaret Whiting, Stephen Charles Mansbridge, Kristina Kljak, Heloisa Helena de Carvalho Mello, José Henrique Stringhini, Amy E Johnson, Falko Drijfhout, David Yovchev, Atanas Georgiev Atanasov, Zhi Yang, Stephen Paul Rose","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2604540","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2604540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two isoenergetic (12.05 MJ/kg ME) and isonitrogenic (approximately 200 g/kg CP) basal diets were prepared using 670 g/kg of wheat with low fibre and/or high fibre contents. Each basal diet was divided into four portions: one remained as is and fed as control (C); the second was the C supplemented with 100 FXU/kg of a commercial xylanase (XYL); the third was the C plus 20 g/kg of inulin (IN) powder; and the fourth was the C supplemented with both XYL and IN at the same inclusion rates, resulting in a total of eight experimental diets. A study was conducted from 10 to 21 days of age involving 320 female Ross 308 broiler chickens. Each diet, in meal form, was fed <i>ad libitum</i> to eight pens, five birds each, following randomisation. Supplementary XYL increased dietary nitrogen corrected apparent metabolisable energy (AMEn) (<i>p</i> < 0.001), dry matter retention (DMR), daily feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Dietary IN tended (<i>p</i> < 0.01) to increase WG and reduce FCR and dietary wheat did not have an impact on growth performance variables (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Birds fed XYL had reduced relative weight of the pancreas (<i>p</i> < 0.050) and there was XYL by IN interaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on relative weight of the caeca as it was greater for those fed XYL and IN. No other changes in relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract organs were observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Bird fed XYL or IN had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) butyric acid (BA) concentration in caecal content. Feeding XYL led to reduced acetic (AA) and propionic acid (PA) concentrations in caecal excreta (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and to a greater BA:AA ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dietary IN increased blood serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and XYL increased concentration of hepatic coenzyme Q₁₀ (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The type of dietary wheat did not have an impact on any of the studied variables, suggesting that birds were able to tolerate the fibre contents in this study. It seems that both IN and XYL, can serve as feed enhancers that potentially may promote antioxidant status of birds and help poultry to cope with various stress factors during production. The study further confirms that supplementing wheat-based diets with XYL may be a strategy to mitigate the reduction in available energy and to increase nutrient availability in broiler diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146028231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sheep faeces as an alternative inoculum source to cow rumen fluid for estimation of ruminal ammonia-nitrogen release and microbially bound nitrogen <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Lena Rippstein, Natascha Titze, Katharina Judith Wild, Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2541805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2541805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In vitro</i> gas production (GP) techniques, such as the extended Hohenheim gas test (eHGT), are being used to estimate the protein values of ruminant feeds and commonly apply rumen fluid obtained from rumen-cannulated animals as inoculum. This study aimed to compare rumen fluid inoculum (RI) with faecal inoculum (FI) concerning <i>in vitro</i> ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) release and microbially bound nitrogen (mN). Rumen fluid was obtained from lactating dairy cows and faeces from adult wether sheep. Six feeds for ruminants, including rapeseed meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, pea grain, maize grain, and rye grain, were incubated for 8, 24, and 48 h with and without an additional carbohydrate (CHO) source. NH₃-N increased with the incubation time for all feeds and both inocula. For NH₃-N values after 8, 24 and 48 h of incubation, the two-way interaction between feed and inoculum source was significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Across the six feeds, the NH₃-N values did not differ between RI and FI after 8 h, whereas RI-NH₃-N was 17% and 23% higher than FI-NH₃-N after 24 and 48 h, respectively. For most feeds, the mN values decreased with RI as incubation time increased. In contrast, mN in FI remained constant or increased between 8 and 24 h before decreasing at 48 h. Overall, the NH₃-N and mN values were lower with FI than RI. After 24 and 48 h, the two inocula did not significantly differ in the response to the CHO supply, studied as the ratio of mg NH₃-N decrease per 1 mL of GP. Linear regression analysis showed that FI-NH₃-N can be used to predict RI-NH₃-N using the six feeds or the CHO-supplemented feeds at all incubation times. The highest estimation accuracy was found at 24 h for the feeds alone (slope = 1.39, R² = 0.98, CV = 3.9%) and the feeds plus CHO source (slope = 1.55, R² = 0.99, CV = 4.1%). In conclusion, FI has the potential to be applied as an inoculum to assess the protein values of ruminant feeds <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"171-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestiblity and metabolisable energy in high-ash poultry meal and plant protein ingredients for dogs.","authors":"Luciana D de Oliveira, Livio Penazzi, Iris M Kawauchi, Guilherme R Palumbo, Stephanie de S Theodoro, Liviana Prola, Aulus C Carciofi","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2584815","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2025.2584815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using the substitution method and extruded diets, the metabolisable energy (ME) and digestible nutrient contents of soybean meal (SBM), poultry by-product meal with high ash content (PBM<i>ha</i>), micronised soybean meal (MSM), and corn gluten meal (CGM) were determined for dogs. A complete and balanced control diet (CD) was formulated. Test diets were prepared by mixing 70% of the CD with 30% of the protein source in evaluation, according to the substitution method requirements. Due to its high fat content, the MSM diet was formulated with 85% of the CD and 15% of MSM to obtain adequate extrusion. Thirty-five Beagle dogs (7 per diet) were used to evaluate the total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of each diet, by the total collection of faeces method. Results were applied to calculate the ingredient TTAD and digestible nutrients content. Data were analysed in a completely randomised design and submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The TTAD of DM, OM, CP, and gross energy were higher for CGM (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The TTAD of CP was similar for SBM and MSM, whose values were higher than for PBM<i>ha</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Faeces production was higher for dogs fed the SBM diet and PBM<i>ha</i>, and faecal DM was lower for dogs fed the SBM diet. The results indicate variable TTAD among protein sources, with vegetable protein sources generally being more digestible than PBM<i>ha</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"234-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145572770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}