Aquacultural Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Fish behavior recognition based on an audio-visual multimodal interactive fusion network","authors":"Yuxin Yang ,&nbsp;Hong Yu ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wan Tu ,&nbsp;Lishuai Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the challenges imposed by fish behavior recognition, which arise from environmental noise and dim lighting in aquaculture environments and adversely affect the effectiveness of unimodal recognition methods based on either sound or visual cues, this paper proposes a fish behavior recognition model, Mul-SEResNet50, based on the fusion of audio and visual information. To address issues such as image blurring and indistinct sounds in aquaculture environments, which hinder the effectiveness of multimodal fusion and complementary modalities, a multimodal interaction fusion (MIF) module is introduced. This module integrates audio-visual modalities at multiple stages to achieve a more comprehensive joint feature representation. To enhance complementarity during the fusion process, we designed a U-shaped bilinear fusion structure to fully utilize multimodal information, capture cross-modal associations, and extract high-level features. Furthermore, to address the potential loss of key features, a temporal aggregation and pooling (TAP) layer is introduced to preserve more fine-grained features by extracting both the maximum and average values within pooling regions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, both ablation experiments and comparative experiments are conducted. The results demonstrate that Mul-SEResNet50 achieves a 5.04 % accuracy improvement over SEResNet50 without sacrificing detection speed. Compared to the state-of-the-art U-FusionNet-ResNet50 +SENet model, Mul-SEResNet50 achieves accuracy and F1 score improvements of 0.47 % and 1.32 %, respectively. These findings confirm the efficacy of the proposed model in terms of accurately recognizing fish behavior, facilitating the precise monitoring of fish behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multilevel lightweight fish respiratory frequency measurement method – Segmentation instead of detection","authors":"Shili Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiamin Lu ,&nbsp;Song Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuefei Li ,&nbsp;Chen Shi ,&nbsp;Daoliang Li ,&nbsp;Ran Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Respiratory frequency is an important physiological parameter for fish health. Traditional respiration detection methods have inherent frequency measurement error problems, and segmentation provides an innovative technique for respiration measurement. By shifting the focus from detection to segmentation, this approach provides robust and reliable support for measuring fish respiratory frequency accurately. However, the existing segmentation network models face challenges related to their large scale, high computational demands, and limited deployability at the edge. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces an easily portable, high-precision segmentation method based on lightweight network and network slimming technique, named PM-YOLOv5s-seg (Prune MobileNetv3-YOLOv5s Segmentation). PM-YOLOv5s-seg utilizes the MobileNetv3 network as its segmentation backbone, enabling the extraction of essential fish mouth features. Simultaneously, it employs depth separable convolution to reduce network parameters and calculation amounts. Furthermore, the model undergoes additional sparsification via channel pruning, significantly improving its efficiency. Finally, respiratory frequency modeling is performed on the obtained fish mouth segmentation results, utilizing innovative techniques such as Ellipse fitting, Kalman filtering, and polynomial fitting methods. Comparison with the state-of-the-art methods demonstrates the superiority of the multilevel lightweight segmentation model PM-YOLOv5s-seg in terms of detection accuracy, computational efficiency, and model size. This model achieves an optimal balance between the speed and accuracy in fish respiratory frequency measurement, which holds significant implications for fish welfare as well as disease detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of various carbon and nitrogen ratios in a jaggery-based biofloc rearing system on the Asian stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis","authors":"Prasenjit Mali ,&nbsp;Swagat Ghosh ,&nbsp;Gadadhar Dash ,&nbsp;Supratim Chowdhury","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofloc technology (BFT) is becoming popular in aquaculture. As the human population has rapidly increased, so has the demand for protein, driving the expansion of aquaculture. The increased use of aqua medicines in aquaculture has led to resistant microbes. BFT offers a promising, eco-friendly solution by promoting beneficial microbes to improve fish health and reduce chemical use, supporting the industry's long-term sustainability. BFT recycles waste without water exchange by maintaining an optimal carbon-nitrogen (C:N) ratio and adding an external carbon source, which promotes the growth of heterotrophic bacteria and other essential microbes that absorb ammonia from feed and waste, forming