Aquaculture Research最新文献

{"title":"Feed From Waste: A Circular Economy Approach for Sea Urchin Aquaculture","authors":"L. Meroni,&nbsp;V. Asnaghi,&nbsp;S. Baldassari,&nbsp;G. Drava,&nbsp;G. Caviglioli,&nbsp;S. Marzorati,&nbsp;M. Sugni,&nbsp;M. Chiantore","doi":"10.1155/are/8107862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/8107862","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine organisms offer a vast and still underutilized reservoir of biomolecules and biomaterials with promising applications across various human sectors. Among them, sea urchins—such as <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>—stand out due to their high content of biogenic carbonates, making them particularly relevant within circular economy strategies and blue growth frameworks. <i>P. lividus</i> is a prized delicacy in Italy and other countries; however, only the gonads (roe) are consumed, while the majority of the biomass is discarded as waste. Despite ongoing efforts to establish full-cycle aquaculture systems, the market supply in Europe remains predominantly reliant on wild harvesting, leading to overexploitation and depletion of natural populations in several regions. In this study, we explored the potential to valorize waste generated by the seafood industry, particularly the carbonate-rich test of <i>P. lividus</i>, by incorporating it into experimental aquafeeds. The rationale was that a biogenic carbonate source, naturally enriched with magnesium and antioxidants derived from pigments in the test and spines, could enhance both somatic and gonadal growth in cultured urchins. Results demonstrated that it is possible to formulate a stable, effective feed that supports gonad development. Moreover, feeds containing sea urchin-derived biocarbonates exhibited higher antioxidant activity compared to formulations based on commercial inorganic calcium carbonate, even when supplemented with synthetic antioxidants. These findings suggest that incorporating biogenic waste into aquafeeds not only supports sustainable aquaculture practices but may also improve feed shelf life and promote better health and performance in cultured sea urchins.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/8107862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Biomass Production and Cellular Biochemical Traits of Thalassiosira weissflogii for Live-Feed Applications","authors":"Manning Lei,&nbsp;Kun Lin,&nbsp;Xinlu Wu,&nbsp;Zhaojun Zeng,&nbsp;Wencheng Yang,&nbsp;Jianjun Cui,&nbsp;Yulei Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Li,&nbsp;Qianru Li","doi":"10.1155/are/9866635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/9866635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unicellular microalgae are widely used as live-feed organisms in aquaculture hatcheries, and their growth performance and biochemical characteristics are important factors influencing their potential application in hatchery systems. This study investigated the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supplementation at six concentrations (0, 5, 15, 25, 35, and 45 μmol·L⁻¹) on the growth performance and biochemical characteristics of <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i>. Specific growth rate, cell density, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugar, protein content, and relative lipid-associated signals were measured to assess the effects of IAA supplementation on biomass production and cellular biochemical characteristics in <i>T. weissflogii</i>. IAA exerted concentration-dependent effects on culture productivity and cellular biochemical characteristics. The 5 μmol·L⁻¹ IAA treatment resulted in the highest final cell density (2.19 × 10⁶ cells·mL⁻¹) and specific growth rate (20.37%·day⁻¹), whereas the 15 μmol·L⁻¹ treatment showed the highest chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents among all treatments. Soluble sugar content increased progressively with increasing IAA concentrations, whereas protein content and relative lipid-associated signals exhibited distinct response patterns depending on IAA concentration. These findings suggest that appropriate IAA supplementation can enhance biomass production and modulate cellular biochemical characteristics of <i>T. weissflogii</i>, providing experimental evidence for optimizing cultivation strategies of <i>T. weissflogii</i> biomass production for future live-feed applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/9866635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe Calcium Hydroxide Concentrations for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles in RAS: An Integrated Assessment of Growth, Gill Health, and Skin Coloration","authors":"Michele Cristina Nunes,&nbsp;Etilenia Albertino Dias,&nbsp;Samuel Cunha Oliveira Giordani,&nbsp;Conceição Aparecida dos Santos,&nbsp;Marcelo Mattos Pedreira","doi":"10.1155/are/7394831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/7394831","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intensive systems require more efficient and fast-acting alkalizing agents. