Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effects of dietary zinc chloride hydroxide and zinc methionine on the immune system and blood profile of healthy adult horses and ponies.","authors":"Sarah van Bömmel-Wegmann,&nbsp;Jürgen Zentek,&nbsp;Heidrun Gehlen,&nbsp;Ann-Kristin Barton,&nbsp;Nadine Paßlack","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2168993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2168993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of dietary zinc on the immune function of equines have not been evaluated in detail so far. In the present study, eight healthy adult ponies and two healthy adult horses were fed a diet supplemented with either zinc chloride hydroxide or zinc methionine in six feeding periods of four weeks each (according to maintenance zinc requirement, 120 mg zinc/kg dry matter, and 240 mg zinc/kg dry matter, for both dietary zinc supplements, respectively). All animals received the six diets, with increasing amounts of zinc chloride hydroxide in the feeding periods 1-3, and with increasing amounts of zinc methionine in the feeding periods 4-6. At the end of each feeding period, blood samples were collected for a blood profile and the measurement of selected immune variables. Increasing dietary zinc chloride hydroxide doses increased the glutathione concentrations in the erythrocyte concentrate and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the erythrocyte lysate, decreased the numbers of total leukocytes and granulocytes in the blood, and also decreased the interleukin-2 concentrations in the plasma of the animals. The dietary supplementation of increasing doses of zinc methionine enhanced the mitogen-stimulated proliferative activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and decreased the glutathione concentrations in the erythrocyte concentrate and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the plasma of the animals. The percentage of blood monocytes with oxidative burst after <i>in vitro</i> stimulation with <i>E. coli</i> decreased with increasing dietary zinc concentrations, independently of the zinc compound used. The blood profile demonstrated effects of the zinc supplements on the red blood cells and the bilirubin metabolism of the horses and ponies, which require further investigation. Overall, high doses of dietary zinc modulate the equine immune system, for the most part also depending on the zinc compound used.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"17-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9398205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and rumen undegradable protein alter ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows.","authors":"Lam Phuoc Thanh,&nbsp;Wisitiporn Suksombat,&nbsp;Juan J Loor,&nbsp;Tran Thi Thuy Hang","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2176150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2176150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the effects of incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)- and rumen undegradable protein (RUP)-enriched feeds on ruminal fermentation, methane production, milk yield and milk FA profiles in dairy cows. Experiment 1 was carried out on 12 multiparous HF dairy cows in mid-lactation (106 ± 18.6 days in milk, 13.1 ± 1.67 kg/d of milk). Environmental conditions throughout the experiment were 34.5 ± 1.9 8°C, 58.0 ± 2.65% relative humidity and 85.7 ± 2.71 temperature-humidity index. Cows (<i>n</i> = 6/group) were randomly allocated to a control diet (Ctrl) consisting of corn silage and concentrate (F:C 60:40) containing 27.2% RUP in the crude protein (CP) or a treatment diet (Trt) consisting of 58.3% corn silage, 29.6% concentrate, 3.24% roasted soybean meal, 5.82% corn dried distiller grains with solubles and 3% added oil, which contained linseed, sunflower and tuna crude oil (1:1:1, wt/wt). The Trt diet contained 35.0% RUP in the CP. Experiment 2 was conducted <i>in vitro</i> using ruminal fluid collected from three Holstein Friesian dairy cows. The experimental design and diets were the same as in Exp. 1. Dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be lower (<i>P</i> = 0.06) in the Trt group. No difference in milk yield was detected, but the lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) milk fat was measured in the Trt group (2.82% vs. 3.81%). Feed efficiency (milk/DMI) tended to be greater (<i>P</i> = 0.06) in the Trt cows (1.08 vs. 0.88). Lower 18:0 (5.73% vs. 8.29%), but greater concentrations of <i>c</i>9,<i>t</i>11 CLA (1.88% vs. 0.34%), <i>c</i>9,<i>c</i>12 18:2 (1.55% and 0.69%) 18:3n-3 (0.30% vs. 0.12%) and 22:6n-3 (0.17% vs. 0%) were detected in milk fat of cows fed Trt (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Atherogenicity and thrombogenic indices were lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) with Trt. Concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids and methane, which was assessed by production of volatile fatty acids, were 10.2% and 11.7% lower <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the Trt group. In conclusion, incorporating PUFA- and RUP-high feeds in lactating cow diets in the tropics causes a reduction in concentrations of ruminal VFA, methane production and milk fat while improving aspects of milk quality without affecting milk production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal and offspring treatment with two dietary sources of vitamin D on the mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism and locomotion of offspring fed protein- and phosphorus-reduced diets.","authors":"Michael Lütke-Dörhoff,&nbsp;Jochen Schulz,&nbsp;Heiner Westendarp,&nbsp;Christian Visscher,&nbsp;Mirja R Wilkens","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2172310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2172310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aims to compare the effects of maternal and offspring treatment with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD₃) and