Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Supplementation of pomegranate processing waste and waste soybean cooking oil as an alternative feed resource with vitamin E in broiler nutrition: effects on productive performance, meat quality and meat fatty acid composition.","authors":"Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Naser Maheri-Sis, Abdolahad Shaddel Teli, Jamshid Ghiasi Ghalehkandi, Teun Veldkamp","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1965414","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1965414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of pomegranate peels powder and waste soybean cooking oil on the performance and meat quality of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. Before start of the experiment, the metabolisable energy of pomegranate peels and other nutritive and chemical contents of pomegranate peels were measured. Also, peroxidation indices and fatty acids profiles of experimental oils were analysed. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments including i) pomegranate peels (0, 4 and 8%), ii) waste soybean cooking oil (0, 2 and 4%) and iii) vitamin E (0 and 200 mg/kg diet). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peels significantly decreased growth performance of broiler chickens (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The supplementation of 4% waste cooking oil significantly reduced body weight gain during the grower and whole experimental period (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pomegranate peels supplementation decreased peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and increased pH of meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of 4% waste cooking oil increased PV and TBA and reduced crude protein, water holding capacity (WHC), and pH of meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation significantly decreased TBA and increased WHC of meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementation of pomegranate peels decreased saturated fatty acids (SFA) and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Broilers fed diets with 4% waste cooking oil showed higher SFA and lower PUFA contents in meat (<i>p</i> < 0.05). So it can be concluded that 4% pomegranate peels could be used as an alternative feed ingredient and a source of antioxidants in broiler diets, and also 2% waste soybean cooking oil can be included as feed ingredient in broiler diets without adversely affecting performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 5","pages":"355-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39369219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an equation for predicting metabolisable energy concentration in compound feeds for pigs.","authors":"Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter,&nbsp;Andreas Berk,&nbsp;Martin Schäffler,&nbsp;Hubert Spiekers,&nbsp;Sven Dänicke","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1947066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1947066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is useful to predict metabolisable energy (ME) concentration based on crude nutrients which can be determined on a laboratory scale to formulate compound feeds for pigs based on ME concentration and to control the declared concentration. In 2008 such an equation was derived premised on 290 balance experiments showing strong associations between ME predicted by digestible crude nutrients and by crude nutrients themselves. Since the suitability of a regression-based prediction equation might be strongly influenced by the number of observations, the current study aimed at 1) checking the suitability of the existing prediction equation by including more datasets and 2) deriving a revised prediction equation.The equations were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses using the energy content calculated on the basis of crude nutrients according to the previously used (ME_S) and the newly derived (ME_Snew) equations as well as the energy content calculated on the basis of digestible nutrients (ME_D). ME_D was correlated with ME_S (<i>r</i>_s = 0.784; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and ME_Snew (<i>r</i>_s = 0.802; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The root mean square error or the adjusted <i>r²</i>was 0.332 MJ/kg DM or 0.830 for the regression of ME_S on ME_D, and 0.323 MJ/kg DM or 0.839 for the regression of ME_Snew on ME_D. Although the regressive evaluation for the prediction of ME revealed satisfying results, the remaining residual variation not explainable by the regression model should be considered. The minimum span of the prediction interval of the regression of ME_S or ME_Snew on ME_D covered a range of 0.65 and 0.64 MJ/kg DM, suggesting the variability of ME estimations to be expected when based on crude nutrients. The quality parameters for the newly derived equation were minimally better and the correlation coefficient between ME_D and both, ME_Snew and ME_S, was strong. Since there is also a non-negligible inaccuracy in the estimation of ME content using the newly derived equation and as the quality parameters were only slightly better, there is at this point no need to introduce the new equation. In future studies, alternative analytical methods for determining the concentration of ME in compound feeds should be considered to improve the accuracy of estimation equations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"251-262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1947066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39232461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae meal on the antioxidant status and stress response pathways in tissues of growing pigs.","authors":"Robert Ringseis,&nbsp;Lukas Peter,&nbsp;Denise K Gessner,&nbsp;Sandra Meyer,&nbsp;Erika Most,&nbsp;Klaus Eder","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1950106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1950106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect meal (IM) produced from edible insects, such as <i>Tenebrio molitor</i>, has been recognised as a potentially suitable protein component in feeding rations for monogastric livestock. While several studies with broilers have shown that animal´s health is not negatively affected by IM, less is known with regard to the influence of IM on metabolism of pigs. The present study investigates whether IM from <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae causes oxidative stress and activates oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways in key metabolic tissues of pigs. To address this question, male 5-week-old crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 pigs each and fed nutrient-adequate, isonitrogenous diets either without (CON) or with 5% IM or 10% IM from <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae for 4 weeks. