{"title":"Political Nosology in Aristophanes's Wasps","authors":"S. Hobe","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In my paper, I explore how Aristophanes uses Hippocratic imagery in his Wasps for political critique. Rather than any politician, Philocleon's affliction of jury-mania itself stars as the antagonist, setting the stage for other medical subject matter in the comedy. Wasps alludes in particular to the Hippocratic theory that internal disease results from a confluence of factors (such as bodily constitution and environment), rather than a single agent, and that its symptoms manifest gradually, but often in surprising ways. By thematizing these ideas from contemporary medicine, Aristophanes suggests that Athenian corruption is multifaceted, complex, and lacking a definitive aetiology.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"351 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47987565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laughing Matters: Chronic Pain and Bodily Fragmentation in Lucian's Podagra","authors":"Georgia Petridou","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0488","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper discusses the themes of laughter, chronic pain, and bodily fragmentation in Podagra (Gout), Lucian's tragicomic take on chronic but nonlethal gout. Particular diseases had, it seems, distinct comedic connotations and gout was one of them. Extra emphasis is placed on the recasting of chronic illness as an agonizing and yet worthwhile initiation into mystery rites of the highest order. In terms of methodology, this study draws inspiration from Adrienne Janus's work on laughter in Beckett. By following closely the recurring themes of pain and fragmentation in Podagra, this paper argues that morbid laughter in a pure Beckettian sense, the risus purus, that is the body's automatic audible response to the absurdity of pain and physical agony, is recommended in the play as the only effective coping mechanism against the suffering caused by the disease.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"488 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47841237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Mockery of Madness: Laughter at and with Insanity in Attic Tragedy and Old Comedy","authors":"P. Singer","doi":"10.5406/illiclasstud.43.2.0298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/illiclasstud.43.2.0298","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The present paper poses the question of the different ways in which madness is laughed at—or with—in Attic Tragedy and in Old Comedy. What is the significance of each kind of \"mad laughter\"? I shall identify fundamental differences, related to the different kinds of character, mental aberration and dramatic conflict presented in each genre, and more broadly to the dramatic structure and function of each. A first distinction can be made between laughter at madness, which we see especially in tragedy, and laughter with, or embracing of, madness, which we experience in comedy. The second distinction is between two profoundly different understandings of and approaches to mental aberration: as intensely individual, \"medical,\" affliction (in tragedy) on the one hand or as essentially a social problem (or sometimes blessing), with social consequences and, in some cases, social solutions (in comedy) on the other. In the process, we shall also consider the significance—and some of the complexities—of the \"curse versus blessing\" analysis; questions as to who directs the \"mad laughter\" and who are its audience(s) (the original audience of the play; onstage characters, mortal and divine; the modern reader); and some relevant features of the visual and physical depiction of madness—in particular the use of mask—in both genres.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"298 - 325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mocking the (Disabled) Dead: Seneca's Claudius in the Apocolocyntosis","authors":"A. Michalopoulos","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this paper I attempt to explore Seneca's open references and pointed allusions to Claudius's physical and mental infirmities in his Apocolocyntosis Diui Claudii. Claudius—in full Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus—was a unique case. A man with severe disabilities and impairments since childbirth, he became emperor of Rome at the age of fifty on the death of his nephew, Caligula, thanks to an extraordinary stroke of luck. Therefore, he is a very promising case study as regards the attitudes of his contemporaries towards the disabled. In this famous satire on the apotheosis of Claudius, the late emperor becomes the target of scorn and laughter. Seneca exploits the comic potential of Claudius's bodily malfunctions and turns his physical and mental disturbances into comic material. I discuss Seneca's bitter ridicule of Claudius's defects and peculiarities, focusing on issues such as laughter as a mechanism of the damnatio memoriae, laughter as revenge, laughter as political commentary, and laughter as the release of surplus negative emotions against Claudius. Comparative treatment of passages from other authors, such as Tacitus, Suetonius, and Cassius Dio, who also refer to Claudius's impairments, will shed light on Seneca's particular treatment of disability and disease.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"459 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hernia Jokes in Graeco-Roman Antiquity","authors":"Anna Potamiti","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Groin hernia was an object of visual and verbal humor during the Roman Imperial age, late antiquity and beyond. This paper examines the hernia jokes in scoptic epigrams and the Philogelos in the light of Bakhtin's views on the grotesque body. It will be argued that the jokes are revealing of anxiety over this common condition and that their comicality had a therapeutic effect.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"388 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41802654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disease, Bodily Malfunction, and Laughter in the Priapea","authors":"Charilaos N. Michalopoulos","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.2.0420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Priapea is an elegant poetry book about Priapus and his colorful adventures as protector of gardens. Priapus renowned for his disproportionately oversized phallus is a god of ugliness, often surrounded by people with bodily shortcomings. His laughter of derision is directed against others but also against himself. This paper explores the ways in which laughter operates in the collection, especially in relation to bodily malfunction and/or disease. My discussion focuses on Priapus's self-subversive remarks on his own bodily malfunction, his attacks on the deficiencies of others, and his scornful treatment of doctors.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"420 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tyrannical Men and Virtuous Women in Plutarch's Mulierum Virtutes","authors":"M. Caterine","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.44.1.0194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.44.1.0194","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Plutarch's repeated inclusion of tyrannical men within the collected narratives of the Mulierum Virtutes is a rhetorical mechanism by which he proves that men and women's virtues are identical and equivalent. Plutarch consistently contrasts the qualities of a virtuous woman with those of a tyrannical man, while at the same time highlighting the similarities between virtuous women and good rulers. His tales of tyrannical men, good rulers, and heroic women thus allow Plutarch to distinguish between virtuous and vicious feminine characteristics and to show that virtue triumphs over vice, regardless of gender.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70738124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Blind Eye Within: Jacqueline de Romilly on Seeing and Aging","authors":"M. Parca","doi":"10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.1.0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/ILLICLASSTUD.43.1.0258","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Jacqueline de Romilly (1913–2010), one of the preeminent figures of classical philology in France during the 20th century, is best known for her books on 5th-century Athenian political and cultural history. She may also be remembered as the second woman (after Marguerite Yourcenar) to have been elected to the Académie française (1988) as one of its \"Immortals.\" Less familiar to her readers are the biographical works she wrote late in life, among them Les roses de la solitude (2006), Les révélations de la mémoire (2009), and Jeanne (2011). These provide a window on her joys and on her regrets at having lived her life as a classicist.In Les roses de la solitude in particular, de Romilly, nearly blind and confined in the study and sitting room of the Paris apartment where she lived most of her adult life, gazes into her past, arrested by the sight of objects which have long figured in her daily life. Her heightened sense of mortality and near blindness focus the recollection of her past, personal and professional, around those objects and prompt reflections on a life both nourished and diminished by an uncompromising commitment to the classics.","PeriodicalId":81501,"journal":{"name":"Illinois classical studies","volume":"43 1","pages":"258 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44503226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}