beneficial microbial aggregates. This study evaluated the effects of various C:N ratios in a jaggery-based BFT system on water quality, growth, feed efficiency, and the well-being of <em>Heteropneustes fossilis</em>. A completely randomized design with triplicates (2.33 kg/m³ in 1500 L tanks) was used to compare a control group without biofloc to three BFT treatments with C:N ratios of 8:1 (CN8), 12:1 (CN12), and 16:1 (CN16) over 180 days. Daily feeding was conducted at 5–2 % of the fish's body weight (initial weight of 5.0±0.5 g). Higher C:N ratios were linked to reduced dissolved oxygen, ammonia, and nitrite levels, alongside increased total suspended solids, floc volume, and heterotrophic bacteria counts, while the CN12 had the highest levels of beneficial microbes (Firmicutes and Actinobacteria), leading to superior fish growth, survival, and biomass compared to CN8 and CN16. The CN12 also showed better stress response, hematology, immunity, and antioxidant properties. Histologically, fish in CN12 and CN8 had healthier liver and intestines compared to CN16 and control. The results suggest that a C:N ratio of 12:1 was optimal for biofloc systems used in cultivating <em>H. fossilis</em>, enhancing both microbial growth and water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an image binarization software tool for net occlusion estimations","authors":"R. Cappaert ,&nbsp;W. Yang ,&nbsp;D.J. Ross ,&nbsp;C. Johnston ,&nbsp;C. MacLeod ,&nbsp;C.A. White","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Marine biofouling poses a set of challenges to the salmon aquaculture industry, where an accumulation of biota on pens can lead to significant net mesh occlusion. This can reduce flow rates, risking oxygen depletion. The industry currently manages this challenge through regular cleaning of nets, with sporadic manual visual estimations of net occlusion an important but time-consuming task. This study developed a simple automated desktop application to more regularly and more robustly quantify pen net occlusion caused by biofouling. This software application pre-processes and binarizes images collected from cameras currently used by the industry into water and non-water pixels. The percentage of net occlusion is then calculated from the binary image. Accurate binarization of representative images was achieved by training a deep learning network on images collected <em>in situ</em>. The resulting network attained a validation accuracy of 96.4 % and a mean test accuracy of 93.5 %. From the test images, 98.3 % of pixels annotated as non-water and 88.8 % of pixels annotated as water were correctly classified by the network. This automated tool has the capacity to better inform industry and create a more efficient cleaning framework based on the needs of individual pens, based on data that can be more readily obtained as compared to manual net inspections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860924000773/pdfft?md5=f554a28d1f31b73646b7bda6a1559b7d&pid=1-s2.0-S0144860924000773-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the efficiency of different commercial depuration systems and the evaluation of species-specific depuration conditions in bivalve mollusc production","authors":"İbrahim Ender Küni̇li̇","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assesses and compares the efficiency of three commercial depuration systems for live bivalve mollusc production. <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em> (Rp), <em>Ruditapes decussatus</em> (Rd), <em>Donax trunculus</em> (Dt), and <em>Venus verrucosa</em> (Vv) were used as research materials to evaluate full open (FO), semi-closed (SC), and closed cycle (CC) systems. Results reveal a logarithmic decrease in <em>Escherichia coli</em> levels during the initial six hours across all species. Rd achieved full depuration after 12 hours in the CC system and 24 hours in the FO system; Vv required 18 hours, while others needed up to 24 hours. At the 4600 MPN/100 g level, the CC system fortified by an ozone generator showed the most efficient depuration with the following results: 18 hours for Rp and Vv, 24 hours for Rd, and 36 hours for Dt. The SC system prolonged depuration times for all species. Species-specific filtration behaviour emerged as a crucial factor during contamination and depuration rates. Statistical analysis highlighted pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity as key parameters influencing depuration efficiency, with temperature showing lesser significance compared to other variables for effective species-specific system design. This study focuses on identifying the parameters affecting the depuration characteristics of different bivalve species and commercial systems, and predicting the effects of potential changes. The findings are expected not only to enhance scientific understanding in this field but also to contribute to the system designs and adaptation of existing businesses to various conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102468"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of carbon to phosphorus ratio on the performance of single-stage aerobic simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bioflocs","authors":"Jiayang Li ,&nbsp;Ze Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinlan