Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Milk yield and composition, feed efficiency, haemato-biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of lactating ewes fed diet supplemented with prickly pear cactus peels.","authors":"Yassmine Moemen El-Gindy,&nbsp;Ayman Abdelmohsen Hassan,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohamed Basyony,&nbsp;Sabrine Abdelrahman Morshedy","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1920819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1920819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prickly pear cactus peels (<i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i>, PPCP) are a powerful source of antioxidant components and available as a by-product in arid regions in large quantities. The current work investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of PPCP on feed efficiency, milk yield and composition, haematology, serum biochemical constituents and antioxidant status of lactating Barki ewes. Fifteen multiparous female Barki sheep (2-3 years old, body weight post partum 46.9 ± 0.59 kg) were individually and randomly distributed into three groups (five ewes each). The first group was the control without PPCP supplementation; the second and third groups were fed for 60 d diets supplemented with dried PPCP powder at daily doses of 5 and 10 g/ewe, respectively. The results revealed a significant increase in total dry matter intake (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and numerical rise in total milk yield (<i>p = 0.054</i>) with PPCP addition at 5 g/ewe compared with the control group. The serum lipid profile was significantly altered by PPCP supplementation. Serum urea nitrogen decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) with PPCP treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, were significantly increased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) and the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) with increasing PPCP supplementation levels in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, supplementation with 5 g PPCP improved total dry matter intake, serum lipid profiles and antioxidant status in Barki ewes during lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 3","pages":"195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1920819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39013882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of raw and fermented pomegranate pomace on performance, antioxidant activity, intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens.","authors":"Emrah Gungor,&nbsp;Aydin Altop,&nbsp;Guray Erener,&nbsp;Isa Coskun","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1894065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1894065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of raw (PP) and fermented pomegranate pomace (FP) on performance, antioxidant activity, caecal microbiota and ileal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 175 male broiler chicks were allocated to five treatment groups with five replicates and seven birds per replicate in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments included a soy-corn based diet (control), diets supplemented with PP at 5 (5PP) and 10 g/kg (10PP), and diets supplemented with FP at 5 (5FP) and 10 g/kg (10FP). Dietary PP and FP did not change the body weight and feed conversion ratio. Moreover, dietary PP and FP did not alter the serum glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels but decreased malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in breast meat. Caecal <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> count was decreased in broiler chickens of groups 10PP, 5FP and 10FP (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, PP and FP had detrimental effects on the ileum morphology of broiler chicks. The villus height was decreased in the 10PP, 5FP and 10FP groups compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Crypt depth was higher in the 5PP and 10FP groups than control and 10PP groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The villus height to crypt depth ratio was also decreased in 5PP, 5FP, and 10FP groups (<i>p</i> < 0.01). These results suggest that PP and FP have the potential to be used in broiler diets as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. However, detailed studies should be conducted to investigate the underlying reasons for the detrimental effects on ileal morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"137-152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1894065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25517338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes, zearalenone and stachybotrylactam in straw.","authors":"Sebastian Ulrich,&nbsp;Christoph Gottschalk,&nbsp;Barbara Biermaier,&nbsp;Eunike Bahlinger,&nbsp;Magdalena Twarużek,&nbsp;Sarah Asmussen,&nbsp;Margit Schollenberger,&nbsp;Hana Valenta,&nbsp;Frank Ebel,&nbsp;Sven Dänicke","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Straw is the main by-product of grain production, used as bedding material and animal feed. If produced or stored under adverse hygienic conditions, straw is prone to the growth of filamentous