Ethology and sociobiology最新文献_第4页

Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips: Role in judgments of female attractiveness and desirability for relationships 体重、腰臀比、乳房和臀部:在判断女性吸引力和恋爱欲望中的作用

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7

Devendra Singh, Robert K. Young

{"title":"Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips: Role in judgments of female attractiveness and desirability for relationships","authors":"Devendra Singh, Robert K. Young","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morphological features such as overall body fat, body fat distribution, as measured by waist-to-hip ratio, breast size, and hip width have been proposed to influence female attractiveness and desirability. To determine how the variations of these morphological features interact and affect the judgment of female age, attractiveness, and desirability for romantic relationships, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, college-age men rated female figures differing in body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and breast size for age, attractiveness, health, and desirability for short-and long-term relationships. Female figures with slender bodies, low waist-to-hip ratios, and large brasts were rated as most attractive, feminine looking, healthy, and desirable for casual and long-term romantic relationships. In Study 2, female figures with similar body weight and waist-to-hip ratios but differing hip widths and breast sizes were rated for the same attributes as in Study 1. Female figures with large breasts and narrow hips were rated as most youthful, attractive, and desirable for casual and long-term romantic relationships. It seems that larger body size, a high waist-to-hip ratio, and larger hips make the female figure appear older, unattractive, and less desirable for engaging in romantic relationships. Discussion focuses on the functional significance of interactions among various morphological features in determining female attractiveness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 483-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00074-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 312

Female health, attractiveness, and desirability for relationships: Role of breast asymmetry and waist-to-hip ratio 女性的健康、吸引力和对关系的渴望:乳房不对称和腰臀比的作用

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00073-9

Devendra Singh

{"title":"Female health, attractiveness, and desirability for relationships: Role of breast asymmetry and waist-to-hip ratio","authors":"Devendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00073-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00073-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of ordinarily bilaterally symmetrical traits in humans has been proposed to indicate developmental anomaly. Recent research has shown that individuals with minimal FA are judged to be attractive, and preferred as sexual partners (Thornhill and Gangestad 1993). Waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) have been also shown to reflect health and reproductive capability of woman and those with low WHRs are judged more attractive and healthy (Singh 1993a,b). The present study examines the relative roles of WHR and FA in female breasts in judgments of female attractiveness, health, and desirability for short-term and long-term relationships. Male college students were asked to judge attractiveness of female figures that differed in WHR (high and low) and breast symmetry (none, low, or high). In the first test, paired comparison method was used in which each figure was paired one at a time with all other figures. In the second test, subjects examined all figures simultaneously, estimated their age, and rated each figure for attractiveness, feminine looks, health, overall degree of body symmetry, and willingness to engage in short- and long-term relationship. Results from both tests show that figures with low WHRs were judged to be more attractive than figures with high WHRs, regardless of their degree of breast asymmetry. The figure with low WHR and symmetrical breasts was judged to be most attractive and youngest of all other figures. It appears that men use both WHR and breast asymmetry in judging attractiveness and being willing to develop romantic relationships. It is proposed that WHR and breast asymmetry may signal different aspects of overall female mate quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 465-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00073-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 139

The evolution of self-concealed ovulation in humans 人类自我隐藏排卵的进化

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00071-2

A.L.J. Freeman, H.Y. Wong

引用次数: 0

The persistence of gender stereotypes in the face of changing sex roles: Evidence contrary to the sociocultural model 面对不断变化的性别角色，性别刻板印象依然存在:与社会文化模式相反的证据

