Lin Jiabin, Zhu Shanshan, Lai Xiaomei, Yang Kaixin, Yu Ying
{"title":"The benefits of physical literacy for human flourishing: A machine learning–based exploration of adolescents","authors":"Lin Jiabin, Zhu Shanshan, Lai Xiaomei, Yang Kaixin, Yu Ying","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Physical literacy is a multidimensional concept considered fundamental for lifelong participation in physical activity. Although theories on the relationship between physical literacy and human flourishing have been proposed, no comprehensive study of this relationship in adolescents has been found. This study aimed to predict human flourishing variables (physical activity, physical health, mental health, and academic performance) that correlate highly with adolescents' physical literacy. A sample of 1004 primary and middle school students was recruited and six machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and k-nearest neighbours) were used. Random forest predicted physical activity, physical health, and mental health in the overall sample, with an accuracy of 53 percent, 86 per cent, and 91.7 percent, respectively; AdaBoost predicted academic performance with an accuracy of 98 per cent. Overall sample and sex subgroup predictions were generally consistent, with “sense of self and self-control” and “self-expression and communication with others” as the most significant variables. Family-type subgroup analysis results varied greatly, suggesting that one-child families should focus on “knowledge and understanding,” whereas multi-child families should focus on “self-expression and communication with others.” Awareness of adolescents' underlying characteristics may yield greater benefits when intervening through physical literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric S. Kim, Ying Chen, Joanna H. Hong, Margie E. Lachman, Tyler J. VanderWeele
{"title":"Mastering the canvas of life: Identifying the antecedents of sense of control using a lagged exposure-wide approach","authors":"Eric S. Kim, Ying Chen, Joanna H. Hong, Margie E. Lachman, Tyler J. VanderWeele","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12618","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accumulating studies have documented strong associations between a higher sense of control and improved health and well-being outcomes. However, less is known about the determinants of increased sense of control. Our analysis used data from 13,771 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)—a diverse, longitudinal, and national study of adults aged >50 in the United States. Using generalized linear regression models, with a lagged exposure-wide approach, we evaluated how <i>changes</i> in 59 predictors (i.e., physical health, health behavior, and psychosocial factors) over a 4-year period (between t<sub>0</sub>;2006/2008 and t<sub>1</sub>;2010/2012) might lead to changes in sense of control another 4-years later (t<sub>2</sub>;2014/2016). After adjusting for a rich set of baseline covariates, changes in some health behaviors (e.g., sleep problems), physical health conditions (e.g., physical functioning limitations, eyesight), and psychosocial factors (e.g., positive affect, purpose in life) were associated with changes in sense of control four years later. However, there was little evidence that other factors were associated with a subsequent sense of control. A key challenge in advancing intervention development is the identification of antecedents that predict a sense of control. Our results identified several novel targets for interventions and policies aimed at increasing a sense of control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben C. L. Yu, Jacky C. K. Ng, Floria H. N. Chio, Winnie W. S. Mak
{"title":"Does mindfulness facilitate letting be? A longitudinal investigation of nonattachment as a mediator in the association between mindfulness, well-being, and affect at trait and state levels","authors":"Ben C. L. Yu, Jacky C. K. Ng, Floria H. N. Chio, Winnie W. S. Mak","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12634","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigated the mediating role of nonattachment in the association between mindfulness and well-being. Study 1, a 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with 2446 responses from 69 participants, showed that state mindfulness at time (<i>t</i>) − 1 was not significantly associated with nonattachment at <i>t</i> and (positive and negative) affect at <i>t</i> + 1. However, nonattachment at <i>t</i> significantly mediated the association between state mindfulness at <i>t</i> and (positive and negative) affect at <i>t</i>. Study 2, a 2-month study with three waves of measurement (<i>n</i> = 224), showed that trait mindfulness at baseline could not predict psychological well-being at 2-month follow-up through nonattachment at 1-month follow-up. However, this mediating relationship was significant when all these variables were measured at baseline. People who are mindful at one moment may experience higher nonattachment and better well-being at the same moment; the beneficial effect could not be sustained over time among people who are largely non-meditators.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the role of conspiracy beliefs in oncological treatment decisions: An experimental approach","authors":"Florent Varet, Valentyn Fournier, Sylvain Delouvée","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12615","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer is an important issue and a model topic for misinformatfion researchers. The present research experimentally investigates the effect of cancer-related conspiracy beliefs and misinformation on oncology treatment intentions in a cancer-free population. In three pre-registered studies (<i>N</i> total = 1020), participants were asked to put themselves in the shoes of a patient recommended for chemotherapy. