Water, Air, & Soil Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Role of AI&ML in Modernizing Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes","authors":"Rajneesh Kumar,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Goyal","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07618-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07618-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The necessity for practical, affordable, and sustainable solutions in water management, as well as the technical ability to tackle issues related to water and wastewater, have made artificial intelligence and machine learning an increasingly important part of the modernisation of water and wastewater treatment processes. This study describes basic ideas and precepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning and the difficulties with using traditional techniques. It also examines the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches to the treatment of wastewater and water, emphasising their importance in energy efficiency, defect detection, infrastructure monitoring, optimisation, decision support, and integration with intelligent technologies. The future of water and wastewater management is expected to be shaped by artificial intelligence and machine learning systems that aim to address these constraints. Machine learning methods are investigated for predictive modelling, energy efficiency, defect detection, and infrastructure monitoring. In addition, this article provides case studies showing how artificial intelligence and machine learning are applied in practical situations, assesses their work, discusses obstacles and restrictions, and describes potential directions and new developments in this area. Future trends in water management focus on artificial intelligence-driven solutions. Artificial intelligence and machine learning has excellent potential to modernise water and wastewater treatment systems, providing ground-breaking solutions to the 21st-century challenges of increasing demand for sustainable water management.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Phthalic Acid Esters (PAEs) in Personal Care Products and Untreated Municipal Wastewater Samples: Implications for Source Apportionment and Ecological Risk Assessment","authors":"Chi Linh Thi Pham,&nbsp;Ngoc Bich Hoang,&nbsp;Anh Viet Nguyen,&nbsp;Vu Le,&nbsp;Ngoc Minh Thi Tran,&nbsp;Khiet Thanh Pham,&nbsp;Hoa Duc Phung,&nbsp;Ngoc Chau Chu,&nbsp;Anh Quoc Hoang,&nbsp;Tu Binh Minh,&nbsp;Tri Manh Tran","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07679-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07679-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reported the distribution patterns of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in personal care products (PCPs) available in Vietnam, with a focus in source apportionment and ecological risk assessment. Total of PAE concentrations in PCPs was 352–83500 µg/g (mean/median: 10900/6050), with di-(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) being the dominant compound (115–36300 µg/g; mean/median: 6110/3780), diethyl phthalate (mean/median: 2000/n.d.; range: n.d.–75300 µg/g), and diisobutyl phthalate (mean/median: 1040/130; range: n.d.–13800 µg/g) were also present in significant concentrations. Total PAE concentrations in untreated municipal wastewater samples from Hanoi were significantly higher than those from Thaibinh, with a mean concentration approximately 3.7 times greater. DEHP was also found to have the highest frequency and levels in wastewater, with mean/median concentrations of 3260/2830 and 598/557 µg/L in samples collected from Hanoi and Thaibinh, respectively. Seasonal variation was observed, with higher concentrations in the dry season. The ecological risk due to the distribution of individual PAEs in wastewater was moderate, except for DEHP, with risk quotients ranging from 5.98 to 24.8 for algae. These findings underscore the need for regulatory interventions to mitigate PAE contamination in urban environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142778112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution Patterns and Ecological Risks of Microplastics at Major Waste Disposal Environments in Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"Priyanka Dey Suchi,&nbsp;Badhan Saha,&nbsp;Mohammad Moniruzzaman,&nbsp;Trisha Paul,&nbsp;Kowshik Das Karmaker,&nbsp;Md. Kamal Hossain,&nbsp;Afroza Parvin,&nbsp;Afsana Parvin","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07664-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs), recently identified as emerging contaminants in environmental and biological systems, currently lack a comprehensive ecological risk assessment in waste disposal environments. This study investigates the presence, abundance, and distribution patterns of MPs in agricultural soils and surface water near the largest waste disposal area in Dhaka, Bangladesh, mainly focusing on assessing ecological risks and identifying potential hazards. MPs were characterized