Arab Journal of Urology最新文献

{"title":"In memoriam: Dr Mohamed F. Sukkarieh (1952–2021)","authors":"M. Moussa, M. Chakra","doi":"10.1080/2090598x.2021.2004036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598x.2021.2004036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 1","pages":"437 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45095519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urethral instillation of chlorhexidine gel is an effective method of sterilisation.","authors":"Osama Shaeer, Amr Abdel- Raheem, Haitham Elfeky, Ahmad Seif, Tarek M Abdel-Raheem, Amgad Elsegeiny, May Sherif Soliman, Emad B Basalious, Kamal Shaeer","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1956832","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1956832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>: To examine the effectiveness of preoperative urethral sterilisation with chlorhexidine gel in rendering the urethra as sterile as the skin of the genital area, with the skin sterilised as per the International Society for Sexual Medicine guidelines for penile prosthesis implantation. <b>Patients and methods</b>: A total of 111 male patients undergoing sterile andrological surgical procedures were divided into a control group (<i>N</i> = 61) and a chlorhexidine gel group (<i>N</i> = 50). Patients in the chlorhexidine group received urethral instillation with 6 mL of chlorhexidine preoperatively and on table. Patients from both groups received on-table skin preparation using povidone iodine and chlorhexidine povidone iodine. At the end of surgery, swabs were obtained from urethra and the penile skin. Skin and urethral swabs were compared for bacterial colonisation by culture and sensitivity. <b>Results</b>: Of the 111 patients, 16 had urethral colonisation and 10 had skin contamination, and they were all in the control group. The most common organism detected in both the urethral and skin samples was coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Urethral colonisation was significantly greater in the control group compared to the chlorhexidine group, at 16/61 vs 0/50 (<i>P</i> = 0.001). Similarly, skin colonisation was significantly greater in the control group compared to the chlorhexidine group, at 10/61 vs 0/50, (<i>P</i> = 0.002). <b>Conclusion:</b> Chlorhexidine gel is a powerful sterilising agent that will render the urethra sterile.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"419-422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial 'Men's Health'.","authors":"Ashok Agarwal,&nbsp;Ahmad Majzoub,&nbsp;Mohamed Arafa,&nbsp;Haitham ElBardisi","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1968135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1968135","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in gender-based medicine began in the 1960s with the emergence of the Women’s Health Movement in the USA[1]. Whereas, the interest in research on Male health started a decade later and coincided with advancements of the urology specialty[2]. However, advances in this field went on a slow pace till early 2000 when the study of men’s health witnessed major breakthroughs, allowing urologists to implement preventive and early therapeutic measures for a wide range of male health conditions. Some of these advances were: 1) in the field of male infertility, the development of different sperm retrieval methods allowed azoospermic patients who were otherwise deemed sterile, to father their biologic children[3]. Advancements in testicular tissue handling and sperm processing enhanced the surgical sperm retrieval rate and improved the outcome of assisted reproductive therapies in these patients. 2) improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of premature ejaculation allowed the discovery of new treatment modalities that were solely approved to treat such condition[4], 3) erectile dysfunction related research resulted in new treatments such as low intensity shock wave therapy and refinement in prosthetic surgery[5], 3) advances in testosterone replacement therapy ignited the importance of testosterone in various bodily functions other than sexual and reproductive health, resulting in improvement in the life style of males with hypogonadism[6],and finally, 4) recent interest in chronic pelvic pain syndrome, a debilitating clinical condition, allowed the institution of new methods for patient evaluation and the adaptation of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment which was proven to be effective in relieving patient suffering [7][]. The aim of this special issue is to shed light on key aspects of men’s health and to explore the latest advancements in this field of medicine. Section one discusses male reproduction focusing mainly on azoospermia with a series of articles that cover evaluation, medical treatment, surgical sperm retrieval and tissue and sperm handling following surgery. Section two focuses on sexual health and covers topics such as premature ejaculation, peyronies’ disease and erectile dysfunction. Section three focuses on chronic pelvic pain syndrome and explores new methods for patient evaluation and treatment. Finally, section four handles sexually transmitted diseases as well as emerging conditions and their implication on male sexual and reproductive health. We are confident that this special issue will be a useful guide for urologists, gynecologists, andrologists, embryologists, and other healthcare workers practicing reproductive medicine. In addition, it will be a valuable resource for students and researchers wishing to learn more about this subject. We are grateful to the team of highly acclaimed contributors, who have worked hard to share their latest, thoroughly researched and wellwritten articles. This publi","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39439990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The usefulness of elastography in the evaluation and management of adult men with varicocele: A systematic review.","authors":"Jibril Oyekunle Bello,&nbsp;Kamran Hassan Bhatti,&nbsp;Nazim Gherabi,&nbsp;Joseph Philipraj,&nbsp;Yash Narayan,&nbsp;Georgios Tsampoukas,&nbsp;Nisar Shaikh,&nbsp;Athanasios Papatsoris,&nbsp;Mohamad Moussa,&nbsp;Noor Buchholz","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1964256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1964256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the role of elastography in the evaluation and decision-making of adult, infertile men with varicocele.