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) on water quality, growth performance, skin coloration, and gill histology of Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) juveniles raised in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Two hundred juveniles were randomly distributed into five treatments with four replicates and exposed to 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 g/L of Ca(OH)₂ for 60 days. The 0.02 g/L dose was the most efficient, promoting a significant increase in survival, final biomass, and biomass gain (<i>p</i>  &lt; 0.05), in addition to maintaining stable water quality parameters. In contrast, doses of 0.03 and 0.04 g/L caused total mortality before the end of the experiment due to sharp increases in pH in the first 24 h after application, highlighting the toxic potential of excessive alkalinization. Histological analyses showed that fish exposed to 0.02 g/L presented preserved gill morphology, while the control group exhibited hyperplasia and aneurysms, and fish subjected to 0.01 g/L showed epithelial detachment and alterations in mucous cells. Juveniles cultivated in 0.02 g/L showed greater skin color saturation, indicating better physiological condition and well-being. The beneficial effects observed at this dose are associated with increased buffering capacity and stabilization of the culture environment, reducing physiological stress and promoting better metabolic performance. These results demonstrate that Ca (OH)₂ can be used as an effective alkalizing agent in RAS systems, with 0.02 g/L being the safest and most efficient dose for juvenile Nile tilapia, while higher concentrations should be avoided due to their toxic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/7394831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Acute Alkalinity Stress on Liver Morphological Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolism in Pseudobagrus ussuriensis","authors":"Chenran Lv,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang,&nbsp;Feng Yang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Sun,&nbsp;Xiang Cao,&nbsp;Liming Zhao,&nbsp;Qian Qi","doi":"10.1155/are/5018049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5018049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A controlled level of alkalinity is necessary for aquaculture, as alkali stress is a major factor restricting the growth and survival of fish. To investigate the stress response, <i>Pseudobagrus ussuriensis</i> with a mean body weight of 10 ± 1.36 g were subjected to alkali stress for 96 h (0 mmol/L, control group, CON; 1.1 mmol/L, low concentration stress group, LC; and 11 mmol/L, high concentration stress group, HC) based on preliminary experiments (the LC₅₀ value at 96 h was 11.84 mmol/L; the safe concentration (SC) value was 1.184 mmol/L). The liver cells of the two stress groups showed blurred outlines, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vacuolization compared with the CON group. After 12 h of alkali stress, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the LC and HC groups increased markedly compared to the CON group (83.65 ± 2.88 U/g) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). After 48 h of stress, the catalase (CAT) activity of the LC and HC groups decreased significantly, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The Ca²⁺ content of the LC groups was increased continuously, while the HC groups peaked after 6 h (10.46 ± 0.20 µmol/g) and 48 h of stress (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Metabolomic analysis further revealed significant changes in the metabolite concentrations. Enriched pathways (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) included energy metabolism, ion transport, protein digestion/absorption, amino acid biosynthesis, calcium balance, ABC transporter activity, and cAMP signaling. <i>P. ussuriensis</i> showed limited tolerance to alkaline conditions. Alkali stress rapidly altered liver morphology, impaired antioxidant function, and disrupted osmoregulation and pH balance by affecting energy metabolism and ion transport pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing <i>P. ussuriensis’s</i> metabolic responses to alkali stress. Insights into these pathways can aid in breeding fish with enhanced tolerance to saline-alkali conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/5018049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Pomegranate Peel Extract Modulates Immune and Digestive Enzyme Activities and Transcriptomic Responses in Apostichopus japonicus","authors":"Huiyao Li,&nbsp;Yifan Liang,&nbsp;Jianshao Wu,&nbsp;Yanting Chen,&nbsp;LiBin He,&nbsp;Huiyu