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 300) failed to experimentally manipulate cancer-related conspiracy beliefs with exposure to a health scandal not related to cancer. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 258), exposure to a pro-conspiracy (vs. anti-conspiracy) content related to cancer treatment was associated with more conspiracy beliefs, less intention to use chemotherapy and more intentions to use unconventional medicines. Exploratory analyses revealed that these effects were conditioned by the credibility of the misinformation. Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 462) replicated these findings using a full experimental design. Exposure (vs. no exposure) to a warning and accuracy prompt, prior to exposure to the pro-conspiracy content, was found to be effective in reducing its credibility and preventing its detrimental effects. These findings corroborate the existence of an effect of conspiracy beliefs on treatment intentions in oncology and also suggest several ways to mitigate them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon E. Blackwell, Angela Rölver, Jürgen Margraf, Marcella L. Woud
{"title":"The effect of positive mental imagery versus positive verbal thoughts on anhedonia","authors":"Simon E. Blackwell, Angela Rölver, Jürgen Margraf, Marcella L. Woud","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anhedonia, the loss of interest in and pleasure from previously enjoyable activities is a core symptom of depression and presents a major challenge to treatments. Interventions involving positive mental imagery generation have been suggested to reduce anhedonia. However, it is not clear whether the imagery component of such interventions is crucial for these effects. The current study aimed to test this by contrasting repeated generation of positive mental imagery versus positive verbal thoughts. Over a one-week period, 53 mildly anhedonic adults completed five sessions of a computerized training program involving the generation of either positive images or positive sentences. Compared to participants who generated sentences, participants who generated imagery showed greater improvements from pre- to post-training on an individualized multi-facetted measure of anhedonia (the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale), but not on standardized measures of anticipated pleasure (the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), depression symptoms, or positive affect. The present study supports the proposal that positive imagery could provide a route to improve anhedonia, with generation of imagery in particular (as opposed to positive thoughts in general) as an important driving mechanism for these effects. This has theoretical and clinical implications for understanding the role of imagery in anhedonia and its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selin Karakose, Martina Luchetti, Thomas Ledermann, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Angelina R. Sutin
{"title":"Daily relationship satisfaction and markers of health: Findings from a smartphone-based assessment","authors":"Selin Karakose, Martina Luchetti, Thomas Ledermann, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Angelina R. Sutin","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relationship satisfaction is associated consistently with better physical and mental health. Less is known about these associations in daily life, particularly the association between relationship satisfaction and cognitive health. This study examined the daily, within-person association between relationship satisfaction and subjective health markers, including cognitive health. Participants from the United States (<i>N</i> = 303; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 51.71, <i>SD</i> = 7.32) in the Couples Healthy Aging Project (CHAP) completed assessments of relationship satisfaction and health markers every night for eight days. Multilevel modeling was performed by accounting for personal (sex, age, race, education), relational (relationship duration), and contextual (day in the study, weekend day) factors. Within-person, on days when participants were more satisfied with their relationship, they felt healthier, younger, more satisfied with their life, and more purposeful. They also reported a sharper mind, better memory, and clearer thinking; relationship satisfaction was unrelated to whether participants were bothered and disrupted by forgetting. Results indicated that a satisfying romantic relationship is closely associated with better physical, psychological, and cognitive health markers in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of a meaning in life intervention applied to work: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Diana C. Ríos, Gonzalo Hervas","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meaning-based interventions have demonstrated promising outcomes in enhancing meaning in life. However, understanding their efficacy in diverse contexts requires further research. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a meaning-based intervention in a military sample and the impact of incorporating an additional emotion regulation module into the intervention. We conducted a randomized three-group parallel trial with active-duty military personnel: a waitlist control group (<i>n</i> = 21), a meaning-based intervention group (<i>n</i> = 42), and a meaning-based intervention with emotion regulation group (<i>n</i> = 43). Both intervention groups received six 2-hour sessions and a follow-up session 4 months later. Meaning in life and work-related variables, as well as well-being, depression, emotion regulation, and work-related factors, were assessed using a mixed-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that only the meaning-based intervention with an emotion regulation component significantly increased the presence of meaning in life. We also observed a trend toward improved well-being scores over time that did not emerge for the other intervention. This study provides initial support for the efficacy of meaning-based interventions within the military context when supplemented with emotion regulation skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han Meng, Shiyu He, Jiesi Guo, Huiru Wang, Xin Tang