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search using the terms (Elastography) AND (Varicocele), (Stiffness) AND (Varicocele), (Elastography) AND (Male infertility) was performed in Pubmed/Medline. Studies reporting a) elastographic characteristics in varicocele-bearing comparing to normal testicles, and b) the correlation of elastography with varicocele grading, parameters of spermatogenesis, and outcomes of varicocele treatment were selected. Exclusion criteria were animal, adolescents, abstracts, and non-English language studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 453 articles were identified; 11 eligible studies were selected. Several modalities were used (shear wave elastography, strain elastography, quasistatic ultrasound elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse). Varicocele-bearing testicles have significantly different stiffness and elasticity in comparison to normal and non-varicocele testicles. Although not in full agreement, elastography readings are correlated with semen parameters. Conflicting results were reported regarding grading as most of the studies failed to demonstrate a significant correlation. Shear wave elastography showed a significant correlation with the improvement in semen parameters after varicocelectomy, but the association with pregnancy rates is unknown. Finally, no studies were identified comparing elastography with other modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Elastography can detect changes in the architecture of varicocele-bearing testicles. Although the role of the modality in grading is uncertain, elastography showed a meaningful correlation with spermatogenesis parameters. Importantly, elastography readings could predict the improvement in semen parameters after varicocelectomy which is useful in terms of decision-making in infertile men with varicocele.</p><p><strong>Abbreviations: </strong>ARFI: acoustic radiation force impulse; CDUS: colour Doppler ultrasonography; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; SWE: shear wave elastography; VC: varicocele.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39462402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peyronie's disease - outcomes of collagenase <i>clostridium histolyticum</i> injection: A systematic review.","authors":"Austin T Mefford,&nbsp;Omer Raheem,&nbsp;Faysal A Yafi,&nbsp;Laith M Alzweri","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1957411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1957411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review recent literature pertaining to collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCh)and other intralesional (IL) therapies for the treatment of Peyronie's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of literature was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed.'Peyronie's Disease Clostridium Histolyticum', 'Peyronie's Disease Intralesional', 'Peyronie'sDisease Causes', and 'Atypical Peyronie's Disease' were used as query entries. Inclusion criteriarequired English text from 1980 onwards and have a full text available. Records were reviewed for study power, accuracy, and relevance to our research topic. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent literature supports the notion that CCh is the most effective IL treatment forpatients with typical and atypical PD. The capstone CCh study was the IMPRESS trial thatshowed a 34% reduction in curvature with a mean (SD) - 17.0 (14.8)° reduction with IL CCh,while men in the placebo saw an average 18.2% decrease in penile bend with a mean (SD) - 9.3 (13.6)° per person (P < 0.001). A shortened protocol for IL CCh treatment offered a 31.4%reduction in curvature, while decreasing cost and office visits, potentially increasing patientcompliance. Lastly, literature shows CCh is used most in atypical cases, with ~64.8% of patients being treated with CCh, probably because of the high efficacy and safetyprofile that it offers. Serious complications associated with CCh include urethralinjury, corporal rupture, and penile fracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since the approval of CCh by the United States Food and Drug Administration in2013, it has been a staple in the treatment of PD, and here we report the continuedsuperiority of this therapy. CCh is an effective, minimally invasive option in most PDpopulations; however, recent changes have made CCh unavailable for commercial use outside the United States, impacting many patients who have previously benefited.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract and fertility: A systematic review.","authors":"Pallav Sengupta, Kristian Leisegang, Ashok Agarwal","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1955554","DOIUrl":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1955554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains an ongoing public health challenge. Although males are affected slightly more than females, the impact of SARS-COV-2 on male reproductive system remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of COVID-19 on male reproductive health, including the presence of viral RNA in semen, and the impact on semen quality, testicular histology, testicular pain and male reproductive hormones. The global health is fronting an immediate as well as impending threat from the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19), that inflicts more males than females. Evidence suggest that male reproductive system is susceptible to this viral infection. However, there are still several pertinent queries that remain to be fully explained regarding the mechanism in testicular SARS-CoV-2 dynamics and the exact mode of its actions. Thus, the present systematic review aims to provide a concise update on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on male reproduction..