Luo,&nbsp;Qiuhua Yang,&nbsp;Qi Lin","doi":"10.1155/are/3789664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/3789664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) represents an economically significant aquaculture species, yet its intensive cultivation is increasingly challenged by disease outbreaks, notably skin ulcer syndrome. As antibiotic use raises concerns regarding resistance and residues, plant-based alternatives are being explored. This study evaluated the effects of dietary pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PPE) on nonspecific immunity and digestive function in <i>A. japonicus</i>. Animals were fed diets containing 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5% PPE for 28 days. Enzyme activities were assessed in body wall and intestinal tissues, while transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify gene expression changes associated with immune and metabolic pathways. Results indicated that PPE supplementation significantly enhanced activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme in body wall tissues, with the most pronounced effects observed at the 3% inclusion level. Among digestive enzymes, trypsin, amylase, and cellulase activities were significantly increased at higher PPE levels (3%–5%), whereas lipase activity showed a decrease at 1% PPE and an increase at 3%–5%, indicating a variable dose-dependent pattern that was not uniform across all enzymes. Transcriptomic profiling of the 3% PPE group revealed differentially expressed genes prominently enriched in two core immune-related pathways: antigen processing and presentation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, whose related genes were remarkably upregulated relative to the control group. This study provides a physiological and molecular basis for the potential application of pomegranate peel as a functional feed additive in sustainable sea cucumber aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/3789664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Possible Noninfectious Factors Associated With Exophthalmos in Intensively Farmed Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata)","authors":"Bo Qin,&nbsp;Na Ying,&nbsp;Yuan Wang,&nbsp;Rui Li,&nbsp;Yanqing Wu,&nbsp;Zhixing Su,&nbsp;Bianbian Zhang,&nbsp;Di Peng,&nbsp;Xuefeng Song,&nbsp;Yuguang Chen","doi":"10.1155/are/5858788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/5858788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Centropristis striata</i>, a cold-tolerant and intensively farmed marine aquaculture species, suffers from “exophthalmos” during cultivation, which affects production and economic returns, with the causes remaining unknown. Molecular tests detected no positive results for <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>, nervous necrosis virus (NNV), or <i>Amyloodinium ocellatum</i>. Histopathology revealed corneal structural disruption and obvious hepatocellular damage. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on cornea and brain tissues from diseased and healthy fish. Principal component analysis (PCA) and PERMANOVA confirmed significant intergroup differences in brain tissue (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). A total of 772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in brain tissue, including 493 upregulated and 279 downregulated genes. GO annotation analysis revealed that the significantly enriched pathways associated with protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and genetic information transmission. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up-regulated DEGs were involved in pathways related to environmental information processing, human diseases, and organismal systems, while the down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in metabolism-related pathways including ribosome function, mitochondrial function, and oxidative phosphorylation. GO and KEGG analyses showed that downregulated DEGs were mainly related to ribosome function, mitochondrial respiration, and oxidative phosphorylation, while upregulated DEGs were enriched in pathways associated with environmental stress and signal transduction. Biochemical assays verified decreased ATP content and oxidative stress imbalance in diseased fish. qRT-PCR results were consistent with transcriptomic data. Comprehensive analysis indicates that exophthalmos in <i>C. striata</i> is not associated with the three tested pathogens but is likely triggered by environmental stressors, including high stocking density, hypoxia, and high ammonia nitrogen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of exophthalmos by optimizing culture management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/5858788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Blue/Red Light Ratios on Biomass Productivity, Nitrogen, and Carbon Content in Filamentous Green