Ethology and sociobiology最新文献_第5页

Editor's note 编者按

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)90001-2

Michael McGuire (Editor-in-Chief)

引用次数: 0

Walking fast-ranking high: A sociobiological perspective on pace 走得快——排名靠前:从社会生物学角度看速度

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00070-4

Alain Schmitt, Klauz Atzwanger

{"title":"Walking fast-ranking high: A sociobiological perspective on pace","authors":"Alain Schmitt, Klauz Atzwanger","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00070-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00070-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexual selection theory says that because females are the limiting factor in reproduction, males have to compete for them. Females in turn choose among males. In humans, socioeconomic status is a much more important mate choice criterion of women than of men. Thus, striving for status and signaling status is more important for men. We chose walking to test this sex difference because upright posture and walking probably were under sexual selection pressure for a long time. The latter is illustrated by upright threat displaying, quite common in male primates; for example, men may walk stiff and erect and accelerate to vigorous striding, both to impress women and to threaten rivals (in which case they may also raise their arms). Moreover, gathering and hunting, the condition of all modern humans until about 15,000 years ago, implies a division of labor, with men playing the more mobile hunter part. In view of the outstanding importance of food for female reproduction, women probably highly valued men's hunting capabilities, among which are locomotory speed and perseverance. Long-standing quantitative data on walking speed also suggest a sex-specific association between pace and status. We hypothesized that habitual fast walking might be a means to acquire and/or to display status, and predicted a positive correlation between walking speed and socioeconomic status in men, not in women. We found that men walked faster, the higher their status, whereas the pace of women was independent of their status. This result held when proximate factors like age, body height, next destination, and number of dates were controlled for.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 451-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00070-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

A false antithesis and evolutionary psychology 一个错误的对立和进化心理学

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00054-O

William T. Wcislo

引用次数: 1

Dominance and reproductive success among nonhuman animals: A cross-species comparison 非人类动物的优势和繁殖成功:跨物种比较

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00050-U

Lee Ellis

{"title":"Dominance and reproductive success among nonhuman animals: A cross-species comparison","authors":"Lee Ellis","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00050-U","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00050-U","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper updates and extends Dewsbury's (1982) review of the literature on dominance and reproductive success (RS). The findings from approximately 700 studies are included, over two thirds of which were unavailable to Dewsbury. In order to give a highly condensed and yet meaningful overview, the main findings are represented in four tables, one for male nonprimates, one for female nonprimates, one for male primates, and one for female primates. In the tables for males, findings are analyzed in terms of six different indicators of RS, and in the tables for females, in terms of eight RS indicators.</p><p>Outside the primate order, evidence largely supported the hypothesis that high-ranking males enjoy greater RS than do subordinate males. For females, studies are more evenly divided between those supporting the hypothesis that high rank and RS are positively correlated and those indicating no significant rank-RS relationship. This may reflect both the lower saliency of hierarchical relationships among females, as well as the lower variability in RS among females, relative to males.</p><p>Among primates, a complex picture has emerged, especially in the case of males. Much of the complexity appears due to the importance of age and seniority in affecting dominance rank. Also, in some primate species, female preferences for sex partners seem to have little to do with the male's dominance rank, at least at the time mating takes place. Nevertheless, the majority of studies suggest that high- to middle-ranking males have at least a slight lifetime reproductive advantage over the lowest ranking males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 257-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00050-U","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 544

A people that shall dwell alone: Judaism as a group evolutionary strategy 一个将独自生活的民族:作为群体进化策略的犹太教

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)90035-7

John Hartung Ph.D.