vitamin D₃ on vitamin D status, mineral homoeostasis, bone metabolism and locomotion in the offspring. Either vitamin D₃ (50 μg/kg diet) or 25-OHD₃ (50 μg/kg diet) was supplemented to the gestation and lactation diets of 49 multiparous sows and/or to the diets of their growing offspring. Treatment of the sows did not affect plasma concentrations of 25-OHD₃ of the offspring. Pigs fed 25-OHD₃ had higher plasma concentrations of 25-OHD₃ than pigs that received vitamin D₃ during rearing and fattening. However, neither plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate and bone markers during the observation period nor bone ash and bone mineral density at slaughter were clearly affected by the treatment. Maternal and offspring treatment with 25-OHD₃ instead of vitamin D₃ resulted in a slight reduction in the prevalence of leg swelling. In addition, more pigs walked with even steps and normal stride length. Further studies are needed to test whether the slight effects observed in the present experiment are reproducible and of relevance for animal health and welfare. In that case, the underlying mechanisms should be revealed in order to take advantage of potentially beneficial influences especially under certain feeding regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of physical forms of a high grain-based diet on fattening performance, ruminal health, feeding behaviour, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits of finishing Lohi lambs.","authors":"Muhammad Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Afzal Rashid,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf,&nbsp;Saima Naveed,&nbsp;Imran Mohsin,&nbsp;Habib Ur Rehman,&nbsp;Juan J Loor","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2179296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2179296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different physical forms of complete diets on performance, feeding behaviour, digestibility, ruminal health, blood and carcass indices in fattening lambs. A randomised complete block design was used to assign thirty male Lohi lambs (300 ± 15 d old) with an initial body weight of 33 ± 1.4 kg in ten replications to one of three physical forms of the diet. For different treatments, the dietary ingredients were ground and mixed as (I) ground conventional mash (CM), (II) whole corn grains were mixed with the remaining pelleted ingredients as a texturised diet (TX), and (III) whole corn grains and the remaining ingredients were mixed as an unprocessed diet (UP). During the 60-d growth trial and 7-d digestibility experiment, individually housed lambs were fed <i>ad libitum</i>. Feeding diet UP improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed-to-gain ratio of fattening lambs. The ruminal pH tended to be lower in group TX compared with the other groups. The incidence of loose faeces consistency was 3.5 times higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in group TX compared to group UP. The daily intakes of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), the rumination time and chewing activities were highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for lambs fed on the UP diet. The digestibility of DM, NDF and ether extract were greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for diet UP as compared to diet TX. The chilled and hot carcass weights were highest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) for group UP. The papillae density tended to be greater for group UP. However, blood metabolites, intestinal morphology, carcass marbling, tenderness, meat pH, cooking loss, and meat composition were similar across the treatments. It can be concluded that the unprocessed diet based on whole corn grain and soybean hulls improved growth performance, feeding behaviour and carcass yield through better nutrient utilisation and a stable ruminal environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-obesity effects of corn peptide on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C57BL/6J obese mice.","authors":"Shanshan Zhang, Lingzhe Kong, Ziqiu Jia, Shuli Shao, Lin Pan, Weiyu Wang, Yingning Sun","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162800","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corn peptide (CP) is a small, natural, biologically active peptide obtained by protease-catalysed hydrolysis of corn. CP exerts antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and antitumor effects, as well as prevents cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although CP plays a role in preventing obesity-related diseases, its role in reducing obesity has not yet been determined. In this study, we analysed the inhibitory effects of CP on lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J Obese Mice. The results show that CP could inhibit preadipocyte differentiation and oil accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral CP administration reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content, epididymal fat weight, abnormal liver fat droplet accumulation, and C/EBPα expression. Furthermore, combination of CP administration and exercise reduced body, liver, and adipose tissue weights; decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and inhibited hepatic lipid droplet accumulations and epididymal fat cell hypertrophy. Additionally, this combination inhibited the expression of transcription factors, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ, and adipogenic factors, FABP4 in mice. In conclusion, oral administration of CP inhibited lipid droplet accumulation and counteracted HFD-induced obesity in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 3-6","pages":"205-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10758831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminal and post-ruminal phytate degradation of diets containing rapeseed meal or soybean meal.","authors":"Yung-Ping Chi, Eva Haese, Markus Rodehutscord","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2164158","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2164158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate ruminal and post-ruminal degradation of phytic acid (InsP₆) in diets containing either rapeseed meal (RSM) or soybean meal (SBM). In Experiment 1, the effective degradability of crude protein (CPED) and InsP₆ (InsP₆ED) was evaluated by incubating RSM and SBM <i>in situ</i> in three rumen-fistulated lactating Jersey cows for 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h, and calculating effective degradability at rumen passage rates of 2% and 5%/h. In Experiment 2, eight wethers were assigned for 8 weeks to two dietary treatments (Diet RSM and Diet SBM) containing 150 g of either meal and 100 g of maize silage per feeding time and had free access to hay and water. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was added to the diets for the last 5 days of the study. The wethers were then stunned, exsanguinated and digesta from the reticulo-rumen, omasum, abomasum, jejunum, colon, and rectum were sampled. In Experiment 1, the InsP₆ED of RSM (InsP₆ED₂: 83%; InsP₆ED₅: 64%) decreased almost identically to that of CPED with increasing passage rate (CPED₂: 78%; CPED₅: 63%) and was significantly lower than that of SBM (InsP₆ED₂: 93%; InsP₆ED₅: 85%). In Experiment 2, ruminal InsP₆ disappearance was significantly higher in wethers fed Diet SBM (89%) than in those fed Diet RSM (76%). Total post-ruminal InsP₆ degradation was 6% for Diet RSM and 4% for Diet SBM (<i>p</i> = 0.186). The total tract InsP₆ disappearance was higher in Diet SBM (93%) than in Diet RSM (82%). Considering higher InsP₆ contents in RSM, Diet RSM resulted in significantly higher amounts of ruminally (Diet RSM: 4.5 g/d; Diet SBM: 3.4 g/d) and total tract (Diet RSM: 4.9 g/d; Diet SBM: 3.5 g/d) degraded InsP₆. InsP₅ was quantified in most of the digesta samples after feeding Diet RSM but was not detectable in the majority of digesta samples for Diet SBM. Concentrations of <i>myo</i>-inositol (MI) tended to be higher (<i>p</i> = 0.060) in the blood plasma of wethers fed Diet RSM. The consistency between ruminal InsP₆ disappearance in wethers and <i>in situ</i> calculated InsP₆ED₂, along with the very low extent of post-ruminal InsP₆ degradation, suggests that at a low rumen passage rate, InsP₆-P from the feed becoming available to ruminants is almost entirely from InsP₆ degradation in the rumen.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 3-6","pages":"233-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10751532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butyric acid glycerides in the diet of broilers to replace conventional growth promoters: effects on performance, metabolism, and intestinal health.","authors":"Cassio Antônio Ficagna,&nbsp;Gabriela Miotto Galli,&nbsp;Emerson Zatti,&nbsp;Bruno Milhoreto Sponchiado,&nbsp;Bruno Giorgio de Oliveira Cecere,&nbsp;Guilherme L Deolindo,&nbsp;Lara Tarasconi,&nbsp;Vitor W Horn,&nbsp;Ricardo E Mendes,&nbsp;Bianca F Bissacotti,&nbsp;Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger,&nbsp;Marcel Manente Boiago,&nbsp;Aleksandro S da Silva","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine whether butyric acid glycerides can replace conventional growth promoters, favour intestinal health, and improve performance. A total of 420 birds were used, divided into four groups with seven repetitions per group (<i>n</i> = 15), as follows: NC, negative control (no promoter); PC, positive control (basal diet + enramycin + salinomycin); MDT-BUT, a diet supplemented with mono-, di-, and triglycerides of butyric acid; TRI-BUT, a diet supplemented with tributyrin of butyric acid glycerides. Productive performance was measured on days 1, 21, 35, and 42. Excreta were collected for counting <i>Escherichia coli</i> and coliforms on days 21 and 42. Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age to analyse oxidant/antioxidant status, and the intestine was removed for intestinal morphometry. From 1 to 42 days, there was greater body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion in the PC, MDT-BUT, and TRI-BUT groups than in the NC group; the production efficiency index was 21.10% higher in all groups than in the NC group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). At 21 days, there were lower <i>E. coli</i> counts of 86.8% in the TRI-BUT and 99.7% in PC groups than in the NC and MDT-BUT groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while at 42 days, lower counts were found in the PC, MDT-BUT, and TRI-BUT groups than the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). There were lower total protein and globulin levels in the MDT-BUT and TRI-BUT groups than in the NC group (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Cholesterol levels were lower in the TRI-BUT group, followed by MDT-BUT and PC groups, than in the NC group (<i>p</i> = 0.001), while lower triglyceride levels were found in the TRI-BUT group than in the NC and PC groups (<i>p</i> = 0.001). There were lower levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the TRI-BUT group, followed by the PC group than the NC group (<i>p</i> < 0.001); on the other hand, there were higher protein thiol levels in the TRI-BUT group than the NC group (<i>p</i> = 0.041). The villus:crypt ratio increase was 79.4% in the TRI-BUT group, followed by the 45.1% PC and 19.8% MDT-BUT groups than the NC (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings suggest that adding butyric acid confers antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and improves birds' production efficiency, intestinal health, and metabolism. Butyric acid glycerides are an effective alternative to conventional growth promoters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 3-6","pages":"191-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry matter recovery, ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of oat silage treated with microbial inoculants at different temperatures.","authors":"Jikuan