Algae Dominated Metaphyton","authors":"Peter E. D’Aiuto,&nbsp;Erin N. Rosskopf,&nbsp;Robert Shatters Jr.,&nbsp;Wesley A. Schonborn,&nbsp;Weiqi Luo,&nbsp;Christopher R. Lasser,&nbsp;Jason C. Hong","doi":"10.1155/are/4035995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/4035995","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exposure to specific light wavelengths can influence algal biomass production and nutrient uptake. In this two-part study, we evaluated how locally sourced filamentous algal assemblages (metaphyton) responded to mixtures of blue (420 nm) and red (660 nm) light while grown on algal turf scrubbers (ATSs) and in beakers. Using light-emitting diode (LED) lighting, we measured changes in biomass, total nitrogen (TN), and total carbon (TC). The ATS experiment consisted of three temporal blocks with three replicate units per treatment per block (<i>n</i> = 9), and the beaker experiment included five temporal blocks with three replicates per treatment per block (<i>n</i> = 15). In ATS units, metaphyton productivity was highest under 30% blue: 70% red (B30:R70) and B20:R80 light mixtures. Pure blue light produced the highest TN as a percent of total biomass, while TC did not differ among treatments. Considering both biomass accumulation and nitrogen content, B30:R70 emerged as one of the most effective treatments for nitrogen capture. Assemblages were dominated by Oedogonium (45%), Rhizoclonium (33%), and Nodularia (17%). In beakers, biomass was greatest under B25:R75, though not statistically different from B50:R50 or B0:R100. As in ATS trials, pure blue light yielded the highest TN as a percent of total biomass. The B25:R75 mixture showed the highest mean nitrogen-capture response but should be viewed as promising rather than a statistically confirmed optimum. Neither B25:R75 nor B0:R100 differed from white light in biomass accumulation, TN, or TC. Assemblages were primarily Oedogonium (91%), with desmid chains (6%) and Spirogyra (1%).</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/4035995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Lycium chinense Leaf Polysaccharides Enhance Glucose Utilization and Antioxidant Capacity in Micropterus salmoides Fed High-Starch Diets","authors":"Junde Fan,&nbsp;Qinzhi Xu,&nbsp;Shaochun Liu,&nbsp;Xixun Zhou,&nbsp;Jie Mei,&nbsp;Jianzhou Tang,&nbsp;Rossita Shapawi,&nbsp;Annita Seok Kian Yong","doi":"10.1155/are/4837721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/4837721","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the effects of dietary <i>Lycium chinense</i> leaf polysaccharides (LCP) on glucose (GLU) utilization and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) fed high-starch diets. Fish were fed 20% starch diets supplemented with 0, 300, 900, or 1500 mg/kg LCP for 8 weeks, alongside a 10% starch control. High-starch feeding (20% starch) did not significantly impair growth performance or induce hyperglycemia compared to the low-starch control (10% starch), indicating metabolic tolerance to moderate carbohydrate loads in this species. LCP supplementation did not significantly improve growth performance or feed efficiency at any tested dose. At 300 mg/kg, LCP produced the most consistent effects across multiple parameters, including reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and vacuolation, increased intestinal villus height, and restored hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and total antioxidant capacity [T-AOC]) and partially restored catalase (CAT) toward low-starch control levels. LCP supplementation also reduced hepatic transaminase activities (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) toward low-starch control levels. At 1500 mg/kg, LCP significantly reduced plasma GLU and triglycerides (TGs), while hepatic enzyme protein profiles for glucokinase (GK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) shifted toward low-starch control patterns. Total cholesterol (TC) increased with LCP supplementation, and higher doses (900–1500 mg/kg) showed variable effects on antioxidant parameters. Notably, the mechanism underlying the cholesterol response remains unclear. These findings indicate that LCP effects are parameter-specific and dose-dependent, with the optimal dose varying by target tissue or metabolic endpoint. The observed changes in enzyme protein levels, as measured by ELISA, may not directly reflect catalytic activity in vivo, and future work should employ direct enzymatic assays and metabolic flux measurements to clarify the functional consequences of LCP supplementation in carnivorous fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/4837721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma Irradiation Improves Defatted Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal as a Partial Fishmeal Substitute for Litopenaeus vannamei: Growth, Nutrient