{"title":"Applying machine learning to understand the role of social–emotional skills on subjective well-being and physical health","authors":"Han Meng, Shiyu He, Jiesi Guo, Huiru Wang, Xin Tang","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12624","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Social–emotional skills are vital for individual development, yet research on which skills most effectively promote students' mental and physical health, particularly from a global perspective, remains limited. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the most important social–emotional skills using global data and machine learning approaches. Data from 61,585 students across nine countries, drawn from the OECD Social–Emotional Skills Survey, were analyzed (N<sub>China</sub> = 7246, N<sub>Finland</sub> = 5482, N<sub>Colombia</sub> = 13,528, N<sub>Canada</sub> = 7246, N<sub>Russia =</sub>6434, N<sub>Turkey</sub> = 5482, N<sub>South Korea</sub> = 7246, N<sub>Portugal=</sub>6434, and N<sub>USA=</sub>6434). Six machine learning techniques—including Random Forest, Logistic Regression, AdaBoost, LightGBM, Artificial Neural Networks, and Support Vector Machines—were employed to identify critical social–emotional skills. The results indicated that the Random Forest algorithm performed best in the prediction models. After controlling for demographic variables, optimism, energy, and stress resistance were identified as the top three social–emotional skills contributing to both subjective well-being and physical health. Additionally, sociability and trust were found to be the fourth most important skills for well-being and physical health, respectively. These findings have significant implications for designing tailored interventions and training programs that enhance students' social–emotional skills and overall health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Swee-Ching Tan, Farhan Ali, Kenneth K. Poon
{"title":"Subjective well-being of children with special educational needs: Longitudinal predictors using machine learning","authors":"Amanda Swee-Ching Tan, Farhan Ali, Kenneth K. Poon","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12625","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children with special educational needs (SEN) are a diverse group facing numerous challenges related to well-being and mental health. Understanding the predictors of well-being in this population requires the incorporation of diverse factors along with approaches that can uncover complexity in how these factors work together to influence well-being. We longitudinally predicted subjective well-being in a group of children with diverse special educational needs (N = 499; M = 8.4 ± 0.9 years). Thirty-two variables - ranging from demographics to various categories of life experiences - were used as predictors for both nonlinear machine learning and classical linear classifiers. Nonlinear machine learning classifiers exhibited much performance in predicting subjective well-being (F1 score = 0.72 to 0.84) compared to traditional linear classifiers. Overall, across all children, prior subjective well-being, numeracy, literacy skills, and interpersonal dimensions played important roles. However, clustering further identified four distinct clusters sharing important predictors: a ‘socializer’ cluster dominated by interpersonal functioning predictors, an ‘analyzer’ cluster emphasizing academic skills predictors, and two clusters with more diverse sets of important predictors. Our research highlights the multiple pathways toward well-being in children with SEN as uncovered by machine learning, with implications for understanding and supporting their well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing student well-being through a positive psychology intervention: changes in salivary cortisol, depression, psychological well-being, and hope","authors":"Mari Laakso, Åse Fagerlund, Martin Lagerström","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12616","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The significant prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents is a major concern worldwide. The current study evaluates the impact of a year-long, school-based intervention, Flourishing Students, on adolescents' salivary cortisol levels, depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, and hope. Utilizing a cluster randomized design with intervention and control classes, 72 students engaged in 32 well-being lessons during academic year 2016–2017, whereas 68 students followed their standard curriculum. Depressive symptoms and psychological well-being were assessed at three time points, while the stress hormone cortisol and hope were measured at two. The results showed a slight increase in cortisol levels from baseline to post-intervention during school hours in the control group, whereas no change occurred in the intervention group. Additionally, total cortisol levels at post-intervention were slightly lower among intervention-group students compared with control group students. Questionnaire data revealed significant interaction effects on psychological well-being and hope from baseline to post-intervention, and on depression and psychological well-being from baseline to the 5-month follow-up. The intervention group scored lower in depressive symptoms and higher in psychological well-being and hope compared with the control group. These findings underscore the essential role of comprehensive assessment methods in evaluating intervention efficacy in well-being programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}