using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, stereomicroscopy, and SEM–EDX analysis. The agricultural soils were categorized into 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm, and 1–0.5 mm size fractions, concentrating on MPs less than 5 mm in surface waters. The mean abundance of MPs in surface soils was 2800 ± 696.42, 2320 ± 622.09, and 2040 ± 313.05 particles/kg, while in subsurface soil they were 2680 ± 576.19, 2200 ± 570.09, and 1760 ± 443.72 particles/kg for respective size fractions, and 376 ± 57.29 particles/liter in surface water. MPs were significantly correlated with soil moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The predominant polymers were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, mainly in fiber and film forms. The ecological risk evaluation indicated a high risk for surface soil and a medium-to-high risk for subsurface soil of agricultural land and surface water. Plastic mulch, solid waste, surface water irrigation, and organic compost were probably the potential sources of MPs, and their entrance into farmland and adjacent environments should be strictly limited. This study would provide the baseline reference for the current situation on agricultural fields and surface water near waste dumping sites, as well as emphasize the need for strong environmental regulations and effective mitigation techniques to address microplastic pollution.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous Atrazine Photocatalytic Degradation over g-C3N4/graphene/NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite in the Presence of Potassium Peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Khaoula Altendji,&nbsp;Safia Hamoudi","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07675-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07675-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atrazine, a widely used herbicide in agriculture due to its effectiveness and low cost, is employed to eliminate broadleaf weeds. However, its persistence and mobility in aquatic environments pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. This emphasizes the urgent need to develop effective methods for its degradation in surface and groundwater. Heterogeneous photocatalysis, activated by visible light, has emerged as a promising solution, enabling the generation of reactive species capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants. In this study, we designed an innovative ternary photocatalytic composite, composed of g-C₃N₄, graphene, and NiFe₂O₄, to enhance atrazine degradation under visible light in the presence of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PMS). This composite leverages the synergistic properties of its components: g-C₃N₄ efficiently absorbs visible light and generates electrons and holes necessary for degradation reactions; graphene acts as an electronic mediator, facilitating the separation and mobility of photo-excited charge carriers, thereby reducing charge recombination; and NiFe₂O₄ plays a key role in PMS activation, generating sulfate (SO₄•⁻) and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals responsible for atrazine oxidation and degradation. Compared to conventional photocatalysts, this composite offers significant advantages, notably a reduction in bandgap energy to 2.42 eV, thereby enhancing visible light absorption. Irradiation was carried out using a 48 W fluorescent lamp, optimizing the composite’s activation under visible light. Our experimental results show that 97% atrazine degradation was achieved in 5 h under optimal conditions of photocatalyst loading (0.3 g/L) and PMS concentration (1 mM) at ambient temperature. These findings highlight the potential of this material for sustainable treatment of emerging organic pollutants in contaminated waters, addressing the current challenges of water purification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants and Microplastics Using Ag/TiO2: Recent Advances in Mechanism, Synthesis and Properties","authors":"Xueqin Wang,&nbsp;Siow Hwa Teo,&nbsp;Mohd Razali Shamsuddin,&nbsp;Newati Wid","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07669-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07669-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂ is one of the most common and well-researched photocatalysts. However, it possesses certain limitations that hinder its research progress and practical application in the degradation of organic pollutants, particularly in the realm of (micro)plastics degradation. The modification of TiO₂ is currently a research hotspot in the photocatalytic degradation of organics. Noble metal Ag, with its unique advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, antibacterial properties, and good electrical conductivity, is an excellent modifier for TiO₂. This study first delved into the enhancement mechanism of Ag on TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation and the mechanisms of Ag/TiO₂ for degrading common organics and microplastics. It also discussed the preparation methods of Ag/TiO₂ complexes, their advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each method. Furthermore, it presented a comparative analysis of the current research status of TiO₂ and Ag/TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation of organics, particularly on (micro)plastics. Finally, it highlighted the limitations and shortcomings of current studies and proposed potential future research directions. This research serves as a guide for the large-scale production of efficient Ag/TiO₂ photocatalysts and the promotion of research on Ag/TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation of microplastics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Removal of Copper(II) Ion from Polluted Water Using Ferric Oxide-Chitosan Composite: Kinetic, Equilibrium and Adsorption Mechanism Studies","authors":"Xiaoli Yuan,&nbsp;Xixi Chen,&nbsp;Yufei Zhou,&nbsp;Shengzhi Ma,&nbsp;Chen Zhao,&nbsp;Shifeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07627-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07627-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current research, ferric oxide-chitosan composite (FOCC) was synthesized by loading chitosan with ferric oxide which was obtained from a kind of ferrous sulfate waste liquid by chemical precipitation, and FOCC was used to adsorb the copper(II) ion from polluted water. The effects of copper(II) ion adsorption experimental factors including initial pH, FOCC dosage and contact time on the removal efficiency were determined, and the related copper(II) ion adsorption mechanism was discussed. The copper(II) ion adsorption optimization study was performed through Box–Behnken design (BBD), and the maximum efficiency of copper(II) ion removal reached 99.23% under the optimized adsorption conditions of initial pH = 5.57, FOCC dosage = 2.5 g/L, contact time = 15 min. The kinetics of copper(II) ion adsorption by FOCC fits well with the pseudo-second-order model (R² &gt; 0.9920), indicating that the copper(II) ion adsorption process belongs chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of FOCC for copper(II) ion is 14.81 mg/g when the temperature is 55 °C. Under the above temperature, the isothermal experiments show that the Langmuir model (R² &gt; 0.9920) is more suitable for describing copper(II) ion adsorption process than the Freundlich model(R² &gt; 0.9504). The adsorption of copper(II) ion onto FOCC is endothermic(<span>({Delta H}^{^circ }&lt;0)</span>) and spontaneous(<span>({Delta G}^{^circ }&lt;0)</span>). In general, the study demonstrates FOCC is a quite promising material for copper(II) ion removal from polluted water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urease Inhibitors Weaken the Efficiency of Nitrification Inhibitors in Mitigating N2O Emissions from Soils Irrigated with Alternative Water Resources","authors":"Zhen Tao,&nbsp;Zhongyang Li,&nbsp;Siyi Li,&nbsp;Lijuan Zhao,&nbsp;Andrew S. Gregory,&nbsp;Xiangyang Fan,&nbsp;Chuncheng Liu,&nbsp;Chao Hu,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07670-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07670-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is generally accepted that inhibitors are effective in reducing agricultural nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from soils irrigated by groundwater. However, it was unclear whether these inhibitors effectively regulate N₂O emissions from soils irrigated with alternative waters, like reclaimed water and livestock wastewater. To clarify this, nitrapyrin, a nitrification inhibitor, and N-(N-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, a urease inhibitor, were added separately or jointly to the soils irrigated by groundwater, reclaimed water and livestock wastewater through two consecutive cycles of pot experiment. Both the single and combined addition of inhibitors lowered N₂O emissions from soils irrigated with alternative water, while the reduction effect of the combined application decreased relative to that of the single application. The using of combined inhibitors did reduce the enrichment level of nitrification genes and slow down the nitrification process, but the associated relatively high <i>nirS</i>/<i>nosZ</i> ratio potentially discounted its ability to prevent N₂O emissions. Whereas under groundwater irrigation, treatment with combined inhibitors only decreased N₂O emissions in the first cycle but not in the second cycle. Inhibitor application affected the composition of soil bacterial communities, and in particular, urease inhibitor application increased community differences across the two cycles. Moreover, using inhibitors led to a general reduction in the enrichment level of the denitrification genes <i>narG</i> and <i>nosZ</i>, and we speculate that inhibitors could also indirectly manipulate N₂O release by involving the denitrification process. Structural equation model results further displayed that the relative abundance of the <i>nxrA</i> and <i>narG</i> genes and NH₄⁺-N concentration played a vital role in the regulation of N₂O release from the alternative water-irrigated soils applied with