Utilization, Intestinal Microbiota, and Environmental-Economic Sustainability","authors":"Wenkui Zhao,&nbsp;Keren Chen,&nbsp;Xiaojie Lu,&nbsp;Longfei Lu,&nbsp;Xiujuan Wang,&nbsp;Wenji Wang,&nbsp;Yubo Wu,&nbsp;Xing Ren","doi":"10.1155/are/3362973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/3362973","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study was conducted to evaluate whether gamma (γ)-irradiation improves the efficacy of defatted <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae (HIL) meal as the fishmeal protein substitute in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. The reference diet (diet R) contained 400 g/kg fishmeal, while two experimental diets replaced 50% of fishmeal with either nonirradiated (diet HIL) or γ-irradiated defatted HIL meal (diet HIL5). Compared to group R, both average final body weight (FBW) and weight gain exhibited an increasing trend with the inclusion of defatted HIL meal, particularly with γ-irradiated HIL. Lower feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) while increased retention efficiencies of carbon (CRE), nitrogen, and phosphorus were observed in groups HIL and HIL5 than the R group. Additionally, with the incorporation of either γ-irradiated or nonirradiated defatted HIL meal, significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), carbon waste, nitrogen waste, phosphorus waste, relative usage of fishmeal and fish oil, and the ratio of fish-in to fish-out, whereas increased economic conversion ratio, economic profitability index, and profitability were observed compared to the shrimp fed a fishmeal-based diet. Microbial analysis revealed a trend toward increased Pseudomonadota (<i>Ruegeria</i> and <i>Vibrio</i>) and decreased Bacillota (<i>Streptococcus</i>), though no statistical differences in alpha diversity or microbial community structure were observed. No adverse effects were detected in body components, digestive enzyme activities, or hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity (AOC). These results demonstrate that γ-irradiated defatted HIL meal can effectively replace 50% of dietary fishmeal (from 400 to 200 g/kg) without compromising growth performance, antioxidant status, or intestinal health in <i>L. vannamei</i>. Moreover, this substitution improves feed utilization, economic viability, and environmental sustainability by reducing waste output and fishery dependence.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/3362973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shrimp-Centred Multi-Trophic Aquaculture in Recirculating, Biofloc and Controlled Systems: A Structured Evidence Review of Ecological Promise and Commercial Gaps","authors":"Heiko Heitur,&nbsp;Indrek Adler,&nbsp;Jonne Kotta","doi":"10.1155/are/7035354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/are/7035354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intensive shrimp farming in recirculating, biofloc and other controlled systems concentrates dissolved nutrients, suspended particles and microbial biomass within the production loop. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) may convert these waste fractions into harvestable biomass, but its ecological performance and commercial readiness remain uncertain. This structured evidence review synthesised 65 studies of shrimp-centred IMTA in controlled production systems. Macroalgae and halophytes generally reduced dissolved ammonium, nitrate or phosphate when light, density and water flow supported growth. Bivalves and other particle consumers reduced suspended solids, turbidity and microbial particles, but excessive densities could increase dissolved nitrogen through excretion and biodeposition. These mechanisms support a sequential design in which particles are removed or transformed before dissolved nutrients are assimilated by algae or plants, although direct evidence from fully linked systems remains limited. Effects on shrimp performance were context dependent: growth benefits occurred mainly where monoculture controls were constrained by poor water quality, whereas well-managed systems benefited primarily through additional extractive biomass, greater total yield and improved nutrient recovery. Evidence for commercial scale-up remains weak because studies rarely integrated biomass-specific energy use, infrastructure and labour costs, co-product revenue and life-cycle impacts. Shrimp-centred IMTA is therefore ecologically coherent but not yet commercially proven. Replicated, multi-cycle pilot trials using consistent nutrient, energy, operational and economic accounting are needed to determine its commercial viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8104,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Research","volume":"2026 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/are/7035354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}