</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines searching the PubMed database. Eligibility for inclusion were original human studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health. Specific outcomes required for inclusion were at least one of the following: i) seminal detection of mRNA virus, or evaluation of ii) semen analysis, iii) testicular histology or ultrasonography, iv) testicular clinical symptoms and/or v) male reproductive hormones in COVID-19-positive patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 553 retrieved articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. This included studies primarily investigating the presence of viral RNA in semen (<i>n</i> = 12), semen quality (<i>n</i> = 2), testicular histology (<i>n</i> = 5), testicular pain (<i>n</i> = 2) and male reproductive hormones (<i>n</i>= 4). Results show little evidence for the presence of viral RNA in semen, although COVID-19 seems to affect seminal parameters, induce orchitis, and cause hypogonadism. Mortality cases suggest severe histological disruption of testicular architecture, probably due to a systemic and local reproductive tract inflammatory response and oxidative stress-induced damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical evaluation of the male reproductive tract, seminal parameters and reproductive hormones is recommended in patients with current or a history of COVID-19, particularly in males undergoing fertility treatment. Any long-term negative impact on male reproduction remains unexplored and an important future consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39440279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone treatment improves liver function and reduces cardiovascular risk: A long-term prospective study.","authors":"Ahmad Al-Qudimat,&nbsp;Raed M Al-Zoubi,&nbsp;Aksam A Yassin,&nbsp;Mustafa Alwani,&nbsp;Omar M Aboumarzouk,&nbsp;Khaled AlRumaihi,&nbsp;Raidh Talib,&nbsp;Abdulla Al Ansari","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1959261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1959261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: To report the association between testosterone treatment in hypogonadal men with hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD). <b>Methods:</b> A prospective study was conducted to assess the physiological and functional performance of the long-term effects of testosterone undecanoate treatment on hepatic steatosis in 496 hypogonadal men. Two groups were studied, the treatment group (T-group) of 312 patients treated with TU 1000 mg every 12 weeks and followed for 8 years, and an untreated control group (C-group) of 184 patients. We evaluated liver functions and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) according to Mayo Clinic parameters and guidelines. <b>Results:</b> The T-group showed a decrease in the FLI (from a mean [SD] of 83.70 [12.15] to 67.12 [19.21]), bilirubin (from a mean [SD] of 1.69 [4.21] to 1.31 [1.91] mg/dL), triglycerides (from a mean [SD] of 254.87 [92.99] to 213.37 [66.91] mg/dL), and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (from a mean [SD] of 39.45 [11.51] to 29.11 [7.68] U/L) over the duration of the study. Other parameters were also reduced in the T-group such as body mass index (from a mean [SD] of 31.59 [4.51] to 29.50 [3.84] kg/m²) and waist circumference (from a mean [SD] of 107.51 [9.95] to 101.86 [9.28] cm). A total of 25 deaths (7.8%) were recorded in the T-group, among them, 11 (44%) were related to CVD. While in the C-group 28 deaths (15.2%) were recorded and all the reported deaths (100%) were related to CVD. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings suggest that long-term testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men improves liver function. While, the physiological and functional improvements in the liver may be associated with a decrease in CVD-related mortality. Abbreviations ALT: alanine transaminase; AR: androgen receptor; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease; FLI: Fatty Liver Index; γ-GT: gamma-glutamyl-transferase; MetS: metabolic syndrome; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; RCT: randomised controlled trial; T2DM: type II diabetes mellitus; TT: total testosterone; TTh: testosterone therapy; TU: testosterone undecanoate; WC: waist circumference.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"376-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the latest developments in testosterone therapy: Innovations, advances, and paradigm shifts.","authors":"Raed M Al-Zoubi,&nbsp;Aksam A Yassin,&nbsp;Mustafa Alwani,&nbsp;Ahmad Al-Qudimat,&nbsp;Omar M Aboumarzouk,&nbsp;Ahmad Zarour,&nbsp;Abdulla Al Ansari","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1959260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1959260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review the latest innovations and advances in testosterone treatments including their advantages and disadvantages and to address important issues in testosterone therapy (TTh).