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tocopherols and glutathione in liver, gastrocnemius muscle and/or plasma did not differ between groups. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and of GPX and SOD in gastrocnemius muscle were not different between groups, whereas the activity of CAT in skeletal muscle was increased in the two IM-fed groups compared to group CON (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The mRNA levels of most of the target genes of oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response, in liver and gastrocnemius muscle did not differ between the three groups. The present study shows that feeding a diet containing adequate levels of antioxidants, such as vitamin E and selenium, and <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae meal as a protein component neither causes oxidative stress nor activates oxidative stress-sensitive signalling pathways in key metabolic tissues of growing pigs. Based on these observations, IM from <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> larvae can be regarded as a safe source of protein in growing pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"237-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1950106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39176648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the dietary inclusion of dried food residues on the apparent nutrient digestibility and the intestinal microbiota of dogs.","authors":"Nadine Paßlack,&nbsp;Fenia Galliou,&nbsp;Thrassyvoulos Manios,&nbsp;Katia Lasaridi,&nbsp;Eleni Tsiplakou,&nbsp;Wilfried Vahjen,&nbsp;Jürgen Zentek","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1949229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1949229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of food residues for animal nutrition might imply ecological and economic advantages; however, their effects as a potential ingredient have not yet been evaluated in dogs. In the present study, four diets with 0, 5, 10 and 15% dried food residues (DFR), derived from hotel catering, were fed to 10 healthy adult dogs. At the end of each three-week feeding period, faeces and blood were collected. The apparent nutrient digestibility was calculated by the dietary inclusion of titanium dioxide as an inert marker. The results demonstrated that the apparent crude protein digestibility and ether extract digestibility decreased with increasing amounts of DFR in the diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In addition, an increase of the faecal concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, <i>n</i>-butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Faecal ammonium and lactate concentrations, as well as plasma phenol and indole concentrations, were not linearly affected by the dietary inclusion of DFR. The relative abundance of <i>Fusobacteria</i> in the faeces of the dogs decreased, and the relative abundance of <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> increased with increasing amounts of DFR in the diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, the DFR seemed to be intensively fermented by the intestinal microbiota of the dogs, as indicated by the increased faecal SCFA concentrations and the shifts in the composition of the faecal microbiota. Dietary inclusion levels of up to 5% can be recommended based on our results, as the observed lower apparent crude protein and ether extract digestibility might limit the use of food residues for dogs at higher amounts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"311-327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1949229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39177137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of supplementation of <i>Withania coagulans</i> and α-tocopherol acetate in diets containing oxidised oil on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant indices in broiler chickens.","authors":"Asma Ali Tavakkoli,&nbsp;Mohammad Taher Mirakzehi,&nbsp;Hassan Saleh,&nbsp;Manouchehr Yousefi","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1942765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1942765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This experiment was designed to study the effects of a hydroalcoholic fruit extract from <i>Withania coagulans</i> (WC) and <i>α</i>-tocopherol acetate (<i>α</i>-Toc) in diets containing oxidised oil on growth performance, immune response and antioxidant indices of broiler chickens. The experiment was arranged 2 × 3 × 2 factorial comprising the oxidised oil (0% and 2% diet), WC (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg diet) and <i>α</i>-Toc (0 and 200 mg/kg diet). A total of 600 1-day-old male broiler chickens of the Ross strain were randomly allocated to 12 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each. On day 42, one bird from each replicate was sacrified to measure the lymphoid organ weights, intestinal morphometric characteristics, and malondialdehyde content in the thigh meat. Dietary inclusion of oxidised oil significantly reduced the body weight gain in birds receiving no dietary WC (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast, dietary supplementation of WC at 100 mg/kg diet in birds fed with the diets lacking in WC and oxidised oil resulted in significant increase in body weight gain (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of WC significantly increased the total anti-sheep red blood cell titre (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The birds fed with the dietary oxidised oil revealed significantly higher values of malondialdehyde and lower glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Feeding diets containing WC resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde content in thigh meat while conversely, increased the glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of WC could be