Sarah M Grundmann, Javier Herrero-Encinas, Erika Most, Aileen M Piecha, Karsten Krüger, Klaus Eder
{"title":"添加维生素D3或维生素D2对断奶仔猪血清游离和总25-羟基维生素D浓度及外周血单个核细胞免疫功能相关基因表达的影响","authors":"Sarah M Grundmann, Javier Herrero-Encinas, Erika Most, Aileen M Piecha, Karsten Krüger, Klaus Eder","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation on concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in plasma and the expression of genes involved in the innate immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in weaned pigs. Five groups of pigs (with an initial body weight of around 9 kg) received basal diets supplemented with either 500 (control group), 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg diet or 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet for a period of 4 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Supplementation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> led to a dose-dependent increase of the concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum. In contrast, pigs supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet did not have higher concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum than the control group. The ratio of free/total 25(OH)D in serum was not influenced by vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation, whereas the group supplemented with 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet had a higher free/total 25(OH)D ratio than the groups supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg diet. Genes involved in vitamin D signalling (<i>CYP27B1, VDR</i>), as well as pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory genes (<i>TLR4, TNF, IL1B</i> and <i>TGFB1</i>) and genes encoding porcine protegrins (<i>NPG1, NPG4</i>), proteins belonging to the group of antimicrobial peptides, in PBMC were not different among groups supplemented with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and the control group. Therefore, the study indicates that supplementation of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> causes much lower levels of total 25(OH)D than supplementation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and that supplementation of vitamins D<sub>2</sub> or D<sub>3</sub> at moderate levels does not have an impact on the innate immune function in healthy pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 3","pages":"228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effect of supplementation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or vitamin D<sub>2</sub> on serum concentrations of free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the expression of genes involved in immune function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of weaned pigs.\",\"authors\":\"Sarah M Grundmann, Javier Herrero-Encinas, Erika Most, Aileen M Piecha, Karsten Krüger, Klaus Eder\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation on concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in plasma and the expression of genes involved in the innate immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in weaned pigs. Five groups of pigs (with an initial body weight of around 9 kg) received basal diets supplemented with either 500 (control group), 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg diet or 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet for a period of 4 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Supplementation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> led to a dose-dependent increase of the concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum. In contrast, pigs supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet did not have higher concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum than the control group. The ratio of free/total 25(OH)D in serum was not influenced by vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation, whereas the group supplemented with 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>2</sub>/kg diet had a higher free/total 25(OH)D ratio than the groups supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D<sub>3</sub>/kg diet. Genes involved in vitamin D signalling (<i>CYP27B1, VDR</i>), as well as pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory genes (<i>TLR4, TNF, IL1B</i> and <i>TGFB1</i>) and genes encoding porcine protegrins (<i>NPG1, NPG4</i>), proteins belonging to the group of antimicrobial peptides, in PBMC were not different among groups supplemented with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or vitamin D<sub>2</sub> and the control group. Therefore, the study indicates that supplementation of vitamin D<sub>2</sub> causes much lower levels of total 25(OH)D than supplementation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and that supplementation of vitamins D<sub>2</sub> or D<sub>3</sub> at moderate levels does not have an impact on the innate immune function in healthy pigs.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8157,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Archives of Animal Nutrition\",\"volume\":\"77 3\",\"pages\":\"228-244\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-06-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Archives of Animal Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effect of supplementation of vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 on serum concentrations of free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the expression of genes involved in immune function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of weaned pigs.
The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in plasma and the expression of genes involved in the innate immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in weaned pigs. Five groups of pigs (with an initial body weight of around 9 kg) received basal diets supplemented with either 500 (control group), 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D3/kg diet or 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D2/kg diet for a period of 4 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Supplementation of vitamin D3 led to a dose-dependent increase of the concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum. In contrast, pigs supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D2/kg diet did not have higher concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum than the control group. The ratio of free/total 25(OH)D in serum was not influenced by vitamin D3 supplementation, whereas the group supplemented with 2000 IU vitamin D2/kg diet had a higher free/total 25(OH)D ratio than the groups supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D3/kg diet. Genes involved in vitamin D signalling (CYP27B1, VDR), as well as pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory genes (TLR4, TNF, IL1B and TGFB1) and genes encoding porcine protegrins (NPG1, NPG4), proteins belonging to the group of antimicrobial peptides, in PBMC were not different among groups supplemented with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 and the control group. Therefore, the study indicates that supplementation of vitamin D2 causes much lower levels of total 25(OH)D than supplementation of vitamin D3 and that supplementation of vitamins D2 or D3 at moderate levels does not have an impact on the innate immune function in healthy pigs.
期刊介绍：
Archives of Animal Nutrition is an international journal covering the biochemical and physiological basis of animal nutrition. Emphasis is laid on original papers on protein and amino acid metabolism, energy transformation, mineral metabolism, vitamin metabolism, nutritional effects on intestinal and body functions in combination with performance criteria, respectively. It furthermore deals with recent developments in practical animal feeding, feedstuff theory, mode of action of feed additives, feedstuff preservation and feedstuff processing. The spectrum covers all relevant animal species including food producing and companion animals, but not aquatic species.
Seldom can priority be given to papers covering more descriptive studies, even if they may be interesting and technically sound or of impact for animal production, or for topics of relevance for only particular regional conditions.
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