fungi. Some of them, e.g. <i>Aspergillus, Fusarium</i> and <i>Stachybotrys</i> spp. are well-known mycotoxin producers. Since studies on mycotoxins in straw are scarce, 192 straw samples (wheat <i>n</i> = 80; barley <i>n</i> = 79; triticale <i>n</i> = 12; oat <i>n</i> = 11; rye <i>n</i> = 12) were collected across Germany within the German official feed surveillance and screened for the presence of 21 mycotoxins. The following mycotoxins (positive samples for at least one mycotoxin <i>n</i> = 184) were detected: zearalenone (<i>n</i> = 86, 6.0-785 μg/kg), nivalenol (<i>n</i> = 51, 30-2,600 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (<i>n</i> = 156, 20-24,000 μg/kg), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (<i>n</i> = 34, 20-2,400 μg/kg), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (<i>n</i> = 16, 40-340 μg/kg), scirpentriol (<i>n</i> = 14, 40-680 μg/kg), T-2 toxin (<i>n</i> = 67, 10-250 μg/kg), HT-2 toxin (<i>n</i> = 92, 20-800 μg/kg), T-2 tetraol (<i>n</i> = 13, 70-480 μg/kg). 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (30 μg/kg) and T-2 triol (60 μg/kg) were only detected in one barley sample. Macrocyclic trichothecenes (satratoxin G, F, roridin E, and verrucarin J) were also found in only one barley sample (quantified as roridin A equivalent: total 183 μg/kg). The occurrence of stachybotrylactam was monitored for the first time in four samples (<i>n</i> = 4, 0.96-7.4 μg/kg). Fusarenon-X, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, satratoxin H and roridin-L2 were not detectable in the samples. The results indicate a non-negligible contribution of straw to oral and possibly inhalation exposure to mycotoxins of animals or humans handling contaminated straw.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"105-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25392445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows.","authors":"Matthias Schilde,&nbsp;Dirk von Soosten,&nbsp;Liane Hüther,&nbsp;Ulrich Meyer,&nbsp;Annette Zeyner,&nbsp;Sven Dänicke","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The climate-relevant enteric methane (CH₄) formation represents a loss of feed energy that is potentially meaningful for energetically undersupplied peripartal dairy cows. Higher concentrate feed proportions (CFP) are known to reduce CH₄ emissions in cows. The same applies to the feed additive 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), albeit through different mechanisms. It was hypothesised that the hydrogen not utilised for CH₄ formation through the inhibition by 3-NOP would be sequestered by propionate formation triggered by higher CFP so that it could thereby give rise to a synergistically reduced CH₄ emission. In a 2 × 2-factorial design, low (LC) or high (HC) CFP were either tested without supplements (CON_LC, CON_HC) or combined with 3-NOP (NOP_LC, 48.4 mg/kg dry matter (DM); NOP_HC, 51.2 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). These four rations were fed to a total of 55 Holstein cows from d 28 <i>ante partum</i> until d 120 <i>post partum</i>. DM intake (DMI) was not affected by 3-NOP but increased with CFP (CFP; <i>p</i> < 0.001). CH₄/DMI and CH₄/energy-corrected milk (ECM) were mitigated by 3-NOP (23% NOP_LC, 33% NOP_HC) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and high CFP (12% CON, 22% 3-NOP groups) (CFP × TIME <i>p</i> < 0.001). Under the conditions of the present experiment, the CH₄ emissions of NOP_LC increased to the level of the CON groups from week 8 until the end of trial (3-NOP × CFP × TIME; <i>p</i> < 0.01). CO₂ yield decreased by 3-NOP and high CFP (3-NOP × CFP; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The reduced body weight loss and feed efficiency in HC groups paralleled a more positive energy balance being most obvious in NOP_HC (3-NOP × CFP; <i>p</i> < 0.001). ECM was lower for NOP_HC compared to CON_HC (3-NOP × CFP; <i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas LC groups did not differ. A decreased fat to protein ratio was observed in HC groups and, until week 6 <i>post partum</i>, in NOP_LC. Milk lactose and urea increased by 3-NOP (3-NOP; <i>p</i> < 0.05). 3-NOP and high CFP changed rumen fermentation to a more propionic-metabolic profile (3-NOP; CFP; <i>p</i> < 0.01) but did not affect rumen pH. In conclusion, CH₄ emission was synergistically reduced when high CFP was combined with 3-NOP while the CH₄ mitigating 3-NOP effect decreased with progressing time when the supplement was added to the high-forage ration. The nature of these interactions needs to be clarified.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"79-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25412342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of tea tree oil supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status and microbial community in weaned pigs.","authors":"Gang Zhang,&nbsp;Jinbiao Zhao,&nbsp;Wenxuan Dong,&nbsp;Xiaoming Song,&nbsp;Jianjun Zang,&nbsp;Shouqing Ni,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Defa Li","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary tea tree oil (TTO) supplementation could effectively replace the antibiotics through modulating the antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota profile, and then decreasing the diarrhoea incidence and improving the growth performance of weaned pigs. A total of 216 weaned pigs with initial body weights (BW) of 9.19 ± 1.86 kg were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomised design. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) without any antibiotics, and two experimental diets formulated by adding 75 mg/kg aureomycin (AGP) or 100 mg/kg TTO into the basal diet, respectively. Pigs fed the TTO diet showed greater gain to feed ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those fed CON and AGP diets during d 0-14 and d 14-28. Both dietary TTO and AGP supplementation tended to increase the average daily gain of weaned pigs during d 14-28 (<i>p</i> = 0.06) and the overall 28-d period (<i>p</i> = 0.07), and significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the diarrhoea incidence during d 0-14 compared with the CON treatment. In addition, dietary TTO supplementation improved the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and ether extract (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the propionate and butyrate concentrations in faecal samples of weaned pigs. Moreover, pigs fed the TTO diet showed greater total antioxidant capacity, greater superoxide dismutase and interleukin-10 concentrations, and lower malondialdehyde concentration in serum than those fed the CON diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed the TTO diet demonstrated greater relative abundance of <i>Clostridiaceae</i>_<i>1</i>, while those fed the AGP diet exhibited greater relative abundance of <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> at family level. In conclusion, dietary TTO supplementation could improve growth performance in weaned pigs, which could be mainly attributed to the benefits on nutrient digestibility, antioxidative capacity and microbial community profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 2","pages":"121-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1877074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25346265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the net energy for lactation system and estimation of the energy requirements of dairy cows based on a comprehensive analysis of feeding trials.","authors":"Leonhard Gruber,&nbsp;Wilhelm Knaus,&nbsp;Andreas Susenbeth,&nbsp;Frieder Jörg Schwarz,&nbsp;Thomas Guggenberger,&nbsp;Bernd Fischer,&nbsp;Hubert Spiekers,&nbsp;Herbert Steingaß,&nbsp;Ulrich Meyer,&nbsp;Andreas Münger,&nbsp;Thomas Jilg,&nbsp;Anton Obermaier","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2020.1854595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1854595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiration experiments with high-yielding dairy cows in Northern Ireland have shown higher energy maintenance requirements than those used in the requirements standards of, e.g. France, UK, USA and Germany. Therefore, the current net energy for lactation (NEL) system of Germany was tested by comparing measured NEL intake with calculated NEL requirements based on a comprehensive dataset from feeding trials conducted at nine research institutions in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The relationship between NEL requirements and NEL intake is described by the equation: <math> <mtable><mtr><mtd></mtd> <mtd> <mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mi>L</mi> <mspace></mspace> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>q</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mspace></mspace> <mfenced><mrow><mi>M</mi> <mi>J</mi> <mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow> <mi>d</mi></mrow> </mfenced> <mo>=</mo> <mn>26</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mfenced><mrow><mo>±</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mfenced> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mn>0</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>82</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mfenced><mrow><mo>±</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mrow><mrow><mn>004</mn></mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mfenced> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mi>E</mi> <mi>L</mi> <mspace></mspace> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mspace></mspace> <mfenced><mrow><mi>M</mi> <mi>J</mi> <mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow> <mi>d</mi></mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr><mtd></mtd> <mtd><mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mspace></mspace> <mrow><mrow><mi>w</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>h</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mspace></mspace> <mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow><mrow><mi>o</mi> <mi>f</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi></mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mfenced> <mrow> <mrow> <mro","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1854595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38842820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of compound enzymes on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, immunoglobulins, intestinal morphology and microbiota community in weaned