Chai,&nbsp;Wenlong Gong,&nbsp;Jie Bai,&nbsp;Zeliang Ju,&nbsp;Guiqin Zhao","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2155392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2155392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effects of temperature and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants on oat silage in Loess Plateau of China, oat was harvested at dough stage, inoculated without (Control) or with LAB inoculants Synlac I (SLI, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and <i>Pedioccocus acidilactici</i>) and a selected strain HT1 (<i>L. rhamnosus</i>) and ensiled at 25°C (T25), 35°C (T35) and 45°C (T45). The fermentation quality was measured after 60 d of ensiling and the aerobic exposure was conducted at 30°C for 9 d. The results showed that control silage (stored at 25°C) had better fermentation quality than that ensiled at 35°C or 45°C. High temperature of 45°C resulted in sharp decreases in LAB counts and lactic acid concentration and increases in pH and NH₃-N concentration in the control group. Inoculation improved the fermentation quality, and HT1 was more effective than SLI at 35°C and 45°C, while SLI showed better performance at 25°C. All silages displayed mild fluctuation for all treatments at the first 3 d of aerobic exposure, and significant differences were observed among treatments after that. Both control and inoculated silages stored at 25°C showed a sharp pH increase, while HT1 treated silages stored at 35°C and 45°C maintained stable pH and better fermentation quality during the aerobic exposure. In conclusion, SLI was suitable for oat silage fermentation at normal atmospheric temperature (25°C), while HT1 was more effective in improving DM recovery, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage at high temperature during summer in the Loess Plateau of China.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 3-6","pages":"175-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10758851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of rapeseed meal degraded by enzymolysis and fermentation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers.","authors":"Pei Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ji,&nbsp;Xuejuan Deng,&nbsp;Siyu Hu,&nbsp;Jianping Wang,&nbsp;Ke Ding,&nbsp;Ning Liu","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional changes of degraded rapeseed meal and its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers. Raw rapeseed meal (CON), degraded by enzymolysis (protease, ERM), fermentation (<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, FRM) or both (DRM) were included in diets at 25% and fed to 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22-63 d of age. Results showed that rapeseed peptide contents (≤1 kDa) were increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from 4.13% (CON) to 35.5% (ERM), 24.1% (FRM) and 50.4% (DRM); glucosinolate and erucic acid in DRM were decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by 71.6% and 86.2%, respectively, compared to CON. There were increases (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.029) in feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and precaecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in the three degraded diets. Also, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were raised (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.034) in the degraded diets. Additionally, DRM showed more pronounced effects (<i>p</i> < 0.05) on variables related to growth, digestibility and health than ERM and FRM. It is concluded that rapeseed meal degraded by both enzymolysis and fermentation can increase its nutritional values and application in broilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 3-6","pages":"221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10758832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the functional value of meat quality by feeding with protected fat supplementation in Morkaraman lambs.","authors":"Dogan Turkyilmaz,&nbsp;Nurinisa Esenbuga","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2022.2097825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2022.2097825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of feeding different levels of protected fat (calcium soaps of tallow) on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid composition of <i>Longissimus Thoracis</i> (LT) muscle and economic evaluation of 45 fat-tailed Morkaraman male lambs. The lambs were randomly divided into three groups including a control diet without protected fat (CON), supplemented with 2% protected fat (group PF2), and supplemented with 4% protected fat (group PF4) during the fattening period. Eight lambs randomly selected from each group were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics and meat quality. Supplementing protected fat significantly improved the fattening performance and carcass characteristics (<i>p</i><0.05). The groups were similar in terms of pH, colour, ether extract, dry matter and sensory evaluations, except for the crude protein of group PF2. Myristic acid and stearic acid (<i>p</i><0.05), which are saturated fatty acids (SFA), were decreased with the supplementation of protected fat, while palmitic acid was increased (<i>p</i><0.01). The fattening with protected fat had a highly significant positive effect on important unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (<i>p</i><0.01) and resulted in an increase of approximately 91% in the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (<i>p</i><0.05). SFA was significantly decreased, and health indicators were improved (<i>p</i><0.01). In conclusion, the supplementation of protected fat had a positive effect on fattening performance, carcass traits, chemical, sensory properties and economic evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"76 2","pages":"145-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40528912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}