inhibitors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel and Holistic Approach for Remediating Zn-, Pb-, and Cd-contaminated Soils Using Potassium Bisulfate and Ammonium Bisulfate as Leaching Agents","authors":"Jingjing Zou,&nbsp;Yiping Sun,&nbsp;Chunbin Guo,&nbsp;Shuo Liang,&nbsp;Xinyue Meng","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07672-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green, efficient, and cost-effective soil leaching technologies have emerged as an innovative strategy for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. In this study, we proposed NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ as novel eluents for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils and investigated the effects of various factors, including leaching temperature, liquid to solid ratio (L/S), time, and molar concentration ratio, on their efficacy. We also examined the mineral contents and structural properties of the contaminated soil before and after leaching using the novel eluents via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the leaching rates of Zn, Pb, and Cd using NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ (25 °C, 360 min, L/S = 20, and 0.075 mol/L) were 86.17%, 45.97%, and 79.92% and 89.12%, 46.185%, and 84.32%, respectively. Furthermore, these eluents improved the quality of the treated soil by slightly increasing its N and K contents without altering its structure. The leaching rates of Zn in the exchangeable and acid-soluble, reducible, and oxidizable forms by KHSO₄ were best fitted by the Avrami–Erofeev equation, diffusion via the product layer, and the new shrinking core model, respectively. The heavy metal proportion in the oxidizable and residual fraction increased after leaching. Based on these findings, NH₄HSO₄ and KHSO₄ show promise as effective agents for the rapid, efficient, cost effective, and sustainable remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonaceous NiFe2O4 Nanocomposite: An Efficient Nano-Adsorbent for Toxic Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"K Asha,&nbsp;R Nisha,&nbsp;Venkatesh Lekhana,&nbsp;C Prajwala,&nbsp;T. N. Vishalakshi,&nbsp;K. Sakthipandi,&nbsp;S. A. Shivashankar,&nbsp;M Srinidhi Raghavan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07660-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07660-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the potential of a novel carbon-coated NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite as an efficient nano-adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal from aqueous solutions. The single-step synthesis combines the advantageous properties of NiFe₂O₄ and carbon coating. Characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman, FT-IR, FESEM, and TEM, revealed a high carbon content (53%) and a crystallite size of 36 nm. Optimization of adsorption parameters (pH, dosage, contact time) was performed using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). At acidic pH, the nano-adsorbent achieved removal efficiencies of 97.6% for Pb(II) and 99.5% for Cd(II). Adsorption data followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating significant chemisorption. The adsorption capacities were 497.7 mg/g for Cd(II) and 325.6 mg/g for Pb(II). The NiFe₂O₄/C nanocomposite also demonstrated multiple reuses without significant efficiency loss.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally Benign Cellulose Acetate Hydrogel Beads for Solid Phase Extraction of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide from Water","authors":"Majakkar Nishitha,&nbsp;Badiadka Narayana,&nbsp;Balladka Kunhanna Sarojini,&nbsp;Arun Krishna Kodoth","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07601-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-024-07601-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new cellulose acetate hydrogel beads were fabricated by dropping method from an aqueous solution of cellulose acetate (CA) by crosslinking polyethylene glycol upon microwave irradiation for the adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CP) from water. The hydrogel beads formed were thermally stable and of semi-crystalline nature confirmed by TGA, FESEM and XRD analysis. The maximum swelling ratio of 250 gg⁻¹ was attained at pH 7.3 and 480 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 357.14 mgg⁻¹. The adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm with regression co-efficient values as 0.9924 and 0.9921 predominantly chemisorption process and physisorption as well. The chemisorption occurred by the nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group of cellulose acetate- polyethylene glycol hydrogel beads (CAB) on -P = S of CP expelling 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCP) forming <b>2.</b> This was also evidenced by the presence of an absorption band due to -P = S (699 cm⁻¹) in the CP adsorbed CAB (CPCAB). Further, the desorption occurred at pH 1.3 by the acid hydrolysis of <b>2</b> with 99% recovery up to three cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}