recommended as a potent alternative to synthetic compounds in order to improve broilers performance, immunity and meat quality under oxidative stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"278-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1942765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cereal and protein source on performance, apparent ileal protein digestibility and intestinal characteristics in weaner piglets.","authors":"Carola Ellner,&nbsp;Beatriz Martínez-Vallespín,&nbsp;Eva-Maria Saliu,&nbsp;Jürgen Zentek,&nbsp;Ilen Röhe","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1958647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1958647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rye and rapeseed meal (RSM) are alternatives to wheat and soybean meal (SBM) in pig nutrition. The inclusion of rye and RSM instead of wheat and SBM may increase dietary fibre content in the feed, which may affect digestive physiology and intestinal function. However, research on the combined feeding of rye and RSM in piglets is still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rye and RSM containing feed on growth performance, protein and amino acid digestibility, physical characteristics of the digesta and the intestinal morphology in weaner piglets. A total of 88 piglets aged 28 d were randomly allotted to four different feeding groups at weaning: wheat/SBM, wheat/RSM, rye/SBM, rye/RSM. Cereals were included at 48%, SBM at 25% and RSM at 30%. Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded weekly. After 33 d, piglets were euthanised for assessment of digesta and intestinal morphology. Rye did not affect performance, whilst RSM resulted in reduced weight gain (<i>p</i> = 0.024) and feed intake (<i>p</i> = 0.037). Apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and amino acids was decreased by rye and RSM (<i>p < </i>0.05). Rye caused an acidification (<i>p</i> = 0.045) and increased viscosity (<i>p</i> = 0.013) of small intestinal digesta, a lower dry matter content of jejunal and colonic digesta (<i>p < </i>0.05) and an increased relative weight of the colon tissue (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, performance was not reduced when rye was used as an alternative to wheat in diets for weaner piglets. The inclusion of RSM instead of SBM to piglets' diet lowered animal performance under our conditions. Further investigations are warranted to characterise the quality of rapeseed meal and the optimum inclusion level in the diet for young pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"263-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39339807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance indicators and gastrointestinal response of rabbits to dietary soybean meal replacement with silkworm pupae and mealworm larvae meals.","authors":"Janusz Strychalski, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Dorota Kowalska, Andrzej Gugołek","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1962171","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1962171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to determine the effects of silkworm pupae meal (SPM) and mealworm larvae meal (MLM) on the production results and function of the digestive system in rabbits. Thirty male New Zealand White growing rabbits were divided into three feeding groups: control (C) (10% soybean meal [SBM] in the diet), group SPM (5% SBM and 4% SPM) and group MLM (5% SBM and 4% MLM). Compared with group C, rabbits of groups SPM and MLM, were characterised by higher final body weight and daily body weight gains. They were also found to have better apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ether extract, and acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). Increased digesta viscosity was observed in these rabbits, as well as reduced extracellular activity of bacterial α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase and β-xylosidase in the caecal digesta. Similar differences between groups were also noted for the intracellular activity of β-glucuronidase, total activity of β-xylosidase and α-glucosidase. The SPM and MLM treatments contributed to an increase in the extracellular and total activity of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in the caecal digesta. The SPM and MLM treatments were characterised by increased extracellular/total activity of colonic bacterial NAGase as well as increased release rates of NAGase and β-cellobiosidase, compared with group C. The rabbits fed the MLM diet had the lowest caecal concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The proportion of butyric acid in the caecal SCFA profile was significantly lower in group MLM than in group C. The SPM treatment reduced the colonic concentration of iso-valeric acid. Group C had the highest colonic SCFA pool. It can be concluded that an inclusion of 4% SPM and 4% MLM in rabbit diets improved their production results, as well as beneficially increased the ATTD of fat, ADF and ADL without compromising the ATTD of other nutrients and energy. Although both dietary insect-derived products caused a mobilisation of microbiota to utilise of chitin (see NAGase activity), they stifled the metabolism of large intestinal microbiota, as manifested by decreased enzyme activity and lower SCFA concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 4","pages":"294-310"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39322630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations into the chemical composition and nutritional value of single-cultivar rapeseed meals for broiler chickens.","authors":"Emilea Sarah Watts, Stephen Paul Rose, Alexander Mackay Mackenzie, Vasil Radoslavov Pirgozliev","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1930455","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1930455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A study was conducted to 1) investigate the influence of rapeseed cultivar on the range of variation in the chemical composition and feed value of rapeseed meals (RSM) for broilers and 2) to compare between single-cultivar RSM and a batch of UK-sourced proprietary rapeseed meal. Chemical composition was determined for a total of 10 single-cultivar RSM produced via prepressed solvent-extraction and a proprietary RSM. To investigate RSM digestibility a total of 360 birds were housed, six birds per pen, and between day 13 to 21 of age they received a diet containing per kg 250 g RSM and 750 g basal feed based on wheat and soybean meal. Titaniumdioxide (7 g/kg) was added as an inert marker. For the determination nitrogen-corrected metabolisable energy (AMEn) total excreta and feed intake were quantified over the last 4 d of the experiment. On the final day of the experiment ileal digesta were collected for determination of preceacal crude protein digestibility (pcCPD). With the exception of neutral detergent fibre (NDF), glucosinolates and soluble non-starch polysaccharides the coefficients of variation (CV%) for all major components were similar across all RSM (0.5 < CV% < 0.6). Glucosinolate contents were highest in the 10 single-cultivar RSM whereas NDF levels were greater in the proprietary RSM. Across the 10 single-cultivar RSM there was no significant effect of cultivar on AMEn or pcCPD. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts indicated that the mean AMEn content and pcCPD of the proprietary RSM was significantly lower than the 10 single-cultivar RSM (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In view of the above, processing rather than cultivar appears to be the main driver of nutritional value in RSM fed to broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"209-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritive value for ruminants of different fresh and ensiled sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) varieties harvested at varying maturity stages.","authors":"Georg Terler, Reinhard Resch, Stefanie Gappmaier, Leonhard Gruber","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1924016","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1924016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of the Western corn rootworm and increasing frequency of summer droughts have reduced forage maize yields and quality in Central Europe in recent years. Therefore, sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) has been increasingly used as alternative forage in ruminant feeding, although information on the nutritive value of whole crop sorghum silage (WCSS) under Central European climate conditions is scarce. This research project aimed to study differences between sorghum varieties and harvest dates regarding dry matter (DM) yield, chemical composition of fresh panicle, fresh stover, fresh whole plant and WCSS as well as whole tract digestibility and energy content of WCSS. For this purpose, six sorghum varieties, classified by their predominant use (biomass, silage, grain), were cultivated and harvested at three maturity stages (late milk stage, dough stage, full maturity). Furthermore, WCSS quality was compared with feed value of fresh and ensiled forage maize. Dry matter yield was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in biomass sorghum (24.9 t/ha) compared to other sorghum varieties (12.4 to 16.7 t/ha). However, panicle proportion was lowest in biomass sorghum (10.5%), highest in grain sorghum (59.1%) and intermediate in silage sorghum. Fibre content declined and starch content increased with rising panicle proportion in fresh panicle, fresh whole plant and WCSS. Therefore, whole tract organic matter digestibility (66.8%) and metabolisable energy (ME) content (9.49 MJ/kg DM) were highest in grain sorghum silage. Especially low ME content was found in the biomass sorghum silage (7.43 MJ/kg DM). Dry matter yield of sorghum increased between late milk and dough stage of maturity, while it remained constant afterwards. Furthermore, ME content of WCSS rose tendentially (0.05 < <i>p</i> < 0.10) between late milk and dough stage of maturity and dropped again between dough stage and full maturity. Highest nutritive value of WCSS is achieved if grain sorghum varieties are used and both nutritive value and DM yield are optimised if harvest is carried out at dough stage of maturity. However, compared to forage maize, grain sorghum varieties have disadvantages both in DM yield and in nutritive value under common Central European climate conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of diet organic matter digestibility in grazing dairy cows.","authors":"Monika Lukas,&nbsp;Thomas Hartinger,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Südekum,&nbsp;Andreas Susenbeth","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2021.1935599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1935599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precise and continual information on the energy supply from pasture is mandatory for managing grazing ruminants. Therefore, estimating the organic matter (OM) digestibility from faecal crude protein concentration using the regression equation, OM digestibility [%] = 79.76-107.7 · e^{(-0.01515 · faecal crude protein [g/kg OM])}, is known to be a suitable tool. However, essential information regarding faeces sampling times and the required number of samples are not yet available. We therefore analysed the OM digestibility data of an experiment with dairy cows grazing two pasture types and receiving two concentrate types over 6 d in three independent runs. Both pasture type and grazing day affected the OM digestibility estimates, whereas concentrate type and intake did not, indicating that this method reliably detects small changes in OM digestibility of pasture without being interfered by moderate concentrate supplementation, selective grazing behaviour or differences in feed intake. Likewise, as sampling time did not influence OM digestibility, faeces sampling once daily can be recommended to be sufficient for an accurate estimation of OM digestibility. The variance within pasture type and grazing day amounted for 1.1 percentage units of estimated OM digestibility, which enabled to define the minimum sample number required to detect given differences in OM digestibility with adequate statistical certainty. In conclusion, estimating OM digestibility from faecal crude protein concentration is an applicable and sensitive method to reliably detect differences in the quality of ingested pasture using a limited number of animals. Therefore, instructions for faeces sample collection  were provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"75 3","pages":"153-166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1745039X.2021.1935599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39102113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}