引用次数: 2

The relationship between cumulative number of cohabiting partners and number of children for men and women in modern Sweden 现代瑞典男女同居伴侣累积数量与子女数量的关系

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00003-4

Anna Johanna Lindqvist Forsberg, Birgitta S. Tullberg

{"title":"The relationship between cumulative number of cohabiting partners and number of children for men and women in modern Sweden","authors":"Anna Johanna Lindqvist Forsberg, Birgitta S. Tullberg","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Societies with institutional monogamy may be effectively polygynous through some males having several wives in succession: serial monogamy. This study investigates the relationship between the number of cohabiting partners and the number of children in a modern society where serial monogamy is common in both sexes. Data from an investigation on cohabitation and reproduction were provided by the Swedish Statistics Bureau, where the oldest cohort were used to estimated “lifetime” number of partners and children. The analyses were repeated for the next-to-oldest cohort. About 78% males and 79% females had one partner, and about 15% of both sexes had more than one partner during their reproductive lifespan in the oldest cohort. Thus, monogamy was predominant, and serial monogamy was equally common among men and women. Serial monogamy was somewhat more frequent in the next-to-oldest cohort. Remating increased the number of offspring for males, but not for females, in both cohorts. This is in accordance with the idea of serial monogamy being a conditional reproductive strategy for males in a society with institutional monogamy. However, the reproductive costs and benefits for females of remating are obscure. In the oldest cohort of males there were significantly more unskilled laborers with no partner and no children compared to other socioeconomic categories. The same pattern, however nonsignificant, was found for the next-to-oldest cohort and, according to SSB data, is strong when even younger age groups are included. Data on socioeconomic status for females were not provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 221-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00003-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Is there a role for culture in human behavioral ecology? 文化在人类行为生态学中有什么作用吗?

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00001-2

Lee Cronk

{"title":"Is there a role for culture in human behavioral ecology?","authors":"Lee Cronk","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00001-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00001-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most research in human behavioral ecology has been acultural, which raises the question of how best to incorporate the concept of culture into this approach. A necessary step in this direction is to pare the culture concept down to its ideational elements, excluding behavior and its material products (Durham 1991; Geertz 1973; Keesing 1974). The cultural and reproductive success hypothesis, though empirically successful (Irons 1993), is not a model for all of culture because of widespread discrepancies between behavior and culture to which it does not call attention. Cultural transmission models are also weakened by such discrepancies, but, more importantly, such models are most relevant to phenomena different from those central to human behavioral ecology. A better way to incorporate culture into human behavioral ecology is to see it as the context of human action and as a tool people use in social manipulation. The study of signal systems is a key to an understanding of social manipulation and to the incorporation of culture into human behavioral ecology. Examples of the manipulation of culture for reproductive benefit include Yanomamö kin term manipulation (Chagnon 1988), incest rules (Thornhill 1990, 1991), and the derogation of sexual competitors (Buss and Dedden 1990). The human behavioral ecological study of social manipulation in cultural contexts needs to be expanded. Two phenomena that might shed light on such manipulation are the Rashomon effect and the audience effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 181-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00001-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Conflict and cooperation among the Vikings: Contingent behavioral decisions 维京人之间的冲突与合作：偶然行为决策

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00022-D

R.I.M. Dunbar, Amanda Clark, Nicola L. Hurst

引用次数: 57

The relationship between mood and preferences among natural landscapes: An evolutionary perspective 自然景观中情绪与偏好之间的关系:一个进化的视角

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00035-J

Linda Mealey, Peter Theis

{"title":"The relationship between mood and preferences among natural landscapes: An evolutionary perspective","authors":"Linda Mealey, Peter Theis","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00035-J","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00035-J","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolutionary approach to aesthetics contends that psychological responses to stimuli evolved because they contributed to survival and reproduction. Thus, psychological reactions to stimuli can be thought of as motivators of appropriate environment-contingent behavior. We explored this idea by examining the relationship between mood and landscape preference across individuals. We predicted that subjects who reported positive moods (e.g., cheerful, energetic, optimistic) would be motivated to explore, and thus, would prefer landscapes rich in “Prospect” (vast expanses and overviews), while subjects who experienced mood dysphoria (e.g., tense, depressed, fatigued) would be motivated to reduce stress, and thus, prefer landscapes rich in “Refuge” (enclosed, protected spaces). While not all of the predictions were confirmed, in general, landscape preferences were found to relate to mood in the manner predicted. These results suggest that mood can affect aesthetic judgment, and that this effect might be the result of a psychological mechanism evolved to facilitate adaptive behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00035-J","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Breast asymmetry, sexual selection, and human reproductive success 乳房不对称，性选择和人类繁殖成功

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00002-3

Anders Pape Møller, Manuel Soler, Randy Thornhill

引用次数: 135