Lv ,&nbsp;Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Hongxin Tan ,&nbsp;Wenchang Liu ,&nbsp;Guozhi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effluents from intensive aquaculture typically contain high nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Biofloc technology has demonstrated the potential for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate without ammonium nitrogen, and further optimization is needed to enhance the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of bioflocs in treating highly concentrated aquacultural wastewater at different carbon to phosphorus (C/P) ratios of 20 (G20), 30 (G30), and 40 (G40). The results showed that the nitrate removal rate in group G40 (1.25±0.07 mgN/gTSS/h) was significantly higher than in groups G20 and G30 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the phosphate removal rates of groups G40 and G30, while both exhibited superior G20. The relative abundance of <em>Thauera</em> in G40 was significantly higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), accounting for 8.74 % of the microbial community. Additionally, the copy counts of denitrification-related genes (<em>napA</em>, <em>nirS</em>, <em>nirK</em>, <em>nosZ</em>) and inorganic phosphate transport genes (<em>pqqC</em>) were significantly higher in G40, correlating positively with an increased C/P ratio. These results suggest that the excessive carbon source in G40 enhanced denitrification and reduced biofloc assimilation, thus failing to significantly enhance the phosphate removal rate. This study demonstrates that adjusting the C/P ratio alone can improve the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by bioflocs, and that a C/P ratio of 30 may be the most appropriate for enhancing the rate of nutrient removal while minimizing the use of carbon source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coupled vibrations of a rectangular frame and a flexible net subjected to waves and currents","authors":"Wude Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenlin Liang ,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yujiao Zhen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture cages are commonly used to culture fish in the open sea. The main structure of these cages consists of steel pipe frames. The frames are covered with flexible nets. Under the action of waves and currents, the frames and flexible nets may vibrate simultaneously. There is a dynamic interaction between them. In this paper, a rectangular frame is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the flexible net is simulated using the lumped-mass method. The hydrodynamic forces on the frame and net caused by waves and currents are calculated using Morison’s equation. A three-dimensional dynamic coupled model of the frame and flexible net is developed. The dynamic model is solved using numerical methods. After verifying the dynamic model, detailed analysis is conducted on the dynamic interactions between the frame and flexible net. The results show that under the action of waves and currents, the vibration amplitudes of the frame and flexible net become larger due to the interactions between them, while their vibration frequencies seldom change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102465"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of water supply parameters for enhanced thermal uniformity in aquaculture ponds: An experimental study based on orthogonal experimental design","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun Geng ,&nbsp;Zhongbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yadong Dai ,&nbsp;Hailin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The temperature distribution in aquaculture ponds plays a crucial role in the rearing of fish larvae. To achieve a more uniform temperature distribution in the pond and alleviate the problem of thermal stratification, precise control of pond temperature is essential. A recirculating aquaculture pond was taken as the test object. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were conducted to comprehensively test the aquaculture pond's water supply pipe layout, bend angle, perforation rate, and environmental conditions. Three evaluation indicators were used to analyze the temperature distribution of the aquaculture pond under various water supply pipe structures, leading to the identification of optimal structural configurations. The optimal structure I, obtained from single-factor experiments, was determined to be 2.5 m, 50 %, and 60°, while the optimal structure II, derived from orthogonal experiments, was 1.25 m, 75 %, and 30°. Both optimized structures exhibited significant temperature fluctuations in the pond during the summer season. However, Structure II demonstrated the lowest average temperature difference in the winter season, indicating its superior adaptability during winter. Moreover, Structure II could provide higher temperatures for shallow areas with depths greater than 600 mm, making it more suitable for fish larvae cultivation. Additionally, local devices effectively decreased temperature variations by 17.5 % within the pond. Furthermore, energy consumption output was evaluated for different operational conditions. The results