pigs.","authors":"Shenfei Long,&nbsp;Jiangxu Hu,&nbsp;Shad Mahfuz,&nbsp;Hong Ma,&nbsp;Xiangshu Piao","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2020.1852008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1852008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound enzymes (CE) (containing per g 375 U amylase, 2500 U protease, 4000 U xylanase and 150 U β-glucanase) on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, immunoglobulins, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids contents and microbiota community in weaned pigs. Seventy-two pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, weaned at d 28) with an average body weight of 8.49 ± 0.87 kg were allotted into two treatments with six replicate pens per treatment (three barrows and three gilts per pen) according to sex and body weight in a randomised complete block design. The treatments contained a corn-soybean meal-barley basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg CE/kg (CE). The study was divided into phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and 2 (d 15 to 35). The average daily gain was increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in pigs fed CE in phase 2 and overall (d 1 to 35) compared with CON. These pigs had greater (<i>p</i> <i>≤ </i>0.05) serum IgA, IgG, superoxide dismutase and catalase contents, as well as tended to increase serum IgM content and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter in phase 1 compared with CON. In phase 2, pigs supplemented with CE showed greater (<i>p</i> < 0.01) ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and gross energy compared with CON. These pigs also had increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) IgA, IgG, IgM, superoxide dismutase contents, and decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) malondialdehyde content in serum compared with CON. Moreover, pigs fed CE had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in ileum, and tended to increased acetic acid content in colon compared with CON. Furthermore, pigs fed CE had increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) relative abundance of Firmicutes at phylum level, Lactobacillales at order level, Lactobacillaceae at family level, Bacilli at class level, <i>Lactobacillus</i> at genus level in caecum and colon, as well as lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at phylum level, Bacteroidales at the order level, Bacteroidia at class level, <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_6</i> at genus level in colon compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of compound enzymes could effectively improve nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant status, immunoglobulin, gut morphology, microbiota community, and therefore improve performance in weaned pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"31-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1852008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38711036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary phytochemicals from tomato peels and rosehip meal on the lipid peroxidation of eggs from laying hens.","authors":"Iulia Varzaru,&nbsp;Arabela Elena Untea,&nbsp;Tatiana Panaite,&nbsp;Margareta Olteanu","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2020.1813515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1813515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with tomato peels (TP) and rosehip meal (RM) on their phytochemicals transfer to the egg, the antioxidant profile and the markers of lipid peroxidation in stored eggs. The experiment was conducted on 42-week-old TETRA SL laying hens, which were assigned to three dietary treatments with 30 birds each: the Control group (CON) received a corn-soybean diet containing 6% flaxseed meal without any by-product addition. Groups TP and RM received Diet CON with additionally 2% TP and 2% RM, respectively. Average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and laying percentage were not significantly changed by the dietary treatments. Compared to the other groups, the inclusion of dietary TP led to a significant increase in egg weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and vitamin E content in eggs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The dietary inclusion of RM generated a higher vitamin A content in eggs compared to Groups CON and TP (<i>p</i> < 0.10). After 40 d of storage, in Groups CON, TP and RM the vitamin E contents of eggs deceased by 10.1%, 14.2% and 13.3%, respectively, whereas the reduction of the lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in eggs was more pronounced (by 24.8%, 21.8% and 25.5%, respectively). For the most primary as well as for secondary oxidation products, storage time had a significant influence (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on the degradation process of the eggs. After 40 d of storage, the most distinct reduction in the formation rate of secondary oxidation products was observed in Group RM (by more than 30%), while the reduction for Group TP amounted from 15% to 25%, when compared with Group CON. Therefore, the results of the present study showed a significantly positive effect of RM in retarding the lipid