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00072-0

Lloyd B. Lueptow, Lori Garovich, Margaret B. Lueptow

{"title":"The persistence of gender stereotypes in the face of changing sex roles: Evidence contrary to the sociocultural model","authors":"Lloyd B. Lueptow, Lori Garovich, Margaret B. Lueptow","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00072-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00072-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prevailing explanations for gender differences rest upon the sociocultural model, which treats personality as a consequence of socialization for social roles. Though sex roles and attitudes toward them have changed dramatically in the United States over the past three decades, a review of 18 longitudinal studies of gender stereotypes and self-ratings shows stability in perceptions of sex-typed personality traits. Our study of 3600 students surveyed in six waves from 1974 to 1991 also shows stability and even a slight increase in sex typing. This accumulating evidence is inconsistent with the sociocultural explanation. It is more consistent with the currently emerging sociobiological research that holds gender differences reflect innate differences between the sexes resulting from their different reproductive strategies. We conclude that valid social psychological explanations for gendered personality traits cannot rest upon sociocultural models alone but must include interaction of this unchanging genetic underlay with changeable social structures and processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"Pages 509-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00072-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 110

Volume 16 contents 第16卷目录

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)90041-1

引用次数: 0

The origin and evolution of menopause: The altriciality-lifespan hypothesis 更年期的起源和演化:更年期-寿命假说

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00069-0

Jocelyn Scott Peccei

引用次数: 67

Reproductive status, family interactions, and suicidal ideation: Surveys of the general public and high-risk groups 生殖状况、家庭互动和自杀意念:对普通公众和高危人群的调查

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00055-0

Denys de Catanzaro

引用次数: 132

Sexual jealousy as a facultative trait: Evidence from the pattern of sex differences in adults from China and the United States 性嫉妒作为一种兼性特征:来自中国和美国成人性别差异模式的证据

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00057-7

David C. Geary, Michael Rumsey, C.Christine Bow-Thomas, Mary K. Hoard

{"title":"Sexual jealousy as a facultative trait: Evidence from the pattern of sex differences in adults from China and the United States","authors":"David C. Geary, Michael Rumsey, C.Christine Bow-Thomas, Mary K. Hoard","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00057-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00057-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across two studies, 716 and 308 undergraduate students from the United States and mainland China, respectively, were administered a series of measures on jealousy, emotional responses to partner infidelity, family background, and personality. Across both studies for the U.S. and Chinese samples, a higher proportion of males than females reported more distress to a partner's imagined sexual infidelity than to emotional infidelity, whereas a higher proportion of females than males reported more distress to a partner's emotional infidelity than to sexual infidelity, consistent with theoretical expectations and previous empirical research. However, a much higher proportion of U.S. males and females reported more distress to sexual infidelity than their same-sex Chinese peers, suggesting that the tendency toward sexual jealousy might be facultatively influenced by sexual permissiveness in the general culture. The overall pattern of results is considered in terms of individual and contextual differences in the expression of jealousy, as well as in terms of the emotional and behavioral responses associated with jealousy reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 355-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00057-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 131

The Westermarck trap: A possible factor in the creation of Frankenstein 威斯特马克陷阱:创造弗兰肯斯坦的一个可能因素

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00056-9

J.S. Price

引用次数: 4

The evolutionary psychology of physical attractiveness: Sexual selection and human morphology 生理吸引力的进化心理学:性选择与人类形态学

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2

Nigel Barber

{"title":"The evolutionary psychology of physical attractiveness: Sexual selection and human morphology","authors":"Nigel Barber","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psychological evidence suggests that sex differences in morphology have been modified by sexual selection so as to attract mates (intersexual selection) or intimidate rivals (intrasexual selection). Women compete with each other for high quality husbands by advertising reproductive value in terms of the distribution of fat reserves and by exaggerating morphological indicators of youthfulness such as a small nose and small feet and pale, hairless skin. Men's physical appearance tends to communicate social dominance, which has the combined effects of intimidating reproductive rivals and attracting mates. In addition to their attractiveness and intimidatory effects, human secondary sexual characters also provide cues to hormonal status and phenotypic quality consistent with the good genes model of sexual selection (which includes parasite resistance). Low waist-hip ratio is sexually attractive in women and indicates a high estrogen/testosterone ratio (which favors reproductive function). Facial attractiveness provides honest cues to health and mate value. The permanently enlarged female breast appears to have evolved under the influence of both the good genes and the runaway selection mechanisms. The male beard is not obviously related to phenotypic quality and may have evolved through a process of runaway intersexual selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"16 5","pages":"Pages 395-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 373