showed that Structure II had the lowest energy consumption output during the summer season. In contrast, during the winter season, the energy consumption output increased by approximately 12 %, indicating significant energy-saving potential in aquaculture ponds during winter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102464"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of raceway based biofloc system on the growth and physiological responses of Penaeus vannamei and GIF tilapia in a polyculture model – BFT aquaculture system","authors":"M Joshna ,&nbsp;Ahilan B ,&nbsp;Cheryl Antony ,&nbsp;Ravaneswaran K ,&nbsp;Chidambaram P ,&nbsp;Uma A ,&nbsp;Ruby P ,&nbsp;Prabu E ,&nbsp;Somu Sunder Lingam R","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the efficiency of raceway-based biofloc technology for the production of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> and Genetically Improved Farmed tilapia in a polyculture model. Six raceway tanks were used to explore the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, bacterial count and histology of <em>P. vannamei</em> reared with GIF tilapia using raceway-based biofloc and clear water raceway culture systems. Each raceway (6.8 m x 2.2 m x 3 m) was stocked with 60 shrimp/m³ of <em>P. vannamei</em> (0.93±0.09 g), and 5 fish/m³ of GIF tilapia (0.42±0.01 g) and reared for 90 days. Biofloc, with a carbon: nitrogen ratio of 15:1, is developed and maintained using soyahull pellet powder as organic carbon source, with continuous aeration was provided. The present study found significantly higher weight gain of <em>P. vannamei</em> (16.09±0.26 g) and GIF tilapia (11.71±0.35 g) in raceway-based biofloc culture system. Survival of <em>P. vannamei</em> and GIF tilapia did not exhibit any significant variations between raceway-based biofloc and clear water raceway systems. Significantly higher digestive enzymes activities of protease (0.25±0.01 and 0.14±0.02 U/ mg protein/min), lipase (0.88±0.04 and 0.37±0.01 U/ mg protein/min) and amylase (0.008±0.00 and 0.0016±0.00 U/ mg protein/min) are recorded in <em>P. vannamei</em> and GIF tilapia in raceway-based biofloc culture system, respectively. Higher values of total heterotrophic bacteria (52.25±0.88×10⁴ CFU/ml, 49.63±1.10 ×10⁷ CFU/g and 53.12±0.44×10⁷ CFU/g) and bacillus counts (76.50±0.46×10² CFU/ml, 155.62±0.89×10² CFU/g and 238.75±0.82×10² CFU/g) are recorded in culture water, <em>P.vannamei</em> gut and GIF tilapia gut in raceway based biofloc culture system, respectively. No histopathological changes are observed in the GIF tilapia (gut), <em>P. vannamei</em> (gut and hepatopancreas), but deformities such as congestion of the tips of few secondary lamellae are noticed in the GIF tilapia (gill) reared in the clear water raceway system. Therefore, the study suggests that polyculture of <em>P. vannamei</em> and GIF tilapia in a raceway-based biofloc system is advantageous over the clear water raceway system in terms of production augmentation with improved physiological conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into different marine aquaculture infrastructures from a life cycle perspective","authors":"Lorenzo Rossi ,&nbsp;Michele Zoli ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Capoccioni ,&nbsp;Domitilla Pulcini ,&nbsp;Arianna Martini ,&nbsp;Jacopo Bacenetti","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquaculture facilities represent an often-neglected process in environmental impact studies. This study focus on the environmental impact assessment of alternative net materials in Mediterranean marine aquaculture. A Life Cycle Assessment was conducted using primary and secondary data from specific databases and literature. Three baseline scenarios were compared: copper alloy net cages with 100 % of recycled material (CAN100), 75 % of recycled material (CAN75), and polyethylene net (PEN) System boundaries include manufacturing and disposal of cages, nets, and mooring system. The use and emissions of antifouling paints and CAN were considered. Sensitivity analysis of the most impacting sub-processes and Uncertainty analysis were also conducted. The use of CAN is advantageous in terms of environmental impact, but only considering a complete recyclability of the net at the end of its service life. Moreover, when considering a reduced service life of the PEN due to the detrimental effect of biofouling, the advantage of the CAN is even more evident. To counteract the negative effect of biofouling, copper-based antifouling paints are generally used in marine aquaculture. These products are a main environmental hotspot in PEN systems. Therefore, a higher consumption of such products could determine an environmental burden shifting from CAN to PEN ones. So far, CAN are not widespread in the aquaculture industry, mainly due to the high cost of initial investment compared to traditional PEN. Considering operational and environmental advantages, CAN cages could represent an affordable and resilient solution for aquaculture enhancing environmental, economic, and social performances of this industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860924000736/pdfft?md5=722130f4d2e1dbac3c28ff9c5f689ecc&pid=1-s2.0-S0144860924000736-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}