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. The PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched using specifically related key words. The identified studies were screened for inclusion criteria that included studies discussing one of the four objectives of the systematic review: 1) cut-off references, 2) prevention/remission of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 3) duration of treatment, and 4) prostate, lower urinary tract symptoms, prostate health, or cancer. The search was limited to the past 15 years. Any studies were not written in English were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial literature search retrieved 393 studies. After screening four studies were removed due to duplication, 360 studies were further excluded after reviewing the title, abstract or the whole manuscript due to different exclusion criteria or being not focussed on the objective. Finally, 29 studies were included in the review. One study discussed the cut-off value, four studies discussed the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on the control of T2DM, four studies on duration of TRT, and 20 studies discussed the effects of TRT on the prostate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of TTh in overtly hypogonadal men. There are several possible administration routes for testosterone treatment. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of the method of TRT will often be determined by patient preference or co-medication (no intramuscular injections in patients under coumarin or similar anticoagulants). Although new developments are promising, it seems that among the available treatments, only transdermal gel delivery and long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate provide pharmacokinetic behaviour that gives a steady state level within a physiological range.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"370-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-pharmacological treatments for chronic orchialgia: A systemic review.","authors":"Kareim Khalafalla,&nbsp;Mohamed Arafa,&nbsp;Haitham Elbardisi,&nbsp;Ahmad Majzoub","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1958469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1958469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>: To review the outcomes of various therapeutic modalities that can be offered to patients with chronic orchialgia (CO) after failed conservative treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases searching for articles exploring different CO treatment modalities. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach was used to report the results of the literature search.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>: A total of 34 studies were included for qualitative analysis. Most of the studies explored microsurgical spermatic cord denervation (MSCD; <i>n</i> = 19). Eight studies involved devices and interventions directed at blocking nerve sensations (pulsed radiofrequency stimulation, <i>n</i> = 5; transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, <i>n</i> = 1; cryoablation, <i>n</i> = 1; and mechanical vibratory stimulation, <i>n</i> = 1). Five studies reported on vasectomy reversal as a modality to relieve post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS), while two studies explored the outcomes of orchidectomy on pain relief in patients with CO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Several treatment methods are available in the urologist's armamentarium for the treatment of CO. MSCD appears to be an appealing treatment modality with encouraging outcomes. Neuropathic pain can be managed with a number of relatively non-invasive modalities. Vasectomy reversal is a sound treatment approach for patients with PVPS and ultimately orchidectomy is a terminal approach that can be discussed with patients suffering from intractable pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"401-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8451689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39441349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on the treatment of premature ejaculation: A systematic review.","authors":"Ramadan Saleh,&nbsp;Ahmad Majzoub,&nbsp;Mohammed Abu El-Hamd","doi":"10.1080/2090598X.2021.1943273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1943273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyse the current therapeutic options for patients with premature ejaculation (PE) and highlight their mechanism(s) of action, effectiveness, advantages and limitations. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database searching for articles exploring different PE treatment modalities. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach was used to report the results of the literature search. A total of 149 articles were included in this review. The currently available treatment methods for PE include behavioural therapy, local anaesthetics, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Most PE treatments are either experimental or used off-label. New treatments are certainly warranted to overcome this exasperating sexual dysfunction. <b>Abbreviations:</b> AIPE: Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation; CNS: central nervous system; CYP: cytochrome P450; ED: erectile dysfunction; FDA: United States Food and Drug Administration; H1: histamine receptors; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IELT: The intravaginal ejaculation latency time; IPE: Index of Premature Ejaculation; M1: muscarinic receptors; OCD: obsessive-compulsive disorder; PDE5: phosphodiesterase type 5; PE: premature ejaculation; PEP: Premature Ejaculation Profile; PRO: patient-reported outcome; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SS: Severance Secret (cream); SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TCAs: tricyclic antidepressants.</p>","PeriodicalId":8113,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Urology","volume":"19 3","pages":"281-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2090598X.2021.1943273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39462406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}