peroxidation process during storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1813515","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38364634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dietary inclusion of dried apple pomace on faecal butyrate concentration and modulation of gut microbiota in dogs.","authors":"Cleusa Bernardete Marcon de Brito,&nbsp;Camilla Mariane Menezes Souza,&nbsp;Taís Silvino Bastos,&nbsp;Dany Mesa,&nbsp;Simone Gisele Oliveira,&nbsp;Ananda Portella Félix","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2020.1867463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1867463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to evaluate the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, metabolisable energy (ME) and palatability of the diet, as well as products of intestinal fermentation and faecal microbiota of dogs fed with dried apple. For this purpose, three experiments were performed. In Experiment I, digestibility and ME of four diets containing 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% dried apple were evaluated, in addition to the faecal characteristics of the dogs. The diets were offered to eight adult dogs, distributed in double Latin square (4 × 4), totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In Experiment II, products of intestinal fermentation and faecal microbiota from 16 adult dogs fed diets containing 0% and 9% dried apple for 30 d (<i>n =</i> 8) were evaluated. Finally, Experiment III compared the dietary preference of 0 vs. 9% dried apple using 15 adult dogs. The inclusion of dried apple in the diet (<i>p <</i> 0.05) showed a linear reduction in the ATTD of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and acid hydrolysed ether extract (EEA), and a linear increase in the ATTD of total dietary fibre (TDF). Consumption of 9% of dried apple increased faecal butyrate and reduced propionate and ammonia (<i>p <</i> 0.05). With this diet, there was also an increase (<i>p < </i>0.05) in the faecal concentration of <i>Faecalibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Blautia,</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i>. No differences were found in the palatability of the diets. The inclusion of up to 9% of dried apple in the diet reduces the digestibility of nutrients and does not influence the dogs' food preference; however, it improves some indicators of dogs' intestinal functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1867463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38842817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of enzymatically hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal in extruded diets on serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and aldosterone in cats.","authors":"Tânia Zóia Miltenburg,&nbsp;Mayara Uana da Silva,&nbsp;Guido Bosch,&nbsp;Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2020.1849899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1849899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several peptides found in hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, a property that indicates potential antihypertensive and health-promoting effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of extruded diets containing enzymatically hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal (HPM) on cat serum ACE activity and aldosterone (ALD) concentration, nutrient digestibility, and faecal characteristics. On the basis of a preliminary <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> ACE inhibitory activity assay, a commercial HPM and a commercial conventional poultry byproduct meal (CPM) were selected for further investigation. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated: CPM diet (25.7% CPM) and HPM diet (24.7% HPM). In trial 1, the effect of diet on serum ACE activity and ALD concentration was evaluated using 8 healthy cats (4 female and 4 male, 4.1 ± 0.38 kg BW) in a crossover design, with 5 d of adaptation and blood collection on d 6. In trial 2, apparent total tract digestibility and faecal characteristics were evaluated using 12 cats (6 female and 6 male, 4.0 ± 0.72 kg BW) in a completely randomised design. Serum ACE and ALD were analysed using a mixed model, with diet as the fixed effect and cat as the random effect. Data from trial 2 were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test. <i>In vitro</i> ACE inhibitory activity of HPM (90.4%) was higher than that of CPM (52.0%). Cats fed the HPM diet tended to have lower serum ACE activity than those fed the CPM diet (126 versus 142 U/l, <i>p</i> = 0.09). Serum ALD was not influenced by diet. Diets had similar digestibility values, and faecal consistency scores tended to be higher (firmer faeces) in cats fed the CPM diet than in cats fed the HPM diet (4.6 versus 4.0, <i>p</i> = 0.09). Inclusion of HPM in extruded diets may reduce cat serum ACE activity and promote good faecal consistency without affecting digestibility. Further investigations are needed to explore the potential health benefits of HPM in hypertensive cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2020.1849899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38363826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}